Card index of walks for the spring period in the middle group

Organization of observations in the middle group of kindergarten

In the middle preschool level, it is already possible to practice cyclic observations of the life of plants and animals. During the observation process, students in the middle group receive a larger amount of information. So, in addition to information about the external appearance of living creatures, they learn their method of movement, habitat, and preferred food. This leads the children to understand the connection between the specific structure of plants and animals and their adaptability to the environment.

When organizing observation, it is important that the object is accessible to every child participating in the process. The teacher thinks in advance how many children can simultaneously participate in the work and how they should be placed in order to obtain the necessary information about the object.

The teacher must verbally voice everything that the children see, but the word must follow the perception: only in this case does the child develop full-fledged knowledge.

As for the duration of observation in the middle group, it should not take more than 10 minutes. The structure of the organized observation process is as follows:

First, the teacher gathers the children and attracts their attention (“Now you will see something interesting” or “Do you like animals?”), you can involve game characters (the old forester wants to show the kids the trees), riddles and descriptions. It is important not to overdo it here: strong emotions can interfere with thought processes.
The main part is a direct examination of the object, during which the teacher asks questions (no need to layer them on top of each other). After all, children need to think and concentrate.
The observation ends with final questions. If the children looked at some objects during a walk, before napping, you can read them a fairy tale on a suitable topic, and in the evening, invite them to create a drawing in which they express their impressions.

File of observations

The topics of observation in different age groups are different. When working with children aged five, the following topics will be relevant:

Observations affecting natural phenomena and seasonal changes in nature: weather;
leaf fall;
autumn rain;
puddles on the site;
wind;
sky;
clouds;
snowfall;
snowflakes;
ice;
icicles;
drops;
stones;
the soil;
Sun.
Kids usually love snow very much and look forward to its appearance.

Observation of the flora:

behind the flower garden, birch, rowan, spruce, poplar, willow;

comparison of two trees according to a number of characteristics (for example, birch and rowan, live and artificial spruce);

behind the bushes;

comparison of tree and bush;

behind the swelling buds on the trees;

behind the bark of trees;

behind the grass.

Observation of animals, birds and insects:

for a sparrow, a crow, a tit, a pigeon, a magpie, a bullfinch;

for migratory birds;

following bird tracks in the snow;

comparison of birds by size, color, voice, plumage;

for birds at the feeder;

in a group behind a parrot, fish and an aquarium.

for a cat, dog, hamster;

for insects.

Observing people and human work:

at work as a janitor at different times of the year;

for autumn work in the garden (the work of preschool employees and older pupils);

planting vegetables in the preschool garden at the end of spring;

at work as a driver (bringing food to kindergarten);

at work as a postman (brings letters, newspapers and magazines to kindergarten);

for passers-by (what they are wearing, how they are walking);

for kids who recently came to kindergarten (how they behave, why some cry);

for the construction of a new house.

Observations related to cars and traffic rules:

behind cars on the road (roadway);

behind the fire truck;

behind a snowplow;

for construction equipment.

During observation, kids will remember what a pedestrian crossing sign looks like and see how cars stop in front of it

Photo gallery: plant observations

It's interesting to watch the plants awaken in the spring

Both children and adults want to touch the fluffy Christmas tree with their hands.

It’s also interesting to watch plants in winter, because frost gives them a special beauty

The teacher draws the attention of preschoolers to the rustling yellow leaves under their feet

Bright flowers always attract children's attention

Photo gallery: animal observations

Multi-colored parrots attract children's attention

Children are interested not only in looking at the cat, but also in learning its habits.

While watching the pigeons you can feed them

Photo gallery: the work of a janitor at different times of the year

It’s interesting for the kids to watch the grass being cut

Kids love helping to clean up leaves

In winter, a janitor has no less work than in autumn - he needs to clear the area of snow

Table: fragments of observation notes in the middle group

Author and title	Progress of observation
Matveeva N. “Observation of a birch”	V.: Guys, today we came to visit the birch tree. Everyone calls her a Russian beauty. Look how beautiful she is, slender, straight, and rises high, high. As if he wants to grow to the sky. Try to reach the top of your head. Did everyone reach out? You can not? That's how tall the birch tree is! The white birch tree stands in gold And its green leaves quietly rustle. Listen, guys, the birch tree is whispering something to us. Perhaps the birch tree is singing songs to us? She sings with leaves. And why? The breeze is blowing, the leaves are rustling in the wind and “singing.” Do you hear? Look, the branches are bent and shaking. They play with the breeze. But then the wind stopped, and all the leaves calmed down. Guys, when the wind is strong, what song does the birch tree sing to us? (Sad, loud). And when the wind is weak and the sun is shining? (Quiet, calm, lullaby). Admire the beauty of the crown. What a beautiful sundress our princess has, with black pockets. What is another name for a birch sundress? What colour? Let's touch and stroke her. Guys, stand under the tree and look up. What do you see? How many branches? Who can tell what the branches look like? The branches look like pigtails, they are long, thin, like curls. The slender beauty is famous throughout all countries: White clothes, Gold earrings, With an unbraided braid She washes herself with dew. The wind moves the strands, but does not order them to be braided. Birch is especially dear to our people. She is smart and beautiful. It is called white birch. Many poems, songs, fairy tales, and round dances are dedicated to the birch tree. I love the Russian birch, sometimes bright, sometimes sad, in a white sundress, with handkerchiefs in its pockets. With beautiful clasps, With green earrings. I love her, elegant, dear, beloved. (A. Prokofiev). Guys, we are all friends with you, you are friends with each other, birds are friends with birds, animals are friends with animals, and I am friends with you. Look, do we have any friend trees on our site? That's right, these two birch trees are friends. They are friends because they grow up side by side and help each other in difficult times. When they are sad, they rustle leaves, “talk” and make each other laugh. Let's hear what they have to say. They are always together and never quarrel. They grow on our site, and when we play next to them, they have fun, and when we go to the group, they are bored, and they wait for us again. Let's stand in a big circle and dance around our girlfriends.
Matveeva N. “Observation of a birch”	Quote from: https://www.maam.ru/detskijsad/nablyudenie-za-berezoi.html
Kolesova S. “Observations on the work of a janitor in winter”	Observation: draw the children’s attention to the work of the janitor. His shovel is wide, why? Invite children to help clear the sidewalk and area of the playground from snow. Poems on the topic: There has been a lot of snow, but they keep coming and going. Tired janitors Sweep, sweep, sweep. They rattle with shovels Under the shaggy clouds, They rustle like whisks. On the streets, in the alleys, in the courtyards and alleys, they are in a hurry to manage. (E. Blaginina). Q: What does our janitor do? (Clears the paths from snow). What's in his hands? (Shovel). Let's carefully observe the work of the janitor. (Children watch). What else does a janitor use besides a shovel? (Broom, dustpan). What is the difference between working with a shovel and working with a broom? (A shovel is used to remove large snow, a broom is used to sweep away light snow). Let's try to make our own brooms for removing snow and debris. They must be strong and neat. Exercise for developing fine motor skills of the hands “Venichek”. Together with the teacher, collect brooms from twigs and tie them. Sweep the snow off the benches from the house. V.: Look, what an interesting machine helps the janitor remove snow! This is a snowblower. (Watch the work of the snow blower.) A difficult job as a janitor? (Yes). Let's also take shovels and help the janitor remove the snow. But first, let's stretch our hands. Finger gymnastics “Snowfall”. White flakes, white fluff smoothly and calmly (Rotate the hand) It circles over the trees and over the bell tower (Raises hands up). Every house and every bush is warmed, dressed (Show the roof of the house), A snow coat and a snow hat (Show the fur coat and hat). White flakes are falling from the sky in droves (They show how snow is falling), Covering the white light with a white blanket (They stroke one palm with the other). So that on the left, in front, behind and on the right (Show directions) Trees and grass sleep sweetly until spring (Show how they sleep). That’s a lot of snow to cover overnight (Hands on cheeks, shaking head)! It’s like a sled flying down a hill (the left palm is drawn from top to bottom along the right hand)! V.: Now you can get to work! (Children work with shovels). There is a lot of snow, there is no place to run, There is also snow on the path, Here are shovels for you guys, Let's work for everyone! Q: Do you think people need the work of a janitor? (Yes). Why? (To keep it clean, beautiful and safe around). Listen to the poem about the janitor: Our janitor with a broom and shovel In the frost, falling leaves and blizzard, rakes, sprinkles the paths with sand, teaches children to work. V.: Let's thank the janitor for his important and hard work. Let's thank him for keeping our kindergarten clean. And now I invite you to play. Didactic game “Whose instruments?” (Show cards with pictures of tools). Outdoor games: “Frost-Red Nose”, “The Bear Woke Up”. Q: Guys, did you like watching the janitor work? Is this a necessary profession? Why do we need wipers? Why should the paths be clean?
	Quote from: https://www.maam.ru/detskijsad/konspekt-zanjatija-na-progulke-nablyudenija-za-rabotoi-dvornika-zimoi.html

What is an observation cycle?

It is advisable to organize some observations in the form of cycles. For this purpose, objects are selected both on the kindergarten site and in the group. Each observation within the cycle has its own objectives, different from the others, but at the same time they are all interconnected. Taken together, this work is aimed at developing in preschoolers a holistic idea of a certain object: its structure, behavior (or states), and living conditions.

Cyclic observations have the following advantages:

The entire amount of knowledge is given to the preschooler in portions, due to which they are absorbed more firmly.
Each subsequent observation reveals to the children new facets of a natural object familiar to them, while clarifying the existing ones.
Repeated reference to a specific object generates sustained interest in it. Therefore, children often make new observations on their own (they are not encouraged to do so by the teacher, which is extremely important).
Cyclic observations can be organized at regular moments, which allows you to save time for other activities and make the life of children in kindergarten more interesting and varied.

Observation of any animal in a corner of nature can be organized in the form of cycles

As for the duration of the cycle, it can take from one to several months. This could be a periodic examination of the garden on the windowsill: the kids, together with the teacher, note how the plants have grown, how their appearance has changed (you can focus on this, for example, twice a week, although children will probably come to the garden more often). Another example is observing aquarium fish (the emphasis is on their growth and behavior).

For all the animals in the ecological corner in the group, the teacher draws up his own series of observations: after all, the children should know their little neighbors well. Cyclic observations can also be devoted to objects of the plant world, for example, some tree on the site (birch, rowan, spruce, etc.), as well as a houseplant.

Rowan is a colorful tree that can become the object of cyclical observation in the middle group

Table: a series of observations of a hamster in a corner of nature

Observation phase	Target	Progress of observation
Getting to know your hamster	Arouse interest in the animal, the desire to observe it.	The teacher shows the children a hamster, and together they come up with a name for it, specify the size of the animal, its color, and the texture of its fur. Comparison of a hamster with a mouse. Analysis of the pet's behavior: what it does in the cage, is it afraid of people, is it easy to catch the animal, is the hamster calm or active.
A new home for a hamster	Show children that to live next to a person, a hamster needs conditions - a spacious cage. Teach children to help adults in arranging a house for a pet.	Children watch how the teacher sets up a “house” for the hamster: he makes a bedding from sand or sawdust, installs a ladder, a running wheel, and a place for a toilet. The purpose of each attribute is discussed. The guys watch what the animal will do with the ladder and the wheel.
Is your pet happy in his house?	Teach kids to notice how an animal feels in a new environment (a new cage), and lead them to conclusions: how conditions can be improved.	The kids, with the help of the teacher, assess how the hamster feels in his home: whether he is sick, find out when the hamster is more active - in the morning or in the evening.
Hamster nutrition	Find out the animal's taste preferences.	The hamster is hungry. The guys give him bread, oats, carrots. The animal eats and stores.
How a hamster stores supplies	Clarify the structural features of a hamster's muzzle.	The teacher informs preschoolers that the animal has cheek pouches (similar to bags) in which it carries food. When he puts food there, his muzzle inflates like a balloon, and then loses weight again. Conclusion - the hamster is thrifty. In addition, it has sharp teeth: it is necessary to constantly give the animal twigs so that it sharpens its teeth.
Hamster cleanliness	Draw children's attention to how the hamster takes care of itself.	The guys watch the hamster wash itself after eating. He also constantly cleans his fur (that's why it is smooth and shiny) and uses the toilet carefully. Conclusion: the animal can be called clean.
How a hamster rests	Observe the animal's daily routine.	The teacher focuses the attention of preschoolers on the fact that the hamster mostly sleeps during the day and is active in the late afternoon. Conclusion: the animal is nocturnal.
Comparison of hamster and mouse	To consolidate knowledge about the appearance of a hamster.	The teacher summarizes the preschoolers' knowledge about the appearance of a hamster: an oval, well-fed body, almost no neck, small ears and eyes, a movable nose with a mustache, short legs with sharp claws. The animal looks like a mouse, however, unlike it, it is tailless.
Features of hamster movement	Clarify the animal's modes of movement.	A hamster can move in different ways: walk, run (including inside a wheel), climb a ladder, and jump off it. However, the animal does not run particularly fast, since its legs are short. A young hamster is more active than an old one. Children conclude that their pet is still young. The teacher invites the kids to write a story about the funny behavior of the hamster.
When a hamster is hard to spot	Give an idea of the camouflage coloration of the animal.	The teacher applies paper of different colors to the walls of the cage. The hamster is least noticeable on a brown background, since it is close to its color (it is also invisible on the sand poured at the bottom of the cage). These are ways to camouflage an animal.

Table: cyclic observations of mountain ash at the preschool site

Observation phase	Target	Progress of observation
Getting to know the rowan	Learn to recognize rowan, distinguish it from other trees.	Riddle about rowan. The teacher suggests using the description in the riddle to find this tree on the site. Children come to the conclusion that rowan differs from other trees in its round red-orange berries.
Rowan during snowfall	Learn to see the beauty of a tree covered with snow.	Riddle about a snow-covered tree. Discussion of what rowan looks like: white and fluffy with snow. But it’s hard for her branches: the guys must help her - shake off the snow, and then the branches will immediately rise.
Rowan berries	Tell the children that birds love to eat rowan berries.	The attention of preschoolers is drawn to the berries near the mountain ash in the snow. It turns out that birds, especially bullfinches, love to eat them. But they only select the seeds inside and drink the juice, spitting out the pulp. That's why snow appears red.
Comparison of mountain ash with birch	Learn to find similarities and differences between rowan and other trees.	The teacher and the children consistently highlight the differences between rowan and birch: different colors of bark, shape of leaves, presence of berries (birch has seeds in “catkins”).
Compiling the fairy tale “I am a mountain ash”	Learn to emotionally express your attitude towards a tree through a fairy tale.	During the walk, the teacher invites the children to compose a short fairy tale about how the mountain ash feels and what it dreams about. Guiding questions: does she live well on the site, what is her favorite season of the year, what do the branches whisper when the children go for a walk, how can you help the mountain ash feel better, is it good to be a tree.

Long-term planning of observations in the middle group

Before the start of the new school year, the teacher draws up a long-term plan for observations during walks, where he prescribes the topic and goals of each observation.

Table: example of long-term planning for a walk

Author	Gaplikova A., teacher at MADOU D/s No. 4 “Snowdrop”, Domodedovo, Moscow region.
Month	Observation theme	Goals
October	Birch observation	Continue to introduce birch, highlighting characteristic features and changes associated with the time of year; cultivate a caring attitude towards wood as a living object of nature.
	Weather observation	Pay attention to how nature has changed; teach to compare natural changes; develop observation skills.
	Weather monitoring	To form an idea of a natural phenomenon - fog; teach observation of seasonal phenomena; notice the features of a particular phenomenon and draw conclusions.
	Watching migratory birds	Expand ideas about migratory birds, about the changes in the life of birds in the fall, when cold weather sets in; cultivate love and caring attitude towards birds.
	Observing autumn work in the garden	To consolidate knowledge about seasonal changes in nature.
	Sparrow watching	Expand knowledge about the appearance and habits of a sparrow; develop attention and observation.
	Rowan Observation	Introduce the mountain ash, show its structure: trunk, branches, leaves, berries; look at her bright autumn outfit.
	Bird watching	Learn to identify differences in the appearance of different birds, paying attention to size and methods of movement.
	Magpie watching	Form ideas about the appearance of a magpie, its characteristic features, habits; cultivate the need to take care of wintering birds.
Quote from: https://www.maam.ru/detskijsad/perspektivnoe-planirovanie-na-progulke-na-oktjabr.html