57114_OBZh srednyaya gruppa.docx
3. “Don’t touch the matches, there’s fire in them.” Forming an idea of objects that children are strictly prohibited from using - matches, gas stoves, stoves, teaching behavior in emergency situations. with situations: attract the attention of adults, call for help. 1. Conversation: “Matches in our house” 2. P/I “Water and Flame” 3. Game - conversation “Matches are the cause of fire” Examination of posters, situations “Fire does not forgive mistakes.” Consultation on the topic: “So that there is no trouble.” 4. “Visiting Aibolit.” Consolidating children’s knowledge about the concept of “health”, clarifying the rules for maintaining health, developing an interest in their own body, well-being, and mood associated with health. 1. D/I “Name it correctly” 2. Conversation “Fruits are good for children and adults” 3. S/R game “Gegetable shop” 4. Pal. and gra “Salad” Sanitary bulletin “Colds”. Consultation “Vitamins in autumn”. Examination of illustrations for the fairy tale “Aibolit”. October 1. “Journey along the street.” Supplement ideas about the street with new information (houses are different - for housing, shops, school, etc.), cars move along the roadway of the street, traffic can be one-way or two-way and is divided by line 1. Conversation on the topic: “Traveling along the street” 2. S/R game – “Transport” 3. D/I “Street” 4. Under. and “Colored Cars” View paintings depicting the street. Monitoring the movements of cars and the work of the driver. 2. “Caution, poisonous! " Teach children to be attentive to plants in nature, to understand that some of them may be poisonous; teach caution and develop curiosity. 1. Conversation “Poisonous plants” 2. Present. and the game “Each mushroom in its own box.” 3. D/I “Edible, not edible” Examination of cards “Caution, poisonous! » Examination of the poster “Berries”. 3. "Dangerous objects." Introduce children to the rules for using piercing and cutting objects. Cultivate accuracy when working with dangerous objects. 1. D/I “Name what is dangerous” 2. Conversation “Household appliances” 3. D/I “Find dangerous objects” 4. Game “Put everything in its place” Examination of the moving folder “Dangerous objects and phenomena”. Observation of working with scissors. 4. “Our ears and teeth” Give knowledge about the organs of hearing, clarify that everyone’s ears are different; With the help of experiments, learn to distinguish the strength, pitch, timbre of sounds, consolidate knowledge about the rules of ear care. Give children an idea of baby and permanent teeth, their growth and development; introduce the rules of dental care, how to treat them at the dentist, treat yourself carefully, and strengthen the ability to brush your teeth. 1. Game “So that your ears can hear.” 2. Game for attention “Guess by the voice” 3. C/R game “Doctor” 4. Conversation on the topic: “To keep your teeth strong” Examination of the poster “Me and my body.” Consultation on the topic: “How to properly care for your teeth? " November 1. “Don’t open the door to strangers.” Continue to introduce children to the rules of personal safety and develop a sense of self-preservation. 1. Conversation “Don’t open the door to strangers” 2. S/R game “If no one is around” 3. D/I “Dangerous, not dangerous” Examination of illustrations for the fairy tale “The Wolf and the Seven Little Goats.” 2. “Contact with animals.” Explain to children that contact with animals can sometimes be dangerous, tell and reinforce the rules of behavior with domestic and homeless animals. 1. Game - conversation “Should we pet street animals?” 2. Examination of the folding folder “Rules for handling wild and domestic animals.” 3. D/I “Who lives in the house? » 4. S/R game “Veterinary Hospital” Examination of the “Dogs” cards. Watching a dog on the street. Examination of the paintings: “Cat with kittens”, “Dog with puppies”. 3. “Why is fire dangerous?” Continue to introduce children to the phenomenon of fire; develop confidence in your actions; enrich children's vocabulary with new concepts and words. 1. Conversation on the topic: “How dangerous a fire is” 2. Board game “Special flight” Examination of the poster “Fire safety lessons.” Examination of the board “Primary fire extinguishing means” 4. “Traveling along the street: rules for pedestrians.” Continue to acquaint children with some rules for the movement of pedestrians on the street, with the concepts of “pedestrian” and “ground (overground, underground) crossing.” 1. Conversation “Important rules for pedestrians” 2. Under. and game “Running traffic light” 3. Board game “Young pedestrian” 4. Under. and the game “Skillful Pedestrian” Examination of pictures about the behavior of children on the roads and streets. Bike. Road surveillance on the street. December 1. “Safety rules on ice.” Give children knowledge about the rules of behavior on ice. 1. Conversation about rivers in winter 2. D/I “Danger” Examination of paintings: “Movement of ice drift” 2. “Electrical appliances”. Introduce children to electrical appliances, their purpose and rules of use. 1. Conversation “Rules for handling electrical appliances” 2. D/I “Electrical Appliances” 3. D/I “Our Helpers” 4. Sub. and the game “Vacuum Cleaner” Examination of the “Dangerous Objects” cards. Monitoring operating electrical appliances. Consultation “Dangerous objects”. 3. “Watch out for the flu! » Teach how to take care of your health, introduce children to the characteristic signs of illness and prevention. 1. Conversation on the topic: “Colds” 2. C/R game “Service 02” 3. D/I “Ambulance” Consultation on the topic: “Prevention of influenza, acute respiratory infections” Workshop for parents “About health - seriously” 4. “In public transport.” Introduce children to the rules of ethical behavior in urban transport. 1. Conversation “How to behave in transport” 2. D/I “Guess the type of transport from the description” 3. S/ Rigra “Bus” 4. D/I “Driving around the city” Examination of cars of various brands. Surveillance of city transport. January 1. “Beware of frost.” Teach children to follow safety rules in the cold. 1. Conversation about winter 2. Under. and gra “Frost, Red Nose” 3. X/I “The Bunny is cold in winter” Observation on a walk “How children are dressed in winter.” Consultation: “Attention! Winter is coming." Consultation: “Motor activity while walking in winter” 2. “Profession of a firefighter.” To introduce children to the profession of a firefighter with the qualities of his character (courage, courage, dexterity, kindness), to cultivate respect for the people of this profession. 1. Conversation “Who is a firefighter? » 2. D/I “Special flight” 3. D/I “Name it correctly” 4. S/R game “Service 01” Consideration of primary fire extinguishing means. Looking at a toy fireman's truck. Examination of drawings based on fairy tales about fire. 3. “Sport is health.” Develop an interest in various sports and a desire to engage in physical education. 1. Conversation “Types of sports” 2. D/I “How to grow up healthy” Review of the booklet “Raising healthy children.” Looking at pictures about sports. Consultation on the topic: “To be healthy, you need to toughen up.” 4. "Road signs." To consolidate children's knowledge about the purpose of road signs, the ability to use them in the game for their intended purpose, to develop memory and intelligence. 1. Lotto “Road Signs” 2. D/I “Show the same sign” 3. D/I “Name the signs” 4. D/I “Traffic Light” Examination of the “Road Signs” cards. Looking at illustrations of road signs. Consultation “Children’s safety is in our hands.” February 1. “Let’s teach our children to behave correctly.” In a playful way, clarify and consolidate the rules familiar to children, develop tenderness, love for children, the desire to help them and teach them what you know, cultivate neatness, and the need for a healthy lifestyle. 1. Conversation “How to behave when visiting” 2. S/R game “Guests” 3. D/I “Etiquette - a school of graceful manners” 4. Us. and gra “Classification of Household Use” Examination of the cards “Good Habits and Manners”. Consultation: “The role of etiquette in raising children.” 2. “Take care of living things.” To form a basic understanding of nature, to develop the ability to behave in nature. 1. Us. and gra “Seasons” 2. D/I “Who lives where? " 3. D / I “Find out what kind of bird” 4. D / I “What grows in the garden, in the vegetable garden” Examination of the cards “Take care of living things.” Consultation: “How to behave in nature.” 3. “Our hands.” To give an idea of the importance of the human hand, that with the help of hands you can express various feelings; talk about how you can find a person by his hand, find out about his health and character; continue to teach how to represent objects with symbols. 1. Pal. and gra “Where are our hands? » 2. D/ And “Count” 3. Pal. and gra “Our hands are good” Examination of the poster “Cleanliness is the key to health.” Examination of illustrations for the fairy tale “Moidodyr”. 4. “Fire is dangerous.” Introduce children to the basic rules of fire safety and the initial actions to take when a fire is detected; Learn how to properly report a fire by phone. 1. Conversation about fire 2. S/R game “Service 01” 3. D/I “Special flight” 4. D/I “We are firefighters” Examination of the poster “Fire Safety Rules”. Examination of the moving folder “Fire Safety”. Looking at the poster “Do not allow playing with homemade pistols.” March 1. “Be careful, icicles! » Teach children to be attentive and not to walk under roofs and awnings at this time of year. 1. Conversation on the topic: “What are icicles and why are they dangerous.” 2. D/I “Be careful, icicles” Examination of illustrations about spring. Observations on a walk for icicles. 2. "My family." Form an idea of your family members, show concern for your loved ones and neighbors. 1. Conversation about family members 2. D/ I “Name who” 3. D/ I “Who am I?” » 4. X/ And “In an even circle...” 5. Fell. and “This finger...” Looking at photographs of family members. Looking at pictures of the family. 3. “Vitamins strengthen the body.” To introduce the concept of “vitamins”, to consolidate knowledge about the need for vitamins in the human body, about healthy foods that contain vitamins, to educate children about a nutritional culture. 1. Conversation “Vitamins strengthen the body” 2. D/I “Healthy and harmful games” 3. Conversation “Healthy food” Sanitary bulletin “Healthy decoctions”. Examination of cards with pictures of fruits and vegetables. Consultation “Vitamins in human life.” 4. “What is a crossroads? " Looking at illustrations depicting a busy intersection, encouraging children to listen carefully to a short story, teaching them to ask questions about what they read. 1. Conversation with children “What is an intersection” 2. D/I “Road signs” 3. D/I “Crossroads” Examination of illustrations with a road, an intersection. Watching the road with children. April 1. “Cats and dogs are our friends.” Explain to children that contact with animals can sometimes be dangerous, tell and reinforce the rules of behavior with domestic and homeless animals. 1. Conversation “Should we pet street animals?” 2. D/I “Who lives in the house? » 3. Problem situation “Don’t tease the dogs” Examination of the paintings “Cat with Kittens”, “Dog with Puppies”. Watching a cat or a dog on the street. 2. “Modes of transport.” Strengthen knowledge about types of transport. 1. Speech exercise “What is special transport for?” 2. D/I “Guess the types of transport from the description” 3. D/I “Transport” 4. Pal. and the game “We are drivers” Examination of illustrations with modes of transport. Surveillance of traffic on the street. 3. “May our legs be healthy.” To develop in children the ability to take care of their feet, to cultivate a caring attitude towards themselves and the people around them. 1. Conversation on the topic: “Let our legs be healthy” 2. X/ game “Bunny, bunny, what’s wrong with you...” 3. D/ I “Show me. . » Looking at the poster “My Body”. Watching for shoes while walking. 4. "Flowers". Give children ideas about flowers, cultivate a caring attitude towards flowers. 1. Conversation with children about flowers. 2. Problem situation “Are all flowers safe” 3. D/I “Our helpers are plants” 4. D/I “Meadow and garden flowers” Review of the book “Flowers”. Observing flowers in a flower garden. Examination of cards about flowers. May 1. “What will you do when you are left at home alone, without your parents, and the doorbell rings? » Prevent children from contacting strangers, promote the development of caution and prudence in communicating with strangers. 1. D/I “Dangerous, not dangerous” 2. Drawing up a memo “What a person should be afraid of” 3. S/R game “If no one is around” Examination of illustrations “If I’m alone at home.” Examination of illustrations for the fairy tale “The Wolf and the Seven Little Goats.” 2. “Dangers of nature in the summer.” Teach children the rules of behavior on hot summer days, the rules of behavior during a thunderstorm, when encountering various insects, and recall the rules of behavior on the water. 1. Situational in training “Rules of influence when meeting insects” 2. Conversation “Educational games in summer” 3. D/I “Dangerous, not dangerous” Sanitary bulletin “First aid for sunstroke and burns.” Examination of the “Take care of living things” cards. Examination of cards “Rules of behavior in the forest” 3. “How to protect the health of a child.” Provide basic information about medications, that they should only be taken in the presence of an adult, that you cannot take medications on your own, and form an idea of the main value of life – health. . 1. D/I “So that the skin is healthy” 2. D/I “Hygiene rules” 3. S/R game “Ambulance” 4. D/I “Journey to the land of health” Consultation “How to grow up healthy.” Examination of the poster “Cleanliness is the key to health.” 4. “About road safety.” To form ideas about road safety rules, to deepen knowledge about traffic rules. 1. Conversation “Roads are dangerous” 2. Once/game “Road signs” 3. D/I “Collect signs” 4. Simulation of the situation “Play on the road” Examination of a poster about traffic rules. Review of "Be careful" cards.
Planning for life safety in the middle group
Bakholdina Alesya
Planning for life safety in the middle group
Planning for life safety and traffic rules in the middle group
September
1. Reading the Russian folk tale “Zhikharka”
Goal: continue to introduce the rules of behavior with strangers.
2. D/i “Guess the transport”
Goal: to consolidate children’s ideas about transport, the ability to use a description (riddle)
recognize objects; develop ingenuity, quick thinking and speech activity.
3. Doll Masha treats you to mushrooms and berries.
Goal: to continue to form children’s ideas about dangerous berries and mushrooms.
4. D/i "Traffic Light"
Goal: to consolidate children’s understanding of the purpose of a traffic light and its signals;
5. Playing out the “Stranger and Me”
Goal: continue to introduce the rules of behavior with strangers, learn to say no to strangers.
6. Reading fiction S. Volkov
"About traffic rules"
Goal: to develop knowledge about traffic lights, their meaning, to teach how to cross the street correctly.
7. Didactic game “Friend or Foe”
8. Targeted excursion to the traffic light.
Goal: to consolidate knowledge about the operation of traffic lights, to develop skills of correct behavior on the street, to consolidate ideas about the roadway, sidewalk, and street structure.
9. Learning to evacuate.
Goal: to teach children not to panic during a fire alarm, to follow the teacher’s commands.
October
1. Conversation “Safe Playground”
Goal: to develop safe behavior skills while walking on the playground.
2. Role-playing game “Bus”
Goal: to form ideas about passenger transport, rules of behavior in public transport, to introduce the “Public Transport Stop”
.
3. Game situation “Helping Mom”
Goal: to continue to form ideas about household electrical appliances and the rules for handling them.
4. Didactic game “Traffic Light”
Goal: to continue to form ideas about traffic lights and their meaning.
5. Game situation “Matches are not a toy for children!”
Goal: to form children’s ideas about flammable objects and the consequences of playing with them.
6. Reading O. Kob “Zebra”
Goal: to form children’s ideas about pedestrian crossings.
7. Didactic game “Find a dangerous object”
Goal: to form children’s ideas about dangerous objects in everyday life.
8. Game situation “Help Mishutka cross the road”
Goal: to develop knowledge about the correct crossing of the road with and without a traffic light.
9. Learning to evacuate.
Goal: to teach children not to panic during a fire alarm, to follow the teacher’s commands.
November
1. Conversation “If you are lost”
, didactic game
“What is your mother’s name?”
Purpose: to form ideas about the rules of behavior if you are lost, to learn to say the surname, the name of your mother, father, your first name, surname.
2. Role-playing game “Chauffeurs”
Goal: to consolidate knowledge about modes of transport, pedestrian crossing
,
“Public transport stop”
, teach how to cross the road correctly.
3. Reading Kholin E. “How a naughty pig almost got burned”
Goal: to develop fire safety skills.
4. Outdoor game “Traffic Light”
Purpose: to consolidate ideas about traffic lights.
5. Didactic game “Full Basket”
Mushrooms.
Goal: to tell children about the benefits of edible mushrooms and the dangers that await an inexperienced mushroom picker. Exercise the ability to distinguish poisonous mushrooms from edible ones (fly agaric, toadstool)
6. Reading B. Zhitkov “Traffic Light”
Goal: to consolidate ideas about the rules of the road.
7. Game situation “Don’t be afraid to call for help”
.
Goal: learn to ask strangers for help.
8. Reading and discussion of the work. Y. Pishumov “Yurka lives on the other side”
Purpose: to establish rules for crossing the street.
9. Learning to evacuate.
Goal: to teach children not to panic during a fire alarm, to follow the teacher’s commands.
December
1. Game situation “The doll Masha has a sore throat”
Goal: to form ideas about the consequences of eating snow, licking metal objects in the cold, to cultivate a desire to take care of one’s health.
2. Conversation “Getting to know the trolleybus”
.
Goal: expand understanding of modes of transport. Reinforce the concept of “passenger”
, rules of behavior in public transport.
3. Reading and discussion by B. Zhitkov “Smoke”
.
Goal: to expand children’s understanding of the profession of firefighters, to develop behavioral skills during a fire.
4. Conversation “Where is which car?”
Goal: to form ideas about special transport: ambulance, fire truck, police car.
5. Game situation “Safe playground”
Goal: to develop safe behavior skills while walking on the playground.
6. Didactic game “Guess and name”
Goal: to consolidate ideas about various types of transport and their purpose.
7. Game situation “Katya doll and Christmas tree”
Goal: to develop safe behavior skills during the New Year holidays.
8. Conversation “Getting to know the tram”
The goal is to continue to introduce different types of transport and their purposes.
January.
1. Game situation “Masha is lost”
Goal: to develop skills of behavior in an emergency situation, to teach how to ask for help.
2. Game situation “How can the doll Masha get home?”
Purpose: to reinforce the meaning of road signs “pedestrian crossing”
,
"public transport stop"
.
3. Didactic game “Find a dangerous object”
Goal: to form children’s ideas about dangerous objects in everyday life.
4. Game situation “Safe playground”
Goal: to develop safe behavior skills while walking on the playground.
5. Reading and discussion of the fairy tale “The Snow Maiden and the Fox”
Goal: to form ideas about behavior with strangers.
6. Reading and discussion S. Mikhalkov “Bad History”
Purpose: to reinforce the rules of the road.
7. Conversation “Dangerous objects at home”
Goal: to form an idea of the dangers that household appliances can pose. (kettle, gas stove, iron)
8. Role-playing game “Chauffeurs”
Goal: to consolidate ideas about types of transport and traffic rules.
9. Learning to evacuate.
Goal: to teach children not to panic during a fire alarm, to follow the teacher’s commands.
February
1. Conversation, looking at illustrations on the topic “Beware of ice”
Goal: to form rules of behavior in icy conditions.
2. Outdoor game “Sparrows and a car”
Goal: to form an idea of danger on the road, to teach how to act on a signal.
3. Reading and discussion of the fairy tale “Little Red Riding Hood”
Goal: to form ideas about behavior with strangers.
4. Didactic game “Guess and name”
Goal: to form ideas about types of transport, its purpose, to learn to recognize transport by description.
5. Didactic game “Who will come to our aid?”
Goal: expand ideas about the professions of firefighter, doctor, policeman.
6. Role-playing game “Bus”
Goal: to establish rules of behavior in public transport.
7. Game situation “Me and the stranger”
Goal: to develop skills for safe communication with strangers.
8. Riddles about transport.
Goal: to continue to consolidate ideas about types of transport and its purpose.
March
1. Conversation “If you are lost”
Goal: to form ideas about the rules of behavior in an emergency situation.
2. Reading and discussion of O. Bedarev’s poem “If…”
Goal: to form ideas about the need to follow traffic rules.
3. Didactic game “Find a dangerous object”
Goal: to form children’s ideas about dangerous objects in everyday life.
4. Role-playing game “Chauffeurs”
Goal: to continue to form ideas about various transport, to consolidate the concept of “driver”
,
"passenger"
; teach to follow traffic rules.
5. Game situation “Who’s there?”
Goal: to teach not to open the door, not to say that you are home alone, not to give your address.
6. Conversation “Two-wheeled transport”
Goal: to introduce children to two-wheeled vehicles and the rules for safe movement on them.
7. Game situation “Close the tap more tightly - be careful with the water”
Goal: To familiarize children with the rules for using water in the house. Be careful when handling water.
8. Reading and discussion of the fairy tale “Kitten and Puppy”
Goal: to reinforce with children the rules of crossing the road. Foster a culture of behavior on the road.
9. Learning to evacuate.
Goal: to teach children not to panic during a fire alarm, to follow the teacher’s commands.
April
1. Reading and discussion “The Tale of Electric Current”
(I. Gurina)
Purpose: to form ideas about the rules of safe behavior at home: do not touch the sockets. Cultivate caution in children.
2. Reading the poem by Yu. Yakovlev “Soccer Ball”
.
Goal: continue to formulate rules of safe behavior.
3. Game situation “Someone else’s car”
Goal: continue to formulate rules for safe behavior with strangers.
4. Board game “Road Rules”
Goal: to consolidate the rules of the road, develop attention.
5. Conversation “Safe scooter”
Goal: to formulate rules for safe riding a scooter.
6. Games with a road layout.
Goal: to reinforce traffic rules
7. Conversation “Dogs can bite”
Goal: to form ideas about safe behavior with homeless people and pets.
8. Examination of illustrations on the theme “Train”
Goal: to form children’s ideas about various types of transport, about the railway, and the features of railway transport.
9. Learning to evacuate.
Goal: to teach children not to panic during a fire alarm, to follow the teacher’s commands.
May
1. Conversation “What is a thunderstorm and how is it dangerous”
Reading A. Barto “The Thunderstorm”
Goal: to form children’s ideas about danger during a thunderstorm. Rules of conduct during a thunderstorm.
2. Reading A. Dorokhov “Barrier”
Purpose: to introduce the features of railway transport, the “railway crossing”
.
3. Conversation “Is the sun friend or foe?”
Goal: to form children’s ideas about the dangers of sunstroke and measures to prevent it.
4. Drawing “Different Cars”
Goal: to consolidate ideas about various types of transport.
5. Didactic game “Find a dangerous object”
Goal: to form children’s ideas about dangerous objects in everyday life.
6. Riddles on traffic rules
Goal: to clarify children’s ideas about types of transport and traffic rules.
7. Quiz “Rules of safe behavior”
Goal: to consolidate the rules of safe behavior at home and in nature. Cultivate caution, vigilance, and a culture of behavior on the road.
8. Quiz on traffic rules “Children are supposed to know the rules of the road”
Goal: to consolidate the rules of behavior on the street, the meaning of some road signs, types and purposes of transport, rules for crossing the street.
“Formation of the fundamentals of safety in children of middle preschool age.”
Do not allow small children to observe heating appliances or use gas stoves.
Consultation for parents
"Fire is our friend, fire is our enemy"
In the modern world, no one is immune from social upheavals or natural disasters. Have you ever thought that children's pranks with matches and lighters can lead to a fire? Fire always occurs unexpectedly. It would seem that everything was fine just now, and suddenly a flame appears and suffocating smoke appears. But preventing fires is in our hands. Resolving this problem requires coordinated actions of teachers and parents. Children's attraction to fire and playing with matches is well known, although many children know about the dangers of such games and know how to distinguish between “good” and “evil” fire.
When discussing with your child the possible causes of fires, it is important to introduce him to fire safety measures, develop basic knowledge about the dangerous consequences of fires, and teach him how to handle fire carefully.
What to tell your child
“A long time ago, man learned to make fire and use the power of fire to warm himself, cook food, and make machines work. But at the same time, man also learned the destructive power of fire: people died in the flames, homes, crops, livestock, forests, entire villages and even cities burned.
Think and tell us what could cause a fire (faulty electrical appliances, an unextinguished cigarette butt, playing with matches and a lighter, firecrackers, an unplugged iron).
Electrical appliances are assistants in human life, and there are a lot of them in every apartment.
If you know how these devices work, explain or listen to the story.
Electric current runs through wires and makes all electrical appliances work. Electric current is our assistant. If it's not there, we won't be able to watch TV, blow-dry our hair, or listen to music. But electric current can be dangerous and even cause a fire.
Rules for using electrical appliances
— If you smell burning rubber, see a smoking wire, or notice that the socket or plug of the electrical cord is heating up during operation, immediately inform an adult about this and ask them to call a master electrician.
— Don’t forget to unplug electrical appliances. The cause of a fire can be our forgetfulness, inattention, and haste.
You probably know that there are substances that can easily catch fire. These are flammable liquids: gasoline, kerosene, oil. These substances should be kept away from fire as they may ignite instantly. It is impossible to extinguish burning oil, gasoline or kerosene with water; these liquids are lighter than water, so they continue to burn after floating to the surface of the water. What do you think can be used to extinguish them? They are extinguished with sand or a special mixture. People have come up with special devices - fire extinguishers, which are found in every institution, in transport, etc.
MAGAZINE Preschooler.RF
Formation of the fundamentals of life safety in play activities in children of middle preschool ageA. M. Elemenkina MADOU "Kindergarten "Solnyshko" of the Krasnochetaisky district of the Chuvash Republic
Annotation. The article discusses the conditions for the formation of the fundamentals of life safety in play activities in children of middle preschool age. Scientific research on this issue is analyzed. The features of the formation of the foundations of life safety in play activities in children of middle preschool age have been identified.
Key words: life safety, safe behavior, basics of life safety in play activities, middle preschool age.
The basis of human health is safe behavior. The experience of safe behavior is not given to the child initially, but is
the result of his training, education and self-development. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to the formation of the foundations of life safety in preschool age.
Middle preschool age is characterized by an increase in motor activity and an increase in the child’s physical capabilities, which, combined with increased curiosity and the desire for independence, often lead to the occurrence of traumatic situations. It is extremely important to create conditions in a preschool educational institution (DOU) and family that allow a 4-5 year old child to systematically gain experience in safe behavior.
It is necessary to highlight such rules of behavior that children must strictly follow, since their health and
safety. These rules should be explained in detail to children, and then
monitor their implementation. In addition, children may find themselves in unexpected situations on the street and at home, so the main task is to form the foundations of life safety in children of middle preschool age and stimulate their development of independence and responsibility for their actions. After all, everything that children are taught, they should be able to apply in their lives, in practice.
Issues of forming the foundations of life safety for children
middle preschool age are reflected in the scientific works of N. N. Avdeeva, L. P. Anastasova, K. Yu. Belaya, G. K. Zaitsev, V. N. Zimonina, O. L. Knyazeva, L. A. Kondrykinskaya, I Yu. Matasova, R. B. Sterkina, L. G. Tatarnikova, L. F. Tikhomirova, T. G. Khromtsova, etc.
In recent years, the problem of the basic safety of children's lives
preschool age is reflected in methodological literature and educational programs for preschool educational institutions ( "Childhood" , "Rainbow" , "Origins" , "Fundamentals of the safety of preschool children" ). They, along with the traditional tasks of protecting and promoting health, put forward the requirement for the child to develop knowledge and safety skills.
Pedagogical conditions act as a necessary component in the formation of the foundations of life safety in children of middle preschool age, and allow for an improvement in its quality. A subject-spatial developmental environment should serve the interests of children, enrich the development of safe behavior experience in children of middle preschool age, provide a zone of proximal development, encourage them to make informed choices, and shape the personal qualities of preschoolers and their life experiences.
In the educational process of a preschool institution, games and situational simulations are widely used as methods of consolidating knowledge about the rules of safe behavior and developing appropriate skills.
In the process of purposeful work to enrich knowledge about life safety rules, children gradually understand their meaning. Children begin to identify sources of danger, ways to handle potentially dangerous objects, and understand the need to take precautions - an excellent opportunity. The emotional experiences that children experience during play help them evaluate and comprehend the situation and form an optimal behavior algorithm.
The advantage of using games in enriching knowledge about life safety rules in children of middle preschool age, as a component of the experience of safe behavior, is manifested in the following:
- every child is as active as possible;
- there is an opportunity to differentiate and systematize children’s knowledge;
- maintain a stable interest of preschoolers in this activity and a positive emotional background
The game develops free communication between a child and an adult and between children in the process of mastering ways of safe behavior, helping each other, and rules of behavior in standard or dangerous situations. Formation of primary value ideas about health and a healthy lifestyle, mastering generally accepted norms and rules of relationships with adults and peers in the context of safe behavior.
In play, the child develops as a personality. By imitating the actions of his elders, he becomes involved in the life around him. Various skills acquired by the child are transferred to the game. The advantage of gaming methods and teaching techniques is that they arouse increased interest and positive emotions in children. The use of game attributes makes preschoolers want to play and activates their mental processes.
Thus, security is the most important need, the satisfaction of which is a necessary condition for normal existence and development and is formed through certain organizational forms, stable structures of social interactions, and joint activities.
Literature:
- Belaya, K. Yu. How to ensure the safety of preschoolers: lesson notes on the basics of safety for preschool children / K. Yu. Belaya, V. N. Zimonina, L. V. Kutsakova, etc. - Moscow: Academy, 2012. 15 p. .
- Timofeeva, L.L. Formation of a safety culture in children from 3 to 8 years old [Text] / L.L. Timofeeva. Directory of senior educators. - 2015. - No. 7. – 3-15 s.
- Uruntaeva, G. A. Specifics of the didactic game [Text] / G. A. Uruntaeva // Preschool education. – 2021. – No. 2. – 8-15 p.
- Khromtsova, T. G. Education of safe behavior in the everyday life of preschool children [Text]: textbook / T. G. Khromtsova. – Moscow: Pedagogical Society of Russia, 2011. – 80 p.
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