Application “House” in the middle group: playing with an image familiar to children

Preparing for an application on the theme “Home”

In the middle group, the preparation of materials for the application is carried out exclusively by the teacher. It is he who cuts out paper blanks for children in advance and selects other details. So, for the theme “Home” you will need the following materials:

1. The basis is A4 paper (traditionally white, but to create a night or evening composition you can use black or dark blue cardboard). Of course, if collective work is planned, then the teacher prepares a large base - a sheet of Whatman paper, tinting it in certain colors (for example, sky and grass, asphalt, etc.).
2. Directly details for applique. These are blanks for the wall of the house (a large rectangle or square), the roof (also a rectangle or square), a window (a strip that the children will cut into pieces or ready-made parts), doors, pipes (the last two elements appear at the request of the teacher). An interesting idea is to use not plain paper as a blank for the wall of the house, but pages of old glossy magazines with bright pictures. And for a night composition, an ordinary newspaper is also great (against a dark background it will look very unusual). You can also use paper with patterns. Often the reverse side of ordinary colored paper is decorated in this way.
3. Other materials needed: glue, glue brushes, scissors, oilcloths, napkins.

Blanks can be made not only from ordinary colored paper, but also from patterned paper, glossy magazines and even newspapers

The teacher can offer preschoolers such unusual materials as cotton wool, cotton pads, napkins, sequins, foil, and confetti. For example, using halves of cotton pads, you can create an original design for the snow-covered roofs of houses and the snowdrifts near them. You can use confetti or shiny sequins to designate snowflakes.

To make the composition more original, the teacher can offer children unusual materials, for example, halves of cotton pads and ready-made foil snowflakes

But it’s still too early for middle school students to make houses out of pasta, straw, and cereals. This activity requires perseverance, fairly developed fine motor skills and is more suitable for older preschool age.

Animal applications for children under 3 years old

For very young children, flat animal applications made from geometric shapes - circles, ovals, triangles, rectangles and squares - are suitable. At the same time, this will allow you to get acquainted with these figures in a playful way and learn how to work with them.

Before working with your child, all elements should already be cut out of paper. It is advisable to show the child a drawing of the finished application and, naming the figures on it, invite him to choose similar figures from several different ones. Draw the child's attention to the importance of color.

Next, tell us in what order you need to assemble the applique and show how to apply the glue correctly. You need to start working with animals that are well known to the child, for example, a dog, a cat or a bird.

In the future, it will be possible to offer the creation of images of other domestic and then wild animals. It is important to focus the baby’s attention on the distinctive features of each animal that make it recognizable.

For younger children, the application should consist of large parts and a small number of elements, so that children do not lose interest in the process.

Theme options

Appliqué at home is traditionally offered to middle school students in November. The theme according to the program is designated as “Big House” (two or three floors). But the teacher can slightly modify the key image:

1. "Village house"
2. “The house where I live” (the child creates an image of his own house - private or apartment).
3. “House on the Hill” (especially if children live in the corresponding area).
4. “Snow-covered house” (winter applique).
5. “Cat House” or “Teremok” (based on a fairy tale).

In addition, the composition can be collective - “Houses of our city (village).”

Children can make appliqué on separate sheets of paper, which are then combined into a collective panel

Video: New Year's application “Snow-covered houses”

Paper animal applications step by step

Children in the middle group can be asked to make an applique of the following domestic and wild animals from scratch:

cat

You can offer to make a cat for the youngest children who are just learning to work with scissors.

First, you need to invite the child to choose the color of the future cat and draw on paper of that color a head - a circle, a body - an oval, ears - triangles, paws - elongated rectangles and a tail - an arc.

Then you need to cut them out and assemble them into a finished animal on a sheet of thick paper or cardboard. In conclusion, draw the muzzle.

Piglet

The piglet is made in the same way as a cat. But for recognition, in addition to the pink color, the body needs to be made thicker and more voluminous, and the legs thinner and smaller. They should end in hooves.

You need to glue a white or red circle - a snout - onto the muzzle, and make the tail curl. Older children can make this voluminous craft from rolled paper.

Dog

For small children, it is better to print out a dog template. The animal on it can be of any breed, in full face or profile, or just a close-up portrait. You just need to follow the rule - the smaller the child, the larger the parts.

The template must be cut into separate parts, traced around them like patterns on paper of the desired color and cut out. Then glue the cut out parts onto a sheet of thick paper or cardboard and draw a face, eyes and mustache.

Cow

The youngest children need to be given ready-made parts for gluing. Older children can draw them according to a template and cut them out themselves, as well as make a composition of several cows grazing in a meadow.

We need to draw children's attention to the fact that one of the most recognizable features of a cow is its large contrasting spots.

Lion cub

For the lion cub you will need yellow and orange paper, plastic eyes and a template. You need to trace according to the template on yellow paper and cut everything out according to the template. Then cut a wide strip from the orange one and cut it crosswise into narrow “noodles”, not cutting through the strip all the way.

Next, take a circle of yellow paper that will serve as the head, and stick a cut strip of “noodles” onto it around the perimeter on the back side. Glue the lion cub's tail to a piece of cardboard first, then the body, front paws and finally the head. Glue on the eyes, draw a muzzle and mustache.

Penguin

The little penguin is suitable for children of the middle group. To create it you will need black, white and orange paper. From black you need to cut out a large oval for the body and elongated triangles for the wings.

From white - a small oval for the chest and a circle for the head. The orange one has a triangular beak and flippers. All parts must be well glued to the base.

Dragon

To make a dragon you will need green and some yellow paper. On the red one you need to draw 4 large circles using a template and cut them out. Then fold each circle in half and cut. And fold each half in half, the colored side inward.

Glue together quartered circles in pairs to form a book. Glue it with the “cover” pages to a sheet of paper. The result is the body of a dragon. Using the template, draw and cut out a head with a neck and a tail from red paper. Glue them on opposite sides of the body.

Using the neck template, draw and cut out a semicircular strip from yellow paper. To turn it into the comb of our dragon, cut out the cloves in its upper part. Cut out several yellow circles.

Glue the comb to the neck, and the circles all over the dragon's body, including the neck and tail. Draw the eyes and teeth of the dragon.

How to motivate children to be creative

An important part of a teacher’s job is to create motivation for creativity in preschoolers. Of course, in the middle group, game characters are actively used for this. For example, Dunno (a doll) appears in the group and reports that in his Flower City he learned to drive a car and broke many houses. His friends are offended by him, and the hero asks the guys to help build new beautiful buildings.

Dunno comes to the guys and says that he broke almost all the houses in Flower City when he was learning to drive a car.

Another option is that a sad boy Vanya (also a doll) comes to the preschoolers. He says that when he grows up, he really wants to become a builder - to build large brick houses. In the meantime, he would like to make houses out of paper, but he doesn’t know how.

You can start the lesson with a riddle about builders:

• Among the clouds on high, We are building a new house together, So that the people in it can live happily in warmth and beauty.

Then the teacher briefly talks with the children about this profession, emphasizes its importance, and asks the children who would like to build houses in the future.

If the lesson is based on the fairy tale “Cat House” or “Teremok”, then you need to remember the content of the work with the children, read out especially important points, and show illustrations. And watching a cartoon or a fragment of it will definitely inspire kids to get creative.

If the lesson is based on a fairy tale, you need to remember its content and look at the illustrations

Video: cartoon “Cat House” (1958)

Video: cartoon “Terem-Teremok” (1971)

You can first take your children on an excursion to nearby houses, especially if a new house is being built nearby.

Table: finger gymnastics “House”

Table: finger gymnastics “I want to build a house”

Table: physical education

Preparatory stage

Even in the younger group, the teacher involved the kids in preparing the classes. Then these were tasks at the “Take and bring” level. In the middle group, children gradually become “participants” in creating the necessary conditions for work. That is, their participation should concern not only organizational issues, but also the direct preparation of materials and blanks for application.

Application is one of the favorite activities for children in kindergarten.

What appliqué techniques can be used?

Before deciding on the scope of children’s responsibilities for preparing an appliqué lesson, let’s get a clear idea of ​​what crafts techniques they are already familiar with. So, at 4–5 years old, children can perform 6 types of applications:

• invoice - parts are cut out of colored paper and glued to the background;
• torn - colored paper is torn into small pieces, which fill the space of the template on the base;
• mosaic - the contours of the figures on the base are filled with confetti, cereal or pasta, as well as plasticine, cotton wool;
• ribbon - the figures are cut out according to the principle of a round dance: all the parts are the same and are connected to each other by some elements;
• silhouette - shapes are cut out along the contour on the base, then a backing is applied to highlight the silhouettes. This type of applique is not often used in kindergarten, because the participation of children, due to the complexity of the technology, is limited only to connecting the base with the substrate;
• collage - cut out pictures are pasted onto the base. Despite the apparent simplicity, it is not easy for kids to master the technology of carefully cutting out parts, as well as harmoniously creating the overall composition of the collage

If you come up with an original background and material, then even a simple applied applique, which kids are familiar with from the younger group, will turn into a new and interesting task

What can children 4–5 years old do?

Based on the list of techniques for performing applications, it is clear what actions children in the middle group can perform independently:

• cut out large and medium-sized elements with scissors, and also do it symmetrically;
• create simple figures from plasticine based on “balls”, “pancakes” and “sausages”;
• tear up pieces of paper;
• work with glue (liquid PVA or in a stick), dose its amount on the surfaces that need to be joined;
• handle different materials for applique (cut dry leaves, bend and unbend thin cardboard, lay out cereals within the contour, etc.).

The more elements in the application, the simpler they should be in execution

Materials

Having chosen the technique, the teacher selects materials to complete the application. For the “Home” craft it could be:

• colored paper (of different densities, since kids already have an idea of ​​​​working with thin cardboard and regular colored paper);
• pieces of fabric (the teacher prepares such parts, but the kids will already be able to glue large pieces of fabric correctly and evenly);
• plasticine (windows can be made from plasticine, showing the window frames with lines);
• natural materials (leaves, chestnuts, etc. for decorating the front garden);
• pasta, cereals, cotton wool - materials for filling large application spaces;
• pencils, felt-tip pens, paints (if you need to complement the background with other elements, for example, clouds, sun).

Additional tools and accessories

In addition to the necessary paper, glue and brushes, you need to prepare:

• wet wipes to remove excess glue from the base and to clean your fingers;
• small work tablecloths to keep your work area clean;
• scissors.

In order for the work to be a pleasure, the baby must have all the necessary accessories to complete the applique.

To make the craft look original, think about how to use elements such as:

• corrugated paper (to show the relief of a tiled roof, you only need a triangle of this material);
• cotton wool or cotton pads (looks beautiful when decorating a roof or garden plot during the snowy season);
• sequins (to imitate snow, if we are depicting a house in winter), braid (to show a fence), candy wrappers, for example, for the front door, etc. Please note that these details are used only if children no longer have problems identifying , which figure symbolizes which element of the building, i.e. the main goal of the lesson has been fulfilled.

How to motivate to work during an applique class on the topic “Home”

Another important stage in preparing an application lesson is motivation. Kids, like a car engine, need to be started so that they do the job smoothly and efficiently. To do this, the teacher’s arsenal must include different types of work that fit the theme of a particular lesson, which can be used one at a time or in different combinations.

How to Organize a Conversation

This is interesting. The famous teacher, philosopher, author of an original method of child development, Maria Montessori, spoke about the importance of talking with a child like this: “Talk with your child as much as possible about everything and everywhere - at home, on the street, on the road. Your conversations, stories and discussions are more important than any teaching aid.”

Not a single type of activity can do without this, especially since it works on the development of speech - a key competence of a preschooler. The most convenient form of conversation is short questions that require as brief answers as possible. For example, if the location of the kindergarten allows: “If you look into the yard, what do you see? That’s right, home!” Or: “Where does the mouse live? And the bear? Birdie? Where do you guys live?” You need to lead the conversation so that the answer is the word “house”.

A short dramatization, for example, of the fairy tale “Teremok” can be an excellent motivation.

Images

This is the next stage, logically following from the previous one. There are different types of houses, so you can see their types in the pictures.

Looking at the drawings will give the child an understanding of what houses look like and who they are intended for.

Poems and songs

The guys are happy to get involved in working with rhyming lines and a memorable motive - they repeat, perform the simplest movements to them. One classic “Cat House” is worth it! Kids enjoy watching who comes to visit the cat's new home, saying words for almost all the characters.

• The house we live in is located around the corner. It is large, multi-story, with a new elevator, very important! He wears a dashing hat, taller than all the neighboring houses! On top is a round antenna In a web of wires, A hundred people and a hundred cats live in it at the same time! - Hey hello! - I meet the house, raising my head up, He shakes the roof in response: - Good morning, Yaroslav!
• Here is a square, a triangle, it turns out to be a whole house! We'll put a cat in it, he'll have fun! Here is a flower on the windowsill, a tea table on the balcony. Next to the house there is a garage, a booth and our dog;
• The deer has a big house, He looks out of his window. A bunny runs across the field and knocks on his door! Knock-knock open the door, there’s an evil hunter in the forest, bunny-bunny, run your paw over to me
  The deer quickly opened the door, let the bunny into his house, bunny, bunny, run your paw over to me. oh, oh, I’m scared, something doesn’t feel right, my heart sank into my heels and didn’t go away

  Don’t tremble, my little bunny, I looked out my window, an angry hunter ran away, sit for a while. Yes, let me sit, I’m not trembling anymore, my fear has passed, you’re a good friend.

Fairy tales

This method of motivating children can be considered universal, since fairy tales can be told both at the beginning of the lesson and during the process of completing the application (to keep the kids interested in the results of the work).

Tale of Iris Review “Smile at Home” with questions for conversation - table

Scheme for drawing up lesson notes

It is important to clearly formulate the goals and objectives of the application lesson. To complete the “Home” craft, the following educational areas can be identified as goal-setting areas:

• continued work on consolidating knowledge about the simplest geometric figures, as well as the first steps to transform them into each other;
• creating conditions for teaching children to see a three-dimensional image behind a picture or oral story;
• developing the ability to recreate a figurative representation of a specific object on a reduced scale;
• nurturing a sense of proportion and aesthetic taste.

Lesson objectives:

• learning to put together a whole image from parts - geometric shapes;
• strengthening the skills of cutting paper into strips in a straight line;
• continuing to work on neatly cutting corners;
• repetition of the rules for gluing parts onto the base;
• nurturing a sense of proportion when working with different materials within one application.

In order for children to enjoy the application, the teacher must carefully plan every minute of the lesson. An approximate timing can be represented as follows:

1. Introduction (implementation of the motivating component - 5–7 minutes).
2. The main part (work on the application - about 18 minutes, including a break for finger exercises and physical education).
3. Summing up (5-6 minutes for self-assessment of work and praise from the teacher).

The first and last stages are given at intervals so that, depending on the level of preparation of the children, the teacher can correctly combine other types of activities. So, for children with weak abilities, more time needs to be devoted to motivation than to summing up the results, and for children who immediately get involved in the work, on the contrary, the final stage is the most important in the entire lesson.

For variety, the house can be made for a specific character from popular cartoons or games

Example of a lesson summary for the middle group: Panchekhina Svetlana “Big House” – table

Photo gallery of children's works

Traditional house complemented by a chimney on the roof

Two-story houses are made according to the same scheme - two rectangles (floors), a triangular roof and yellow windows

The composition is made on an unusual black background, and the snow is made using a broken method

Children draw window elements with a pencil

Children glue their photographs to each window; the sun and flowers on the trees are made from wads of napkins.

In a three-story house, the roof and door are in harmony in color

Application based on a famous fairy tale - in the windows of the little house the children draw animal faces

By cutting out a house from paper, middle group students consolidate their understanding of the shape of surrounding objects and expand their horizons. The teacher can play on this topic using game motivation, offering the children unusual materials for work and some non-standard techniques.

Volumetric animal applications

There are several ways to make a three-dimensional paper applique:

1. Strip applique. To use this method, you need to glue the animal’s body together from narrow strips, like a flashlight. And glue a paper head, legs and tail to it. You can make a whole exhibition of works on such an application in the senior group - for example, on the topic “Animals of the North”. You can invite children to make one of the following animals: deer, wolf, polar bear or owl.
2. Cone applique. Cone-based applications are perfect for developing children's imagination. For example, for children in the preparatory group, you can suggest a theme for the application “Animals of hot countries.” Children can make a tiger, lion, giraffe, elephant or crocodile. The cone can act as a head, torso, or any other part of the body. For younger children, the cutting of the cone should already be ready, and a sample should be provided for copying.
3. Cylinder applique. The scheme is the same as in the previous versions, but this craft is easier to make. Plus, absolutely any animal can be made this way.

Fabric animal appliques

Fabric appliqués are usually used as decoration for clothing or other textiles. They can be made by older children who are familiar with the technique of sewing by machine or by hand.

The principle of operation is the same as for paper, except that such an applique is sewn on rather than glued, and when working with loose fabrics it is necessary to overcast the edge.

The design is transferred to dark fabrics not with a pencil, but with a piece of soap. You can use contrasting threads to “draw” the face or highlight the outline of the animal. The child will be happy to wear something decorated with his own hands.

Animal leaf appliques

In this type of application, the selection of material is important. It is best to store leaves in the fall - then there is an opportunity to collect material of various shades, especially warm tones. The leaves need to be straightened and placed between the pages of a large format book.

They must remain there until completely dry, otherwise the leaves will curl. It is better to collect leaves together with children, simultaneously explaining to them where each tree is and telling them about them.

Working with leaves is practically no different from working with paper, except that dry leaves are quite fragile and they do not stick well. Application of leaves develops the child's imagination.

He learns about the properties of natural materials and learns to work with them, compares the shape and color of various objects.

Applications of animals from cotton wool

Cotton wool is a good material for applique, perfectly conveying animal hair. To work with it, children need to draw the outline of an animal.

It needs to be filled with cotton wool close to the texture of the fur of a particular animal: for a sheep - with lumps, for a dog - with narrow hanging strips, etc. If desired, this “wool” can be painted.

It is quite possible to simply cut out some of the elements from paper and stick them on.