Cultural development of Moscow
Moscow had the status of capital until 1712, after which Peter I assigned it to St. Petersburg. It was returned only after 1917. But during this time Moscow continued to develop in all directions. Moscow State University (MSU) was opened with the direct participation of the great scientist M.V. Lomonosov. Two gymnasiums appeared - one for the children of the nobility, and the second for the children of commoners and merchants.
The War of 1812 brought great grief to the residents of Moscow, when the city was completely destroyed by fire. However, after the victory of the Russian army over Napoleon's army, it was restored. Thus, Moscow again became a cultural and economic center.
Today, part of the ancient city is located in the very center of the capital. It includes historical buildings, estates and other objects. On the territory of the Kremlin there are religious buildings that are known all over the world: the Arkhangelsk, Annunciation and Assumption Cathedrals.
There are more than 60 theaters, about 100 museums, 75 higher educational institutions, and galleries in the metropolis. More than 4,000 libraries operate for Muscovites and guests of the capital, including the famous “Leninka” (Lenin Library).
The Moscow transport system is unique, which includes railway stations, airports, public transport, and the metro. Some metro stations are architectural monuments. The metro continues to develop and opens new stations for passengers every year.
The Moscow government is doing everything possible to ensure a comfortable stay for Muscovites and guests of the capital. The infrastructure is developing and the city is becoming more modern and practical.
Attractions
Moscow is a huge city and it is impossible to see all the sights in one day. There are a large number of beautiful and significant places in the capital: ancient monuments, museums, parks and beautiful places:
- The main attraction of the capital is Red Square and the Kremlin. The territory of the Moscow Kremlin is surrounded by a high red brick wall and towers. On the largest tower, which is called Spasskaya, there is a clock. Inside there are churches, museums, monuments, as well as buildings where the Russian President and government work. Here is the Tsar Bell and the Tsar Cannon. They have this name because of their huge size.
- An equally significant attraction is the Alexander Garden. It is located next to the Kremlin. This is a very beautiful park, divided into 3 zones. The park has cozy alleys, beautiful lighting and benches for relaxation. Its construction began during the restoration of Moscow after the fire.
- VDNH is a huge exhibition complex. Every tourist who comes to Moscow visits it. There are museums, exhibitions, and various exhibition pavilions on the territory. Cultural and entertainment events are regularly held there. People come here to visit Europe's largest aquarium and center for the study of seas and oceans.
- The Ostankino TV tower has 45 floors. Excursions to it are conducted by experienced guides who tell interesting facts about the history of the creation of this attraction. Inside you can buy drinks and look at Moscow from above. Tourists from all over the world flock here every year.
- The history of the largest department store (GUM) began in the 18th century. At that time, shopping centers opened on Red Square on the site of modern GUM. In Soviet times, this store was considered the most important in the country. Today, famous world brands present their products in GUM.
- Arbat is the central city street. It is she who conveys the entire unique atmosphere of the city. People walk along it, street musicians play instruments and sing, and artists present their work to the public. Many famous people of our country once lived and worked here.
There are many observation platforms in the capital. You need to visit at least one to see Moscow from a bird's eye view. The most popular is Vorobyovy Gory. It is located next to Moscow State University. A visit to this site leaves an indelible impression of viewing the beauty of the city.
Founding of the capital
Moscow is a huge, beautiful city with a special atmosphere, a unique past and centuries-old traditions. Every day a large number of people from different cities and countries come to it to study and work, as well as to see the sights.
Today Moscow is the capital of Russia. It was first mentioned in 1147 as the village of Moscow. According to ancient chronicles, Grand Duke Yuri Dolgoruky ordered the small settlement, which was located on a hill where two rivers - the Moscow River and Neglinka - merged, to be surrounded by a high wooden wall (city). He surrounded the wall with a deep ditch and nicknamed this place Moscow City.
The founding of the city had a positive effect on the inhabitants. It was very conveniently located, since major trade routes passed through it. This contributed to the further growth and development of Moscow.
By decision of Prince Ivan Kalita, Moscow became the capital of Rus' in 1328. By this time, the city's territory had become larger and the population had increased significantly.
Prince Dmitry Donskoy ordered the demolition of the old wooden walls and erected new ones made of white stone instead. From that moment on, Moscow began to be called White Stone.
