Mnemonics. Reference pictures, mnemonic tables in the senior group

Senior group. Senior preschool age. Children 5-6 years old

Summary of educational activities for speech development in the senior group “Memorizing a poem using mnemonic tables” Age group: senior group. Goal: To introduce children to a new poem. Objectives: 1. To develop the ability to memorize poetry using a mnemonic table . 2. Develop attention, memory, and coherent speech in children by memorizing a poem by heart, using mnemonics . 3….

Notes for a lesson on speech development “Descriptive story based on a picture-graphic diagram” in the senior group Notes for a lesson on speech development “Descriptive story based on a picture-graphic diagram ” in the senior group. Goal: to form coherent speech. Objectives: educational: - learn to compose a short descriptive story based on a picture-graphic diagram ; - activate...

Mnemotables “Favorite Tales”

Good day! I really love doing theatrical activities with my students. In addition to performing at holidays and in theater productions, it is very important that group rooms have the necessary conditions for the development of children's creative potential. I present to you cards - mnemonic tables.

A mnemonic table is one of the most popular and effective techniques (mnemonics) that can be used to facilitate the process of memorizing and reproducing information by preschoolers, developing thinking and speech. In my mnemonic tables, there are sequential images in which the content of fairy tales is encrypted. When an adult listens to a fairy tale, the child remembers it not only by ear, but also by visual perception. He can retell a familiar fairy tale.

On the back of the cards I placed the fairy tale itself in the form of text. It is intended for a teacher, if suddenly he is not familiar with this fairy tale or has forgotten some details.

I took pictures of fairy tales from the Internet, but mainly from this site: https://www.detiam.com/

Next, I want to offer my colleagues the opportunity to use my work.
Wolf and 7 kids. Table DOCX / 2.8 MB Wolf and 7 kids. Text DOCX / 14.18 KB Zayushkina's hut. Text DOCX / 14.93 Kb Zayushkina's hut. Table DOCX / 2.8 MB Kolobok. Table DOCX / 4.27 MB Kolobok. Text DOCX / 19.28 Kb Who said meow. Suteev. Table DOCX / 22.51 KB Who said meow. Suteev. Text DOCX / 753.89 Kb Chicken Ryaba. DOCX table / 3.65 MB Chicken Ryaba. Text DOCX / 12.63 Kb Chanterelle with a rolling pin. Table DOCX / 796.68 KB Chanterelle with a rolling pin. Text DOCX / 17.42 KB Little fox-sister. Table DOCX / 542.95 KB Little fox-sister. Text DOCX / 16.21 KB Masha and the Bear. Table DOCX / 687.65 Kb Masha and the Bear. Text DOCX / 17.88 KB Comb cockerel. Table DOCX / 774.23 Kb Comb cockerel. Text DOCX / 18.04 Kb Under the mushroom. Suteev. Text DOCX / 17.19 Kb Under the mushroom. DOCX table / 1.01 MB Turnip. DOCX table / 5.51 MB Turnip. Text DOCX / 14.51 KB Teremok. Table DOCX / 605.37 KB Teremok. Text DOCX / 16.55 Kb Three kittens. Suteev. Text DOCX / 18.4 Kb Three kittens. Table DOCX / 539.71 Kb Three bears. Table DOCX / 706.85 Kb Three bears. Text DOCX / 16.98 Kb The Three Little Pigs. Table DOCX / 1.1 MB Three Little Pigs. Text DOCX / 24.51 Kb Chicken and duckling. Suteev. Text DOCX / 17 Kb Chicken and duckling. DOCX table / 577.2 KB

Common speech problems in preschool children

In most cases, girls and boys of preschool age should already be able to fully operate with synonyms and a variety of images, describe all current events, using vivid, but at the same time grammatically correct word forms. But, unfortunately, not all preschoolers can boast of such skills. Most children face various speech problems:

• Inability to compose long, complex sentences - the child’s speech consists exclusively of simple, laconic sentences.
• The child cannot independently formulate a logically correct and complete sentence.
• Systematic use of non-literary vocabulary.
• Minimal, poor vocabulary that does not correspond to the child’s age category.
• A preschooler cannot independently formulate questions and answer questions posed.
• Poor level of diction.
• A preschooler cannot draw correct logical conclusions and statements.

To correct such speech defects, mnemonics are often used, which have become widespread among many specialists.

Mnemonics for preschoolers “Mnemotables for words”

Mnemonics for preschoolers “Mnemotables for words”

Mnemonics is a set of rules and techniques that facilitate the process of memorizing information.
The use of mnemonics in preschool age occupies a large place. In order to develop certain skills and abilities in children from a very early age, so-called mnemonic tables are introduced into the educational process (diagrams; in kindergartens, algorithms for the processes of washing, dressing, setting tables, caring for indoor plants, etc. are often used. In their developmental classes to improve the cognitive sphere, I use “Mnemotables for words” (mushroom, cup, winter, autumn, etc.).

This helps solve the following learning tasks:

1. Development of coherent speech;

2. Converting abstract symbols into images (transcoding information);

3. Development of fine motor skills of the hands;

4. Development of basic mental processes - visual-spatial memory, attention, figurative and verbal-logical thinking; helps to master the techniques of memorization and composing stories.

Working with the mnemonic table:

1. Consideration of the mnemonic table.

2. Recoding of information.

3. Reproducing the table from memory.

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Areas of use of mnemonic tables

Mnemonic tables for the formation and development of coherent speech (developmental and educational) are images of textual information that is previously divided into groups of words in sequential order. There is one illustration for each group of words. Thanks to such a schematic sketch of information, the baby easily perceives it, remembering everything without much effort.

Using mnemonic tables for speech development, the following is carried out:

• Memorizing fairy tales or rhymes. Young children take part with great interest in educational games based on fairy tales they know. At home, you can invite your child to tell a story to his favorite toy, using a series of pictures. You can also draw a mnemonic table together, depicting the heroes of events with your own invented symbols, for example, a triangle is a person, a wavy line is a cloud in the sky. Thus, not only the formation of coherent speech occurs, but also the active development of imagination and fantasy with the manifestation of the hidden creative abilities of children.

• Learning general rules, such as how to brush your teeth correctly. The diagrams depict the sequence of all manipulations that are easily perceived and remembered.

• Compiling stories describing objects, events, pets, etc. Focusing on pictures that answer basic questions: who is it, what color is it, what sounds does it make, what does it like to eat, etc., children can create a consistent description.

• Working on a retelling. After reading the text, the most difficult words are highlighted, the meaning of which must be explained to the child. After the explanations, a conversation should be held on the entire content of the text with a demonstration of drawings from the mnemonic table. A joint retelling using pictures will allow the child to quickly remember information and tell the story he heard himself.

• Solving riddles. With the help of mnemonic tables, children learn to identify an exact object, focusing on its characteristics. At the first stage, it is necessary to explain to the child everything that is depicted in each picture, and only after that offer to independently guess the encrypted object.

Speech therapy classes on the development of coherent speech using a variety of mnemonic diagrams involve memorizing and deciphering the plot illustrations given in the table. The type and thematic content of mnemonic tables can be different; execution can be printed (Doman cards) or made by hand. Cards for speech development in the first lessons should be small with light storylines; it is recommended to place 3-4 of them in one row, in this position they are easier to perceive.

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Learning poems with children of senior preschool age using mnemonic tables.

Mnemonics is a system of various techniques that facilitate memorization and increase memory capacity by forming additional associations. Such techniques are especially important for preschoolers, since mental problems are solved with the predominant role of external means, and visual material is absorbed better than verbal material.

Mnemonic tables are diagrams that contain certain information. Mastering the techniques of working with mnemonic tables significantly reduces training time and at the same time solves problems aimed at:

— development of basic mental processes - memory, attention, imaginative thinking;

- recoding of information, i.e. transforming abstract symbols into images;

— development of fine motor skills of the hands with partial or complete graphic reproduction.

Mnemonic tables serve as didactic material in the development of coherent speech in children, for enriching vocabulary, when teaching how to compose stories, retellings, guessing riddles, and memorizing poetry.

The goal is to develop visual and auditory memory, to activate the vocabulary on a specific lexical topic.

When using visual modeling in our work, we teach children:

- obtain information, conduct research, make comparisons, draw up a clear internal plan for mental actions and speech statements;

- formulate and express judgments, draw conclusions;

- the use of visual modeling has a positive effect on the development of non-speech processes: attention, memory, thinking.

Using supporting drawings to teach memorizing poems captivates children and turns the activity into a game.

This method is most effective for older preschoolers. Since, in preschool age, visual-figurative memory predominates and memorization is involuntary. The visual image that the child retains after listening, accompanied by viewing the drawings, allows him to remember the text much faster.

At the first stage, you should select supporting pictures for the poem for each line. Pictures should be bright and recognizable. When reading a poem, the pictures are placed on a magnetic board. After reading, children reproduce the poem using reference pictures.

The peculiarity of the method is that it uses symbols rather than images of objects, which makes it much easier for children to find and memorize words, since the symbols are as close as possible to the speech material.

Stages of working on a poem:

1. The teacher reads the poem expressively.
2. Informs that the child will learn this poem by heart.
3. Then he reads the poem again using the mnemonic table.
4. The teacher asks questions about the content of the poem, helping the child understand the main idea.
5. The teacher finds out which words are incomprehensible to the child and explains their meaning in a form accessible to the child.
6. The teacher reads each line of the poem separately. The child repeats it using a mnemonic table.
7. The child recites a poem based on a mnemonic table.

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Mnemonic tables for children of the middle and senior groups “Seasons and their phenomena”

Mnemonic tables for memorizing poems in the senior group
Brief description: A visual and didactic guide to technology - a mnemonic table for better memorization of information and memorization of poems “The Seasons and Their Phenomena” for children of middle and senior preschool age. Purpose of the material: the manuals can be used by educators, speech therapists, defectologists, and parents and children for independent work. Equipment: 4 cards with a poem and a mnemonic table “Winter” (L. Khovanskaya), “Spring” (V. Lunina), “Summer” (E. Erato), “Autumn” (M. Khodyakova). 4 cards with a mnemonic table in cards with words and 1 empty for children to work independently “Winter”, “Spring”, “Summer”, “Autumn” (cut the cards. After memorizing the poems, let the child arrange the cards in the correct sequence) Purpose: To introduce the children with the seasons and their phenomena. Memorize a poem. Objectives: • Memorizing a poem;
• Learn to recode information from visual to abstract and vice versa; • Build a logical chain of events and reproduce the story in the correct order (beginning - middle - ending); • Enrich vocabulary; • Development of thinking; • Development of imagination; • Learn to rely on pictures to create descriptive elements and recite a poem by heart. Technology for working with mnemonic tables:

- examining the table and analyzing the symbols depicted on it; — recoding information (converting symbols into images); - retelling of the poem by the teacher based on symbols (the initial stage of working with mnemonic tables), by children together with the teacher or by the children themselves.

The image has been reduced. Click to see original.

The image has been reduced. Click to see original.

The image has been reduced. Click to see original.

The image is reduced.
Click to see original. Children can also work independently with cards:

The image has been reduced. Click to see original.

The image has been reduced. Click to see original.

The image has been reduced. Click to see original.

The image has been reduced. Click to see original.

The image has been reduced. Click to see original.

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