Teaching a future schoolchild to count within 10 is the first step towards mental counting. It is important that the child remembers the processes of all calculations, as the elders do. The second stage consists of mastering basic calculation methods. The advantage here is no longer the arbitrary receipt of ready-made answers from memories, but the awareness and memorization of methods of addition and subtraction in numbers. How to teach a child to count examples within 10, what game techniques can be used for better learning?
Learning to solve examples up to 10
In order to learn to count correctly and instantly, you need to constantly solve examples. To calculate and memorize in the initial stages, emphasis should be placed on the child’s thinking based on visual images. This is where the problem arises: children often do not grasp mathematical concepts. The solution will be practical actions with real-life examples.
Learning to count
Teachers use three main methods to teach numeracy:
- Based on the principle of knowing the numerical composition
- Memorize tables of operations, including division and multiplication.
- Use special techniques to get results.
Let's consider all the methods in order.
Subtraction examples with pictures
The principle of knowing the composition
Preparation should begin with learning the basics of mathematics. When telling the child, you need to explain that each number is a group with a given number of elements.
Composition of numbers to remember
Important! It's not enough to count to five. Make sure you offer to show five fingers, place five candies on the table, or draw five circles on a piece of paper.
It is necessary to connect the number and fairy-tale characters or other objects familiar to the student:
- One turnip.
- There are two sides to a coin.
- Three Bears.
- Four cardinal directions.
- Five fingers on the baby's hand.
It is important to accustom the child to a picture connected with all the elements. It is necessary to play mathematical dominoes. To do this, you need to take ten cubes with an edge size of 1.5-2 cm, standing in a box. Lego parts will also work. If there are no suitable items, you can print other aids.
Based on knowledge of the composition, the child can decide whether to add or subtract. For example, to answer how much “six plus three” is, he must know that 6 and 3 equal 9. And “seven minus two” equals five, because 7 is 2 and 5.
A guide to studying composition
Memorizing tables by heart
There are a large number of techniques to teach your child to immediately memorize tables. Almost half of the examples for addition and subtraction are unconsciously memorized by children after completing their familiarization with the law of displacement.
You can take poetry, sing-alongs. The most popular example is the line of the song “Twice two is four, everyone in the whole world knows this.” Excellent information is found by becoming acquainted with Nikolai Zaitsev’s methodology and the “Song Know” program.
To consolidate knowledge of tabular data, you can invite children to work with:
- coloring books;
- computer games for mathematics;
- multimedia presentations.
The ability to improve on tests with an asterisk will help you learn complex material later.
Home exercises
Using Computational Techniques
The highest level of mental arithmetic results is the ability to find the fastest and most convenient method for calculating the total. For example, one of the easy ways to teach a student to count in class is the technique of counting and “jumping.” Children quickly learn that adding 1 produces the next value, and decreasing by 1 produces the previous value. After this, you can find out about the best partner of the number 2 - the grasshopper, which can jump over the number and cause the result of addition or subtraction of 2.
Drawing classes in secondary groups of preschool educational institutions on the theme “Spring”
Children's educational games
We will not surprise you if we say that the best form of education for children is through play. If you build the learning process based on play, the child will be involved and interested in it. And even numbers that may seem boring will cause delight and bring pleasure. But we want to introduce you not to simple games, but to interactive ones, i.e. with those that you can easily download and install on your computer or tablet, or simply open on the Internet.
1
Game "Masha and the Bear Answer Questions"
A very exciting and colorful game where the child will have to be smart and use the ability to add and subtract. The point is that the little player must help Masha give the correct answers to mathematical questions. With this he will help her get to visit her grandparents. If the child answers incorrectly, the bear sits down on a stump, preventing Masha from passing. You need to give as many correct answers as possible.
2
Game "Math with Luntik"
Luntik is one of the favorite cartoon characters of children. If your baby plays this game, he will quickly master adding numbers up to ten. If the answer is correct, Luntik is happy, and if the answer is incorrect, he is sad. The tasks in the game are like this: Luntik writes an example with a plus sign, and the player must find the correct answer (several options are offered). The game is accompanied by pleasant music, which helps the baby concentrate.
3
Game "Bouquet"
The point of the game is this: flowers bloom in the garden and need to be placed in vases. The player is given three vases with different numbers. You need to put the appropriate number of flowers in each vase. So, while happily manipulating virtual objects, your child will quickly learn to identify numbers and relate them to the number of objects.
4
Game "Piggy treats"
Another wonderful toy, the main characters of which are Piggy and his friends. The goal of the game is to correctly distribute the food to the guests. For example, you need to help Piggy divide the nuts among everyone. There is a number next to each guest's plate, and the correct number of nuts should be placed in each plate. The game interface is designed so that the child can easily learn to count and remember the images of numbers.
5
Game "Count the Animals"
This game is suitable for kids who can count to five. Your child is presented with four pictures and one number, and he must find the picture in which the number of animals corresponds to this number.
By and large, you can find a lot of similar games. All that is required is to type the desired request on the Internet. But, of course, you shouldn’t limit yourself to games, because they should only be an accompanying element of classes. In addition to them, we strongly recommend that you do not neglect children's poems and counting rhymes, which activate children's thinking and make it more flexible. Be sure to include numbers when your beloved little one draws, paints, sculpts from plasticine or cuts out something. And don't forget about children's books that contain counting tasks, pictures of numbers, simple examples and other attributes of mathematics.
Speaking of literature: at the end of the lesson, we want to present several good teaching aids that will help you learn many interesting features of the process of teaching children to count and build the process even more effectively.
How to explain the relationship between addition and subtraction
For better perception, you should teach your baby the composition. The technique consists of three steps:
- Using familiar objects, learn that one of the terms can change downward, while the other can increase with the same amount. A good aid would be egg packaging (10 each); boxes for cookies (6,8 or 12 each), calendar days (7 each).
- You should make sure that the child makes notes in his notebook on possible combinations of numerals.
- Together with the student, prepare cards with the inscriptions: 6 + 3 = 9; 4 + 5 = 9; 2 + 7 = 9; 1 + 8 = 9. It is better to distribute each example onto a separate card.
Now you need to make an effort to remember. The child must memorize by heart, without counting, all possible combinations of terms that give one sum. No need for long lessons. Success will come faster when the memorization lesson is quick, like a break between modeling or drawing.
Relationship between addition and subtraction
If the child remembers everything and does not try to “count”, you can proceed to the next step. When replacing familiar cards with new ones, the child must write the answers immediately. Let's get down to the hard part - subtracting using knowledge of the components. First you need to repeat the action cards. Then you need to ask the child what will happen to the result if one of the terms is removed.
This chain will help to evaluate the connection between addition and subtraction using the memorization method. The student must understand that remembering a familiar combination is easier than counting in his head. In the future, the principle will help you more easily master solving linear equations.
When can you solve examples within 20
Once you have fully mastered the skills of counting to 10, it is recommended to begin activities on the second ten. All that is needed here is understanding, without prompting or copying from a neighbor. How to teach counting and explaining examples to a child within 20? You should follow the step-by-step method:
- Learn the ordinal count of the second ten, the order of each element of the number series. To facilitate memorization, use the same objects - cards, cubes. Write numbers only on the first ten units. Arrange them in rows, the first ten with signatures, and the second “blind” one under it.
- Remember according to scheme 14 - “- eleven” is added to the word four, and so on with each new term. The child must learn the meaning of the names of serial numbers from 11 to twenty.
- Start with the concept of the first ten, then add elements of the second row and pronounce the actions. “Ten plus four equals fourteen.” All data in the interval of the second ten should sound like this.
- Practice addition operations without transition. By type 10 + 6 = 16; 16 – 6 = 10. When this stage is mastered, actions of increased complexity are performed.
Puzzles for counting to 20
Examples with passing through ten require developing mental counting skills. Knowing the composition of a number when the sum is equal makes it easier to memorize the calculation algorithm for addition and subtraction within 100.
Cognitive interest of preschoolers
How to teach solving examples in your head?
To facilitate mental arithmetic, exercises for daily training are effective. By the age of six, children can independently count the number of candies, cubes or balls. They don't have to use their fingers. Parents need to promptly prompt and guide the child to develop the skills of solving examples in the mind. The child must master:
- simple account;
- sum and difference;
- the difference between a "larger" or a "smaller" value.
Visual perception of counting - solving in a column will help you quickly learn to count orally. Primary education teachers recommend starting simple. To count the number of fruits, you need to hear the final answer from the child, without pronouncing successive digits of the number series.
A few lessons, and the baby will understand that you can immediately name the amount. To make it more complicated, they ask, if you add three more pears, how many fruits will there be in total? “Supplements” should not be in front of your eyes. The young accountant will have to imagine in his mind and give the correct answer.
Adding in our minds
You should repeat the composition examples orally, taking into account all possible two-digit pairs. To make the task easier, you can use cards, then completely abandon them, switching entirely to oral counting. All tasks are easier to complete during the day to master counting faster:
- While walking, repeat the list of planned purchases with your child. After checking out at the cash register, the child must list all the goods. If the list is not complete, the child must correctly name the products or items for further shopping.
- License plates on cars will serve as a warm-up for addition or subtraction on the street. Different combinations of numbers help you learn to count faster. If there is a car with a three-digit number in front, you can add up all the components. Then subtract the smallest from the largest value.
- Problems for preschoolers are published in educational materials. They are accompanied by drawings and quatrains to add a playful twist to “dry” mathematics.
Important! Each child has developmental characteristics; one will find it easier to learn the material, while another may pick it up on the fly. You need to competently guide and help you learn the basics of mathematics.
Children practice mental arithmetic
Features of teaching counting to kids
First of all, it is worth saying that a child’s memory has one special property - selectivity. Therefore, children learn some skills on the fly, without making any effort, while others, as they say, they have to “tinker around with.”
It is important to know and always keep in mind that many things evoke emotional associations in children, such as joy, fear or surprise. It is possible to teach a child to count competently and quickly only when this process also evokes in him emotional reactions (positive, of course) and interest.
At first, you should make every effort to interest your child in counting, numbers and numbers. If you succeed in doing this, even the most restless person will be able to master the skill. A huge plus is that while mastering reading and writing in most cases requires intensive training with notebooks and books, with counting all this can be relegated to the background. By the way, an interesting fact: thanks to scientific research, it was possible to establish that when learning any language, children remember numerals best. But let's continue.
You can start training from the first months of your baby’s birth. Of course, this cannot yet be called full-fledged training - it is more of a preparation. In the period up to about two years, you can play finger-picking with your child, hum all kinds of songs and counting rhymes, so that the child’s consciousness registers that there are such “things” as numbers and figures. When the baby turns two years old, you can move on to more specific methods and techniques. We’ll talk about methods a little later, but for now let’s dwell briefly on how one should behave with a child in terms of the issue we are considering.
