Customs and folk traditions for children: Russian, Kazakh, Tatar, Belarusian, European

What are folk traditions and customs?

Many families have their own traditions and customs. In one, for example, they always drink tea with lemon in the morning, and hot cocoa in the evening. And so every day. Another family may have different customs. For example, give each other handmade cards for the holidays.

Traditions and customs are characteristic not only of individual families, but also of entire nations. Some of them may seem stupid and funny, others - understandable and wise. The Slavic peoples have a very good tradition of giving up their seats in transport to the elderly. This seems normal to all of us. But the French do not do this.

Traditions of the peoples of the world for children

About 3 thousand different peoples and nationalities live on our planet. Each nation has its own special traditions. Some of them are very unusual for us Russians.

When we say “yes,” we are used to nodding our heads. But the Bulgarians and Albanians do the opposite. To confirm what has been said, they wave their heads from side to side. A nod means "no."
In Russia, the number 13 is considered unlucky, especially if it falls on a Friday. Such a day is jokingly called “the day of evil spirits.” In Spain, troubles await not on Friday, but on Tuesday the thirteenth. In some countries, six is considered an unkind number. In China it's a four. Some houses there don't even have a fourth floor. After the third comes the fifth.
Men in Russia greet by shaking hands. And this is also an ancient custom. This is how our ancestors showed each other that they did not have weapons or stones in their hands. Handshakes are not accepted in Japan. They are replaced by bows. In India, as a sign of greeting, the palms are raised to the chin, as if for prayer, and, shaking the head, they say “namaste”. Eskimos rub noses when they meet. Because of the cold, only their faces are exposed.
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Traditions and customs related to children

There are many traditions associated with the birth and raising of children:

Turkmen girls aged 9-10 undergo the ceremony of braiding their hair. They undo two braids and make 20 small braids. From this day on they are considered adults. The outfit also changes.
The Kazakhs have a custom of “cutting fetters.” When the baby takes his first steps, his legs are tied with a cord. A respectable man with many children is entrusted to cut it. The ceremony is accompanied by songs and wishes to stand firmly on your feet and walk confidently through life.
Indians throw their newborn children from a 15-meter tower. They fall onto the tent stretched below. People believe that after this the children become lucky.

Eating

It is common for us to have breakfast and lunch while sitting at the table, and take food from a plate with a spoon and fork. But not everyone eats this way.

The Chinese and some other eastern peoples use chopsticks instead of spoons and forks.
Asians also eat while sitting on the floor or on low cushions.
In India they eat with their hands. More precisely, with one hand - the right.

National dishes

Different nations have their own favorite food.

Indian cuisine is distinguished by an abundance of different spices. Their dishes are very spicy. Indians prefer cereals, vegetables and fruits to meat.
The Japanese eat mostly raw food. The basis of national Japanese cuisine is rice and sea creatures (shrimp, fish).
The peoples of the Far North mainly eat meat. They hunt deer, seals, and walruses. Roots, berries and plant stems are also collected here.
Italian cuisine is called one of the best in the world. Italians prepare delicious pasta - pasta and dumplings, which they call ravioli. This is also the birthplace of pizza.

Cloth

National clothing also belongs to the traditions of peoples.

Women of the Middle East wear a strange attire for us - a dark and long burqa. Only the eyes remain open. It is not customary here for anyone to see even a part of a woman’s body.
Indian women wear saris, long, colorful pieces of fabric intricately tied around the body. Putting on and wearing a sari is considered a real art.
The Japanese national dress is kimono. It is very similar to a bright silk robe with a wide belt (obi). Kimono comes in women's, men's and children's sizes.
Scottish men wear a kilt. This is a skirt. And part of the national costume of the Scots is a musical instrument - the bagpipe.
Eskimos living in the Far North wear a kukhlyanka and high boots to keep warm from the severe cold. Special clothing is made from animal skins and fur.
The national clothing of Greek men is also a skirt. It must be white, with 400 folds. On top is a snow-white shirt with puffy sleeves, a bright vest and a belt. Women dress up in a multi-layered suit with an apron, decorated with ringing coins.

Introducing preschoolers to the traditions and way of life of the Russian people through various genres

Dear friends, we are pleased to introduce you to Galina Nikolaevna Korobova, music director of the first qualification category of the MBDOU TsRRDS “Gnezdyshko” in Chernogorsk, Republic of Khakassia. Today Galina Nikolaevna is happy to share with us her professional experience in introducing preschoolers to the traditions and way of life of the Russian people through various genres. The article will be of interest to teachers and interested parents.

A short commentary on the article from Galina Nikolaevna:

“Russian folklore is a type of art that can help achieve the goal: to ignite a spark of love and interest in children in the life of the people, their history and culture, and give them the opportunity to feel like an individual.”

Fascinating reading...

Introducing preschoolers to the traditions and way of life of the Russian people through various genres

No one can become a son

of his people, if he is not imbued with those

basic feelings

how the people's soul lives.

V.V. Zenkovsky

How we see our future depends on us and on the principles that we instill in the minds of children.

In the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 1, 2012 No. 761 “On the National Strategy of Action in the Interests of Children for 2012-2017.” One of the main tasks is “the formation of a new public-state system of raising children, ensuring a high level of citizenship and patriotism”... Without knowledge of the traditions of one’s homeland, the cultural heritage of one’s people, the implementation of such a task is impossible.

Native culture is the truth and beauty that fills human hearts.

Our teachers face the following challenges:

develop children's understanding of cultural heritage;
to cultivate respect for the native land and pride in it;
teach to be careful and treat everything that surrounds us.

Spiritual creative patriotism must be instilled from early childhood. But like any other feeling, patriotism is acquired independently and experienced individually. It is directly related to a person’s personal spirituality, its depth. Therefore, without being a patriot, the teacher himself will not be able to awaken in the child a feeling of love for the Motherland. It is to awaken, and not to impose, since the basis of patriotism is spiritual self-determination.

Formation of spiritual and moral attitudes and a sense of belonging to the cultural heritage, understanding of one’s national characteristics, formation of self-esteem as a representative of one’s people. And this is where the example of adults and especially loved ones is so important.

Today we are beginning to look at many things in a new way, we are rediscovering and re-evaluating many things for ourselves. This also applies to the past of our people.

“The Russian people should not lose their moral authority among other peoples. We must not forget about our cultural past. That is why the native culture, like father and mother, should become an integral part of the child’s soul, the beginning that gives rise to personality” (D.S. Likhachev.)

Folklore is the richest source of cognitive and moral development of children. Enriches his spiritual world, develops patriotism, respect for the past of his people, and the study of its traditions.

Russian folklore is a type of art that can help achieve the goal: to ignite a spark of love and interest in children in the life of the people, their history and culture, and give them the opportunity to feel like an individual.

Work in this area has been carried out in our garden for many years. All teachers are tasked with shaping the spiritual world of man of the third millennium, reviving and flourishing the cultural traditions of the peoples of Russia. Folklore classes help solve this task of personality development. For deeper knowledge, I turned to educational technologies:

O.A. Knyazev “Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture”

T.A. Budarin "Introducing children to Russian folk art."

Having analyzed the contents of these publications, I came to the conclusion that Russian folklore is an understandable and accessible area of creativity.

In music classes to familiarize ourselves with the surrounding life and traditions, I use thematically selected Russian folk games, such as: “Mill”, “Churilki”, “Golden Gate”, “Masha put on a mitten” and others.

Nursery rhymes, chants that reveal the characteristics of certain objects or phenomena: “Fall, white snow falls!”, “Rain, pour rain”; "Hey! Our cheerful people!” and others.

Through repeated repetition of the text of games and round dances, children quickly remember unfamiliar words, which allows them to develop their memory, including musical memory.

When selecting folklore material, I take into account the age capabilities of children.

Starting from the younger group, I introduce children to lullabies that can add variety to any type of activity: Bayu-bayu, bainki...”, “Kach, kach, kach...”, “Lyuli, lyuli, lyulinki”...

In older preschool age, I pay attention to introducing children to round dances, which are different in type, character and tempo of performance, with interesting choreographic patterns. They, like no other genre of adult folklore, are most suitable for children. These are such as: “I am sitting on a pebble”..., “Vesya, cabbage”, “There is a path in a damp forest”, “I am walking with a loach” and others.

In my practice, I widely use round dance songs, ditties, and game song choruses, which allows children to sing freely and uninhibitedly.

The children's acquired knowledge about traditions, customs, and rituals is used in conducting ritual holidays. Roles for children are assigned according to their age and creativity.

In our kindergarten, such folk, calendar holidays are held as the Fair, Autumn, Cabbage Festival, Carols, Maslenitsa, which have their own goals and objectives - this is the creation of a joyful mood and positive emotional attitude in the child, the formation of moral qualities and artistic taste. Mastering moral standards, uniting adults and children.

Getting acquainted with the traditions and way of life of the Russian people, children with great pleasure sing Russian folk songs, tell nursery rhymes, teases, dance in round dances, play Russian folk musical instruments, and at the same time feel relaxed, imitating adults, leaving positive impressions in their souls for a long time.

I would like to believe that the knowledge and skills acquired by children in preschool age will help our students become true patriots of the Motherland and will be beneficial in later life, rewarding them with love and respect from the people around them.

Holidays in different countries

There are holidays that are celebrated all over the world - New Year, birthday, wedding. And there are absolutely special ones.

In Japan, one of the main holidays is Hinamatsuri, the “festival of dolls.” Every year on March 3, girls in elegant kimonos lower boats with paper dolls down the river. People believe that dolls take away sorrows and misfortunes with them.
India has its own holiday - the “monkey feast”. The monkeys are served a table full of goodies. This is how Hindus worship the god Rama and his monkey army. The arrival of spring is celebrated here with a festival of colors, during which people douse each other with water painted in bright colors.
Scotland hosts a very spectacular fire festival. In the evening, people dress in national costumes and carry burning torches to traditional music.

New Year

Celebrating the New Year is one of the most long-awaited customs for children. On the night from December 31 to January 1, it is celebrated in almost every home. Briefly about New Year's traditions of different nations:

In Russia, gifts are given to children by the kind Grandfather Frost in a long fur coat with a magic staff in his hand. He has a granddaughter, Snegurochka, and a wife, Zima. He lives in Veliky Ustyug.
In Poland, instead of Father Frost, children are congratulated by Saint Nicholas. He rides a horse and wears a white robe. His assistant, Peter, helps deliver the gifts. Only obedient children receive them. The spoiled are given the rod.
Canadian children are waiting for Santa Claus on New Year's Day. He rides through the air in a team of reindeer and enters the house through a chimney. His home is in Lapland. There he makes gifts all year long with the elves.
In France, Pierre Noel comes to the children on New Year's Eve. He rides a donkey and puts gifts in shoes.
Finnish Joulupukki is small in stature. On New Year's Day he is carried in a cart by a goat. All the child needs to do is whisper in a whisper what kind of gift he wants, and Joulupukki will definitely hear it. Other gnomes help the old gnome.
In Italy, Santa Claus is a woman who looks very much like a witch. Her name is Befana. In fact, Befana is kind, even though she rides around on a broom. She has a golden key with which she can open any door. On New Year's Day, she flies up to children's stockings and fills them with gifts.

The role of folk holidays in the education of preschool children

The role of folk holidays in preschool educational institutions in order to preserve national traditions
Prepared by: Shchelkonogova G.N., teacher of the “TsRR - kindergarten “Fairy Tale”” OP “Kindergarten “Romashka” of a combined type”, Kovylkino, Republic of Mordovia Without a past, there is no future , Without language there is no nation, Without nation there is no culture, Without culture there is no people. Today, much attention is paid to organizing and holding public holidays in preschool educational institutions. Teachers strive to use all means of introducing preschoolers to the origins of Russian folk culture and preserving its traditions. Only raising preschool children in the spirit of folk traditions can develop in them national self-awareness, respect for their people, in addition, they will be open to studying and understanding the significance of the culture of other peoples and respect for them. Therefore, I believe that the organization of folk holidays for preschoolers is aimed at the comprehensive and harmonious development of the child. The relevance of my topic is that the changes taking place in our society force us to take a fresh look at folk traditions and holidays, namely: it is important to support our national culture, concentrate the character of the people, raise a worthy personality who can develop, preserve folk traditions. In our kindergarten, the development of children based on the traditions of folk culture is one of the main directions of general artistic and aesthetic education. Life in kindergarten should be bright, rich in impressions, like a good interesting book, the best pages of which should be the holidays. To help children make a children's holiday unforgettable, to open a window to the world of amazing wonders for children, to leave a bright mark on the child's soul. For many years, the “Likhtibryanya” circle has been operating in the “Romashka” kindergarten, during which much attention is paid to studying the history of the native land, the traditions and customs of our ancestors, which leads to the preservation of folk traditions and the introduction of children to them. After all, cultural experience is intensively acquired at folk festivals. Holidays introduce children to the folk traditions, rituals, and folklore of the Mordovian people. Holidays that are celebrated in kindergarten create a joyful mood in children, cause a positive emotional upsurge, and form a festive culture: stories about the traditions of the holiday, its organization, and guest etiquette. Preparing for the holiday makes children interested in the upcoming celebration; On the basis of interest, their moral and ethical qualities and artistic taste are formed. The holiday system creates a spiritual community between children and adults, the soil on which human feelings develop: love, kindness, mutual assistance. When preparing and holding holidays, timid children are transformed into emotional, proactive ones. They are involuntarily involved in the process of play, which corresponds to the nature of a preschooler, where the child organically learns new musical images, acquires skills, and develops imagination. A well-planned holiday prepared according to a special scenario will bring joy not only to children, but also to adults. Particular attention is paid to joint participation in creative activities. This helps unite the family and fill its leisure time with new content. We organize holidays and leisure activities, entertainment, theatrical performances, integrated such as the holidays “My Favorite City”, “Folk Costume” and folklore festivals “Autumn Gatherings”, “Carols”, “Maslenitsa”, “Easter”, Russian birch “Trinity” and other. We organize exhibitions of children's creative works, computer presentations or photo exhibitions during this festive event. We use staged dramatic tales in the festive program: “How was the dog looking for a friend?”, “Hot Sleigh”, poems, and introduce an element of theatricalization into the action. At all events, parents and children participate in various competitions. It is important to note that the joint activities of adults and children create in them a powerful motivation for learning, in which learning proceeds quite easily and naturally. Decoration is very important in the process of a holiday, which must first of all correspond to the content of the holiday. It is necessary to try to ensure that the design develops an artistic aesthetic taste in children, is understandable for the child, and creates a joyful mood for everyone that anticipates the event. It is necessary to distribute responsibilities for decorating a holiday in a kindergarten between employees and parents of students. Simple instructions can also be given to children: it is also important for them to realize and see their role in holding the festive event. National holidays are always associated with the game. But folk games, unfortunately, have almost disappeared from childhood today. Apparently, we must remember that folk games as a genre of oral folk art are national wealth, and we must make them the property of our children. Each holiday in the old days had its own customs and traditions, its own “scenario”. The originality of traditions depended on the idea of the holiday, its significance for society, so each holiday had its own main and secondary characters, attributes, songs, spells, specific dishes, games, and round dances. Not a single holiday is complete, of course, without playing musical instruments. Musical games make singing and playing musical instruments more interesting and accessible for children. Well-constructed holidays create opportunities for the comprehensive development of a child’s personality and help our students in the future feel like bearers of the great Russian culture, the national traditions of the Russian people and their native land. Contact with folk art and traditions, participation in folk festivals spiritually enrich the child, foster pride in their people, and maintain interest in their history and culture. Folk holidays help children to know and respect their past, their origins, the history and culture of their people. Folk holidays are pedagogical in nature; they include both children and adults in a single festive action. The national holiday creates the opportunity for the development of the child, the formation of the foundations of musical culture in the unity of all its most important components available to preschool children. All this contributes to the development of a strong interest not only in specific small folklore forms, but also in musical and folk art in general. “Folk holidays have the function of social therapy of relationships within a community, playing up the norms of these relationships” (D. Fraser, M. Mead) Such folk holidays evoke in children a feeling of joy, an emotionally positive attitude towards kindergarten, the desire to attend it enriches them with new impressions and knowledge, encourages active creative activity, promotes the intellectual and social development of preschool children. Experience in this direction has shown that bright and joyful communication between children and adults is an important condition for the development of a child’s personality and the revival of folk traditions, and we must preserve folk holidays for ourselves and our descendants, because the holidays of our great-grandparents are the soul of the people.

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Traditions of the Russian people for children

Our country is Russia. It is the largest in the world. The Russian people have many interesting traditions and customs:

Our ancestors have long lived in wooden huts made of logs - hewn tree trunks.
The boys' costume consisted of a long shirt, trousers and a cap. Instead of the usual shoes, they wore bast shoes woven from tree bast.
Russian girls wore a sundress down to their toes over a shirt, and decorated their heads with a kokoshnik.
Hospitality is one of the main traditions of the Russian people. Guests in Rus' were always welcome. The hosts greeted guests at the door and treated them to bread and salt.
The holidays of our people are closely related to religion. On Easter, all homes bake Easter cakes, paint eggs and rejoice at the resurrection of Jesus Christ. “Christ is risen” - “truly risen” they say to each other. On Maslenitsa they eat pancakes all week, and on the last day they burn an effigy of winter. This is how Russians have celebrated the arrival of spring for hundreds of years.
National dishes of Russia are pies with all kinds of fillings, cabbage soup, and porridge. Vegetables (turnips, cabbage, peas), as well as mushrooms and berries are especially held in high esteem. Drinks in Rus' have long been preferred: sbiten and kvass.

Presentation:

You might think that every nation has its own country: the Japanese have Japan, the Mexicans have Mexico, the Russians have Russia. In fact, this is not always the case. Several peoples can live in one country. If we talk about our country, then there are as many as 190 nationalities living in it: Tatars, Ukrainians, Bashkirs, Armenians, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Belarusians and many others.

Russian folk traditions in kindergarten

This work participates in the regional publication competition “Kindergarten: day by day.” The author's spelling and punctuation have been preserved!

Times are different now, as are thoughts and deeds -

Russia has gone far from the country it was.

Our people are smart, strong, looking far ahead,

But we must not forget the traditions of antiquity!

N. Konchalovskaya “Our ancient capital.”

Today, the leading principle of education should be considered education carried out on the roots of national culture. There is a lot of talk about the revival of the Fatherland. Reviving the culture of our people and traditions is a difficult and noble task. Preschool age is a favorable period for introducing children to the origins of folk culture, which can revive the continuity of generations, convey moral principles, spiritual and artistic values.

Each nation has its own traditions that are passed on from generation to generation. The Russian land has always been famous for the beauty and richness of music, literature, its holidays and customs. It is the native culture that must find its way to the child’s heart and form the basis of his personality.

The work of teachers and the music director is aimed at developing in preschool children general ideas about the culture of the Russian people. Specialists and preschool teachers gradually lead children to understand the harmonious connection between man and the surrounding nature, including them in interesting activities. Nursery rhymes, sayings, proverbs, games, songs, folk instruments, dances - all these types of children's activities create an opportunity for the child to come into contact with the historical past. The national holiday helps children learn to express themselves creatively and communicate freely with their peers.

In the MADO "Sibiryachok" building No. 3, holidays and thematic classes dedicated to folk traditions have been held for several years now. Children take part in such events with great pleasure. Folk holidays and entertainment include all forms of children's creativity.

Recently, for older preschoolers at the Sibiryachok Children's Preschool Educational Institution, building No. 3, a holiday “On a visit to Zimushka-winter” was held in Russian traditions. The purpose of this event was to introduce children to ancient Russian customs and traditions. The hosts of the holiday, the Buffoons, warmly received the guests. Together with the children, they went to the fairy forest to visit Zimushka - winter. Along the way, the guys played various games and competed in relay races. The games and fun of Zimushki - winter also delighted the children.

In our kindergarten, children live in a cozy world of warmth and kindness, in a world of spirituality and fantasy. After all, all the best that begins to form in kindergarten will be reflected in later life and will have an exceptional impact on the subsequent development and spiritual and moral achievements of a person.

Author: Glebova Tatyana Aleksandrovna, music director

MADO AR kindergarten "Sibiryachok".

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Tatar traditions for children

The Tatars live side by side with us. They are a people with a unique culture. This video will help tell you about the traditions of the people:

Tatars are very kind to their family and homeland. They are proud of their origin and honor the traditions of their ancestors.
They greet each other with both hands, saying the greeting: “Aassalaam aleikem! Aleikem assalam."
In order to gather at one table, the Tatars do not need a big reason. They often visit each other. Definitely with hotels. The hosts also give small gifts.
“The tea table is the soul of the family,” the Tatars say. Tea drinking is one of the most important traditions for them. Several generations gather around a large table and drink freshly brewed hot tea from small cups.
The cuisine of the people is very diverse. A Tatar lunch can consist of 18 dishes with different flavors. Before and after meals, Tatars pray. The most famous national dishes of the Tatars are the sweetness of chak-chak and echpochmak (a triangular pie filled with fatty meat, onions, potatoes and eggs).
The Tatar national costume is a long shirt decorated with embroidery, lace, and ribbons. For men it is knee-length, for women it is to the heels. Part of the costume includes boots made of soft leather with bright patterns. They are called chitek or ichigi.
Tatars always wear a headdress or even several. A small cap - a skullcap - is put on the top of the head, and a hat or turban is placed on top of it. Older women wear a headdress that covers not only the head, but also the neck, as well as part of the back.
The national holidays of the Tatars Nardugan, Navruz Bayram, Kurban Bayram, Sabantuy are associated with agriculture and religion. For example, Sabantuy is held after sowing. All girls and boys dress up in ceremonial national costumes and organize mass celebrations. They dance with all their hearts, sing loudly, compete, showing dexterity and strength. The most important competition is “koresh” belt wrestling. The winners receive gifts - a rooster in a cage, boots or something else.

Belarusian traditions for children

Belarusian, Tatar and Russian traditions are similar in many ways. It’s not for nothing that these peoples are called fraternal.

Just like the Tatars, Belarusians celebrate the end of sowing. Only the holiday here is called Dozhinki. The best workers are chosen and gifts are given to them. There is also a special national holiday in Belarus. This is “Gukanne Viasny”. At the beginning of April, people call for spring. They make figures of storks from dough and paper and decorate houses and trees with them.
A good reputation is very important for Belarusians. Therefore, they almost never swear, do not deceive, and, moreover, do not fight.
The national Belarusian costume is made of white fabrics. For men, this is an embroidered shirt with a slit on the chest, a colored belt, and canvas pants. Along with a shirt, women wear a plaid skirt, an apron and always a bright sleeveless vest. The heads of Belarusian women are decorated with fabric headbands or wreaths.
Many people associate Belarus with potatoes. Many national dishes are prepared from it - potato pancakes, potato babka, sorcerers. The latter look like meat pies. Only their shell is not made from dough, but from the same potatoes.

Kazakh traditions for children

The people of Kazakhstan honor the traditions and customs of their ancestors like no other. They treat this as a sacred duty.

The warmth and hospitality of the Kazakhs has no equal. They will let even their enemy into the house and feed them. Moreover, they will serve him all the most delicious things that can be found in the house. And travelers who bring good news will also be given a gift.
The national food in Kazakhstan is horse and lamb dishes (kazy, shuzhuk, zhaya, beshbarmak), homemade noodles, and pilaf.
Kazakh children are taught respect for elders, restraint and integrity from an early age.
Asar is a tradition of the Kazakh people, which consists of doing everything together. To build a house, they can call friends, neighbors, and relatives. They help each other for free. Asar is a reason for everyone to get together and strengthen their relationships.
One of the oldest customs of the Kazakhs is to roll a person who has lived away for a long time into the ground. Its meaning is reflected in the proverb “we are all children of our native land.”
The coming of spring, Nauryz, is considered a big holiday here. It is celebrated on March 22. All the people get up at dawn and plant trees. Then celebrations begin with songs and competitions. Among them are competitions for solving riddles, singing songs, reading poetry and tongue twisters.
Kazakh costumes are some of the most beautiful in the world. They are richly decorated with embroidery, swan feathers and down, gold and silver thread. Dresses, vests, and hats come in a wide variety of designs. A day would not be enough to describe them all.

Nowadays, the life of city residents in different countries is not much different. People wear similar clothes, eat a variety of foods, and celebrate holidays other than their own. But this does not mean that the traditions and customs of our ancestors are forgotten. People dress in national clothes on special occasions, perform rituals, and tell children about them. This is how the culture of the people, their soul, lives.

Pedagogical project “Introducing children of primary preschool age to Russian folk culture”

Bibliographic description:

Pedagogical project “Introduction of children of primary preschool age to Russian folk culture” / Yu. V. Botvinko, Yu. P. Gretskaya, I. F. Krivaltsevich [and others]. — Text: direct // Questions of preschool pedagogy. — 2021. — No. 10 (37). — P. 1-8. — URL: https://moluch.ru/th/1/archive/183/5784/ (access date: 11/21/2021).

Life gives birth to a lot of new things, and sometimes in the unstoppable flow of this new, the old, good things are lost. Therefore, the task of every teacher, every educator, just a person who respects himself and the history of his country is not only not to forget these traditions, but also to help ensure that they live and are passed on from generation to generation as the most precious heritage.

K. D. Ushinsky

From the first years of a child’s life, introducing him to culture and universal human values helps lay in him the foundation of morality, patriotism, and forms the foundations of self-awareness and individuality. It is very important to instill in children a sense of love and respect for the cultural values and traditions of the Russian people.

The pedagogical project “Introducing children of primary preschool age to the origins of Russian folk culture” is focused on the main directions in the moral and patriotic education of children.

This project was implemented in three stages.

At the preparatory stage, goals and objectives were formed, directions, objects and methods were determined, preliminary work was carried out with children and parents.

The second stage is the main one. At this stage, activities are implemented that include interaction between teachers, children and parents. Children are introduced to the origins of Russian folk culture through familiarization with folk customs, ritual holidays, traditions, some types of folk arts, folklore, household items, crafts, and features of Russian folk costume. Moral and patriotic education of preschoolers is implemented within the framework of the project through various forms: conversations, educational activities, entertainment, aimed at familiarizing and generalizing children’s knowledge about the family, the Motherland, and significant events in the life of the Russian people.

The third stage is generalizing, aimed at consolidating the acquired knowledge, summarizing the results of the work, and formulating conclusions. The drawn up work plan in this direction highlights the techniques and methods of activity of teachers to ensure the effective implementation of the project in preschool settings. This is precisely the strategy for developing a child’s personal culture as the basis of his love for the Motherland. This system of work allows children from an early age to feel like they are part of the great Russian people, to develop in them a sense of pride in their Motherland, to cultivate love for their family, people, and respect for society.

The project is based on the following principles: creating conditions to stimulate children's interests; building relationships with a child on complicity and co-creation; motivating children's activities using gaming methods and techniques; taking into account individual and age characteristics; consistency; interaction with a child in a kindergarten and family.

Project type: medium-term, educational, collective Project participants: preschool teachers, early and junior preschool children, parents.

Implementation period: January 2020-May 2020

The results of the project are:

− replenishment of the subject-development environment;

− creating conditions for introducing children to Russian folk culture;

− awakening interest in the history and culture of one’s homeland, love for one’s native land;

− broadening the horizons of children through oral folk art, expressed in songs, choruses, carols, and rituals;

− cooperation between teachers and parents in introducing Russian folk culture.

Preschool age is the most important stage in the formation of a person’s personality, its foundation. It is from an early age that it is necessary to cultivate respect for the traditions of ancestors, their wisdom and culture, rituals and customs.

Getting acquainted with the cultural values and traditions of their people from early childhood, drawing inspiration from their close surroundings, children absorb this love; it is on this basis that the prerequisites for morality, patriotism and love for the Motherland are laid. But like any other feeling, patriotism is acquired independently and experienced individually. It is directly related to a person’s personal spirituality, its depth.

Modern children know little about Russian folk traditions, their hometown, country, they are often indifferent to close people, including group mates, and they rarely sympathize with the grief of others. Therefore, it is necessary to awaken in children as early as possible such feelings as love for their native land, to form in them such character traits that will help them become a worthy person and a worthy citizen of their country.

The goal of the project is to create conditions for familiarizing children with the traditions and customs of the Russian people, strengthening the moral and patriotic feelings of preschoolers.

The goal of the project is achieved as the following tasks are solved in unity:

Create a subject-spatial development environment;
To form and strengthen children’s knowledge about the origins of Russian folk culture, Russian folk art, folk life, culture, traditions, customs, holidays through various types of activities;
To promote the active involvement of parents in joint activities with the child in family and kindergarten settings.

Relevance

Introducing children to Russian folk culture is a hot topic today. Children definitely need to know the history of their people, their traditions, culture, crafts, in order to feel part of the Russian people, to feel pride in their country, rich in glorious traditions.

Currently, the problem of introducing the younger generation to the culture and history of their people is relevant, discussed at various levels and is reflected in a number of regulatory documents:

− Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” dated December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ;

“Strategy for the development of education in the Russian Federation until 2025,” approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 29, 2015 N 996-r identifies, among others, the following priorities of state policy in the field of education:

− formation in children of a high level of spiritual and moral development, a sense of involvement in the historical and cultural community of the Russian people and the fate of Russia

− developing respect for the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation, which is the basis of the civil identity of Russians and the main factor of national self-determination.

In addition, 2021 is the year when our country celebrates the 75th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War, this is an important date in the history of our Motherland and we consider it appropriate to form knowledge about the events and a sense of pride in the heroism of compatriots from early preschool age.

conclusions

− A subject-spatial developmental environment has been created that promotes the familiarization of children with folk culture.

− Children have sufficient ideas about Russian folk art, folk life, culture, traditions, customs, and holidays for early and early preschool age;

− Parents are active participants in joint activities with the child in the family and kindergarten.

Practical significance of the results

Children are introduced to the origins of Russian folk culture through familiarization with folk customs; for this purpose, corners have been created in groups that reproduce the atmosphere of Russian folk life. In the corner there appeared a beautiful fairy-tale stove with folk household items, clay and wooden pots, cast iron pots, as well as all the utensils necessary for the stove, which you can touch, play with and plunge into the life of our ancestors. The recreated atmosphere of the everyday life of the Russian people helps awaken curiosity in the child’s soul, allowing him to feel like part of the Russian people.

Children are also introduced to cultural heritage through oral folk art. The use of folklore forms, such as fairy tales, songs, ditties, nursery rhymes, proverbs and sayings, help develop not only the passive, but also the active vocabulary of children, foster love for their native land and lay the first ideas about the culture of the Russian people.

Artistic folk art, strong in images, colors, simplicity and skillful use of materials, cultivates a sense of beauty in children. Motifs of Russian folk art - Dymkovo, Gorodets, Khokhloma painting - form the basis of decorative children's mosaics, the purpose of which is to draw the child's attention to the color, shape and line of the ornament. Folk decorative art has made it possible to develop children's interest, their artistic perception, and contributes to the further development of their aesthetic experiences and judgments.

In the system of work to introduce preschool children to the origins of Russian folk culture, Russian folk games are an integral part. Children's favorite games: “By the bear in the forest”, “Geese-geese”, “The little gray bunny is sitting”. etc. These games use a variety of attributes: masks, illustrations, Russian folk instruments. All this is fascinating, stimulates curiosity and creates increased interest in these games among children.

Song has always been an invariable companion of folk games. Under musical accompaniment, children learn musical and rhythmic movements, gradually entering the round dance game. A number of round dance games are based on combining song with movement. These are the games “Loaf”, “Zainka”, “On a Level Path”, “Vesnyanka”. We can safely say that folk games influence the education of the mind, character, will, develop moral feelings, and physically strengthen the child.

Children's acquaintance with traditions and rituals began with a puppet and finger theater, a “mummering corner”, where children themselves choose a costume, scarf, beads, sundress, basket and, using made masks, find themselves in the world of a fairy tale. Taking part in holidays such as Christmas, Spring, Easter, children learned about the traditions and rituals of the Russian people. At Easter, children like to exchange toy painted eggs and play with them the games “Rolling on the table” and “Bring it, don’t drop it.” “Christmas carols” are understandable to children because on this holiday they can sing carols, dress up dolls and dress up themselves, and then go to groups, sing and accept treats.

Not a single holiday in Rus' took place without music. Folk music shows the sounds of folk instruments and songs in all its beauty. We begin the children's first acquaintance with such folk instruments as wooden spoons, balalaikas, bells and rattles. Children look at them with great interest, take them in their hands, trying out the sound.

Patriotic education of preschool children according to the Federal State Educational Standard implies the education of a physically healthy individual. Therefore, physical development is an integral part of the educational process. Sports games and competitions not only develop children, but also form a sense of team, unity of interests, strengthen family ties and traditions.

Solving the problems of moral and patriotic education is possible only in interaction with the family. Modern approaches to interaction between preschool educational institutions and families include treating parents as partners and involving them in the life of the kindergarten. Family education is emotional in nature, it is based on love and affection. It is no coincidence that the main task of patriotic education is to cultivate love for parents, loved ones, home, kindergarten, and small homeland.

By forming ideas about your family, your kind. As part of this work, the wall newspapers “How I spent the New Year holidays”, “Family Tree” and the presentation “My great-grandfather is a hero” were designed. All this contributed to the fact that children developed a humane attitude towards family members and their activities, and formed ideas about family values and traditions.

They tried to make work with parents not only educational, but also informational and practical: they arranged consultations, organized joint creative competitions, and an open day. Interaction with parents was aimed at attracting participation:

− exhibitions of drawings, crafts, photo exhibitions held in kindergarten,

− at joint events - by their example they showed children their attitude to the social side of kindergarten life, and shared their traditions.

For parents of students, we compile reminders, booklets, and tips on instilling in their children love for their native land and respect for elders.

It is worth noting that parents began to pay more attention to the beauty of their hometown when communicating with their children. Together with the children we took part in the design of the walking area. They began to pay more attention to reading books to children about their homeland, its heroes, traditions, and the culture of their people. They try to be a role model for their children in relation to older people.

A big role in moral and patriotic education belongs to the teacher, because the teacher’s worldview, his personal example, views, judgments, and active life position are the most effective factors in education. No amount of knowledge of a teacher will have any effect if he himself does not love his country, his city, his people. The team of teachers of the Ermine preschool department annually sets itself one of the most important tasks to develop and deepen the patriotic feelings of children and adults.

Project implementation schedule

1 junior early age group

Dates	Form of work	Events
January
2–3 week	Conversation “Wonderful winter holidays with family.” Goal: to form in children an idea of the family, a moral attitude towards family traditions, and expand knowledge about their immediate environment. To instill in children love and respect for family members, to show the value of family for every person and to show care for loved ones. Looking at illustrations of New Year's books, reading poems and fairy tales. Finger game “My Family”	Entertainment "Goodbye, Christmas Tree" Goal: to introduce children to festive culture, to cultivate a desire to take part in holidays, to participate in joint games and to instill a feeling of joy in children. Give children the pleasure of repeating familiar poems, songs, dances, and round dances that they learned for the New Year holiday. Consultation for parents “Family and family values.”
4 week	Conversation “My family is big” Goal: to form in children an idea of the family, a moral attitude towards family traditions, and expand knowledge about their immediate environment. To instill in children love and respect for family members, to show the value of family for every person and to show care for loved ones.	Joint activities of children and parents, design of a family collage “Family Tree”.
February
1–2 week	Conversation “I’ll join the army to protect my home.” Goal: to introduce children to the city in which he lives, to give an initial idea of “Defender of the Fatherland Day” - to cultivate in children a desire to take care of the older generation, grandfather, father, to love and respect them. Foster love for the Motherland.	Design of a corner for patriotic education. Viewing the fairy tale “Teremok”, a performance for children of the younger group for young children “Older to Younger”
3–4 week	Conversation “Russian folk culture” Goal: acquaintance with native culture, toys of folk craftsmen, folk musical instruments, and folk arts and crafts.	Consultation for parents “How to play with a matryoshka doll”
March
1–2 week	Conversation “Spring Holiday - March 8th”. Purpose: to give children ideas about spring and spring phenomena - birds have arrived, the sun is shining brightly, spring flowers are appearing; talk about the spring holiday “March 8”.	Entertainment "Mom's Day!" Goal: to cultivate a respectful, friendly attitude towards mother, to cultivate a desire to take part in holidays, to participate in joint games, to evoke a feeling of joy in children Making gifts for mothers and grandmothers “Spring flowers”.
3–4 week	Conversation “Life of the Russian people” Goal: to give basic ideas about the Russian hut, to arouse interest in antique things (stove, cast iron, cradle), to enrich children’s vocabulary with new words.	Entertainment “Meeting of Spring” Goal: creating a festive mood in children and parents with the arrival of the new season. Introduce children to Russian history. Teach respect for the origins of Russian culture.
April
1–2 week	Acquaintance with folklore and round dance games. Goal: to introduce children to the origins of Russian culture, introduce them to folk games, and cultivate interest in folklore.	Making a card index.
3–4 week	Theatrical activities. Introduce tabletop theater; learn to follow the story carefully.	Decoration of the corner arts and crafts. Family theater: puppet theater “Spring in the Forest” based on Russian folk tales (parents).
May
1–2 week	Conversation "Victory Day". Goal: to introduce children to the Victory Day holiday, to tell basic information about the Great Patriotic War. Examination of illustrations: flag, military equipment, eternal flame.	Crafts and drawings. Collection of information and production of the book “My Great-Grandfather is a Hero”
3–4 week	Conversation “Folk crafts”. Goal: to give initial ideas about Russian crafts and trades, to develop aesthetic perception and taste, to cultivate a love for the folk toy matryoshka.	Consultation for parents “How to play with a matryoshka doll.” Family theater: dramatic play “Just Like That” based on the cartoon of the same name (children are active participants in the play)