Fire safety in preschool educational institutions (kindergarten)

In preschool educational institutions, special attention must be paid to fire safety, teaching children the rules of behavior in case of fire, and fire protection of premises.

This section , fire safety in a preschool educational institution, reveals the requirements for the administration and employees in terms of fire safety in 2021 and defines the rules for the safe operation of the kindergarten.

Fire safety in kindergartens is systematically under the control of the administration; teaching staff are required to conduct briefings and conversations with students on fire safety rules for children in preschool educational institutions.

In this section you can download new instructions on fire safety in preschool educational institutions (2021), developed in accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 16, 2021 No. 1479 “On approval of fire safety rules in the Russian Federation”, which came into force on January 1, 2021 of the year; instructions and magazines on fire safety, as well as orders, acts and protocols on fire safety in kindergartens.

The goal of each developed fire safety instruction in a kindergarten is to prevent a fire hazard, to prevent a fire in a preschool educational institution, at home and on the street, to preserve the health and lives of children.

Regulatory legal acts regulating fire safety requirements in preschool educational institutions

Fire safety requirements in preschool educational institutions can be divided into two parts, which relate to organizational actions and to the design requirements for buildings, structures, etc. Let us highlight the main ones, which most widely regulate fire safety requirements for preschool educational institutions:

Federal Law “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements” dated July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ;
Federal Law “On Fire Safety” dated December 21, 1994 N 69-FZ;
Fire regulations in the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 16, 2020 No. 1479 (hereinafter referred to as the PPR);
Fire safety standards “Training in fire safety measures for employees of organizations” (order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of December 12, 2007 No. 645);
Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated 09/05/2021 No. 596 “On approval of standard additional professional programs in the field of fire safety” (comes into force from 03/01/2022);
SP 1.13130.2020 Fire protection systems. Evacuation routes and exits;
SP 4.13130.2013 Fire protection systems. Limiting the spread of fire at protection facilities. Requirements for space-planning and design solutions.

All these regulations, to one degree or another, establish fire safety requirements for preschool educational institutions. In the following, we will provide links to the requirements used in the text.

General requirements

Requirements for fire safety in preschool institutions are enshrined in the rules PPB-101-89. These rules regulate the conditions of maintenance not only of the building, but also of the surrounding area. After the introduction of Resolution No. 390, these rules became advisory in nature. New fire regulations have significantly reduced the requirements for firefighting activities. But most inspections carried out in kindergartens are focused specifically on PPB-101-89.

Every year the commission inspects preschool institutions for compliance with fire safety standards. The commission must include a representative of the fire department. Fire safety in kindergarten consists of a diverse set of measures and requirements.

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Conducting briefings, training, maintaining documentation

Newly hired persons must undergo induction training on fire safety measures, initial at the workplace, repeated once every six months, unscheduled in case of a long absence from the workplace or violation of fire safety rules (changes in legislation). Responsibility for conducting fire safety briefings is established by the head of the preschool educational institution from the list of trained persons in fire safety measures.

Based on clause 4, clause 6, clause 14, clause 18, clause 32, clause 36, clause 37, clause 39, clause 40, clause 41 of the Fire Safety Standards “Training in fire safety measures for employees organizations" (order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations dated December 12, 2007 N 645), it is necessary to develop administrative documents regulating the procedure for training employees in fire safety measures (the procedure and timing of fire safety briefings and passing the fire technical minimum (hereinafter referred to as PTM), including:

the procedure for conducting fire safety training;
identification of officials to be trained according to the fire technical minimum (FTM), both outside the workplace to ensure fire safety, and directly in the organization;
conducting a PTM knowledge test;
creation of a qualification commission to test the knowledge of fire safety requirements of managers, specialists and employees of the organization;
availability of approved introductory and primary fire safety training programs.

The head of the preschool educational institution must determine by order (instruction) the responsible person who will carry out the work on fire safety, as well as the persons responsible for the fire safety situation at the preschool educational institution facilities (clause 4 of the PPR). As a rule, all responsible persons are subject to training under the fire-technical minimum program at a training center licensed to conduct this type of training.

The preschool educational institution has the right to create its own commission to organize training on the fire-technical minimum from among persons trained at the training center. To do this, you will need to issue an order on the timing of this training, develop a training program, upon completion of the training, accept tests from preschool employees and draw up a statement with the results of the accepted test. As a rule, certification at a training center must be completed once every three years, and tests must be taken from employees annually, as well as within a month after the employee is hired.

Development of fire safety instructions

After completing the training, responsible persons must develop instructions on fire safety measures:

when evacuating people (study groups) in case of fire;
according to the procedure for security personnel upon receiving fire signals through the automatic fire alarm system (clause 56 of the PPR);
for administrative, household, warehouse and other premises.

Instructions on fire safety measures are developed on the basis of fire safety rules and regulations on fire safety, based on the specific fire hazard of buildings, structures, premises, technological processes, technological and production equipment (clause 2; 392 PPR).

Sample Instructions on the procedure to follow when receiving a fire signal

Instructions for fire safety measures in accordance with clause 394 of the PPR must contain information about the persons responsible for ensuring fire safety, including for:

reporting a fire to the fire department and notifying (informing) the management, duty and emergency services of the protection facility;
organizing the rescue of people using available forces and technical means;
checking the activation of automatic fire protection systems (fire warning systems, fire extinguishing systems, smoke protection systems);
turning off electricity if necessary (except for fire protection systems), stopping the operation of transporting devices, units, devices using open flames, as well as heat-generating units, devices and devices using flammable coolants and (or) with a temperature on their outer surface that can exceed (including in case of malfunction of the heat-generating apparatus) 90 degrees Celsius;
blocking raw materials, gas, steam and water communications, stopping the operation of ventilation systems in emergency rooms and adjacent rooms, as well as taking other measures to help prevent the development of fire and smoke in the premises of a building or structure;
cessation of all work in a building or structure (if this is permissible according to the production process), except for work related to fire extinguishing measures;
removal of all workers not involved in fire extinguishing outside the danger zone;
implementation of general management of fire extinguishing (taking into account the specific features of the protected object) until the arrival of the fire department;
ensuring compliance with safety requirements by workers taking part in fire extinguishing;
organizing, simultaneously with fire extinguishing, evacuation and protection of material assets;
meeting fire departments and providing assistance in choosing the shortest route to the fire;
notification to fire departments involved in extinguishing fires and carrying out related priority rescue operations, information necessary to ensure the safety of personnel about hazardous (explosive), explosive, and highly toxic substances being processed or stored at the protection facility;
upon arrival of the fire department, informing the fire extinguishing manager about the design and technological features of the protection facility, adjacent buildings and structures, the quantity and fire hazard properties of substances, materials, products stored and used at the protection facility, and providing other information necessary for the successful extinguishing of the fire;
organizing the involvement of forces and means of the protected object in the implementation of measures related to extinguishing the fire and preventing its development.

Also, instructions on fire safety measures must have a logical and precise procedure for actions in the event of a fire, when evacuating people, and have up-to-date telephone numbers for emergency services and the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations. The main thing to remember here is that in the event of a fire, an extra minute of hesitation in actions is fraught with the likelihood of an increase in casualties of persons and property.

Requirements for the building and premises

Inside the kindergarten building, fire safety rules establish a number of measures and requirements:

junior groups should be located no higher than the 2nd floor;
The maximum number of seats is calculated depending on the type of fire resistance of the building. It is permissible to accommodate up to 50 children in buildings with IV and V degrees of fire resistance. The number of seats over 50 can only be in buildings of fire resistance class III;
the arrangement of furniture and equipment in the room should not impede access to emergency exits and fire extinguishing means. All exits must not be obstructed by any objects;
It is mandatory to have signs and safety signs;
serviceable door closers are required on corridor and vestibule doors;
rugs, carpets, etc. must be securely fastened to the floor;
The attic premises of the kindergarten are subject to special attention. In addition to the fact that storing objects in attics is unacceptable, floor insulation should be carried out with non-flammable types of insulation. Attic doors must be locked and marked with appropriate signs indicating the purpose of the room and where the key is stored. Dormer windows must be glazed and closed;
windows in the building should not be covered with metal bars;
kindergartens must be equipped with a fire warning system using sound signals;
The use of irons is allowed only in a specially designated room. This room cannot be used for other purposes (including storing linen). The iron must be in good condition;
premises must be provided with fire extinguishers;
At the end of the working day, kindergarten employees are required to inspect the premises and turn off the power supply.

List of fire safety documents for preschool educational institutions

Here is a complete list of all fire safety documents that should be in every kindergarten and other preschool educational institutions.

Fire safety order

About the fire mode
On the appointment of a person responsible for fire safety
On the implementation of local regulations on fire safety in an institution
On the appointment of a person responsible for primary fire extinguishing means in an institution
On the appointment of persons responsible for fire safety in the territories of the institution
On the appointment of a person responsible for fire safety during festive events
On conducting training on evacuation from an institution in case of emergency
On the creation of a voluntary fire brigade in an institution
On the appointment of a person responsible for fire safety during New Year's holiday events
On the training of employees of the institution in fire-technical minimum
On the creation of a fire-technical commission of the institution
On the procedure for conducting fire safety briefings
Conducting unscheduled fire safety training
Job responsibilities of responsible persons
Job responsibilities of the head of the preschool educational institution for fire safety
Job responsibilities of the person responsible for industrial safety
Job responsibilities of members of the Voluntary Fire Brigade
Provisions
Regulations on the voluntary fire brigade
Regulations on the Fire Technical Commission Fire Safety Instructions
Instructions on fire safety measures in administrative premises
Instructions on fire safety measures in material warehouse premises
Instructions on fire safety measures in food warehouses
Instructions on fire safety measures in the kitchen of a preschool educational institution
Instructions on fire safety measures in the territories and premises of the institution
Instructions on fire safety measures when using electrical equipment
Instructions on fire safety measures during the festive event “New Year Tree”
Instructions on fire safety measures when carrying out temporary fire and other fire hazardous work
Instructions on fire safety measures when carrying out painting, construction and installation work
Instructions on fire safety measures for inspecting premises before closing them
Instructions on fire safety measures during festive events
Instructions on the procedure for personnel to ensure evacuation in the event of a fire
Instructions on the procedure for the actions of duty personnel upon receipt of signals about a fire and malfunction of installations (devices, systems) of fire protection of the protected object
Instructions on the procedure for joint actions of the administration and the fire department when extinguishing a fire
Instructions on the procedure for placing and using primary fire extinguishing equipment
Briefings
Introductory fire safety briefing
Primary fire safety training in the workplace
Repeated, unscheduled and targeted fire safety briefings
Magazines
Fire safety briefing log
Logbook of completed fire drills
Log of operation of fire protection systems
Journal of training sessions on PTM
Operation log of fire protection systems (testing and recharging of fire extinguishers)
Operation log of fire protection systems (technical condition of fire extinguishers)
Education and training programs
Voluntary fire brigade training program
Fire safety training program for managers and those responsible for fire safety + tickets
Fire safety training program for employees of the institution + tickets

Corner (stand)

Fire safety prevention in kindergartens is carried out in different ways:

Strict adherence to fire safety regulations to exclude any reason for the appearance/introduction of an open fire source into the premises of the kindergarten.
Monitoring the condition of electrical fittings, lighting wiring, various electrical equipment installed in the kitchen and laundry room; in the switchboard room serving the preschool building.
Training both the teaching and service staff of the institution in safety measures, correct actions to evacuate wards, methods of extinguishing fires at an early stage of development, and children in the basic norms of safe behavior in everyday life.

If information is conveyed to employees during a series of regular briefings regarding issues of effective security in children's educational institutions, including analysis of fires that have occurred at such protection facilities, then stands and corners have long been a good help for children in the process of their education. fire prevention propaganda.

Interesting situations depicting children drawn by professional artists invariably attract children and force them to ask questions about what is depicted on the posters placed at the PB stand.

This allows teachers, in a playful way, to give their students primary knowledge about ensuring fire safety in everyday life, explaining the actions of people that can lead to accidental fires, their health hazards; about how to behave in such situations so as not to suffer from fire or smoke.

The basic requirements and rules for designing a fire safety stand (corner) can be found by reading the article of the same name at the link.

Carrying out organizational activities

The administrative document must determine those responsible for recording and maintaining primary fire extinguishing equipment and the locations of fire extinguishers. Keeping a log of primary fire extinguishing equipment is enshrined in clause 4.5.4 (Table D2) SP 9.13130.2009 “Code of Rules. Fire equipment. Fire extinguishers. Requirements for operation."

The automatic fire alarm and warning system installed in the preschool premises must undergo monthly maintenance by a specialized organization. And according to clause 54 of the PPR, information about the work carried out with fire safety and fire extinguishing means is entered into the operation log of fire protection systems.

There should be a fire safety stand in publicly accessible places, on which instructions (leaflets) on fire safety, orders about responsible persons, and visual information about the possible consequences of a fire are posted.

The head of the preschool educational institution must develop evacuation plans for people in case of fire, which are placed in visible places, for protection facilities with large numbers of people (50 people or more) (clause 5 of the PPR). And at least once every six months, conduct practical training on the evacuation of persons in the building (clause 9 of the PPR).

Smoking is prohibited on the territory of preschool educational institutions; the manager ensures that fire safety signs “Smoking and the use of open fire are prohibited” are placed at the protection objects.

Water supply system

To ensure safety, the head of the preschool educational institution is obliged to ensure that the fire-fighting water supply is in good condition. For this purpose, inspections and maintenance of fire hydrants are periodically carried out. The results of the inspection are recorded in the act.

The same requirements apply to water reservoirs. In case of failure of pumps, water supply network or repair work, the head of the kindergarten is obliged to notify the fire department.

The design of fire-fighting water supply should be carried out taking into account the minimum water flow during a fire. The flow rate for buildings up to 2 floors high is 10 liters per second. Consumption for buildings with more than 2 floors is 15 liters per second.

Informing preschool students about fire safety

The educational process of students should include fire safety lessons, where information should be conveyed to children in an understandable form about the dangers of using matches for other purposes, starting an uncontrolled fire, the dangers of smoke, etc. Viewing drawings, comics, cartoons (videos) on fire safety topics - is only beneficial.

Together with representatives of local emergency services, it is necessary to conduct special training to practice actions when calling fire departments and other special services, evacuating children and preschool workers, and providing first aid. An important step will be the conduct of safety lessons by the Ministry of Emergency Situations workers, an explanation of the operation of fire equipment and fire extinguishing equipment. Children need to be clearly explained and their understanding checked what they will have to do if a fire occurs, what they can do and what they cannot do. The more coordinated the overall efforts are, the greater the likelihood of avoiding serious consequences.

Unscheduled (extraordinary) and targeted instruction

Extraordinary briefings are organized when updated versions of legislative documents related to safety and labor protection issues in preschool educational institutions are released. In addition, the need for this form of instruction usually arises in the event of violation of fire safety requirements by individuals (employees or students), as well as when an employee changes types of activities.

The procedure and content of unscheduled briefing are determined for each case individually, taking into account the factors and circumstances that caused it. Upon completion of this event, the person being instructed must sign in a special journal kept by the head of the child care institution.

The so-called “targeted” briefing is carried out in the period before employees perform one-time tasks that are not related to their direct responsibilities. Such instructions are preliminarily issued in the form of a separate order issued by the head of the preschool institution.

Upon completion of the targeted fire safety briefing at the preschool educational institution, the performer is required to be provided with everything necessary to complete the assigned task (working clothing, protective equipment, as well as special tools and equipment).

Fire safety requirements in relation to preschool educational institutions

All preschool educational institutions belong to the category of extremely high risk and are subject to the most stringent fire safety measures, as well as periodic inspections of the state fire control system of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia once every 2 years (plus before the preschool educational institution is ready for the school year).

Availability of fire alarm

According to Article 32 of the Federal Law-123, the buildings of preschool educational institutions belong to class F1.1 of functional fire hazard, which provides for the presence in the preschool educational institution of autonomous backup sources of power supply (Article 82 of Federal Law-123) and duplication of signals about the occurrence of a fire to the control panel of fire departments without the participation of workers object and (or) organization broadcasting this signal (Article 83 of Federal Law-123).

Material requirements

Also functional fire hazard class F1.1:

involves the use of external insulation systems of fire hazard class K0 (Article 87 of Federal Law-123);
prohibits the use of decorative and finishing materials and floor coverings with a higher fire hazard than class KM2 (Article 134);
allows the finishing of walls and ceilings of halls for music and physical education classes in preschool educational organizations to be made of material of class KM0 and (or) KM1.

Checking fire hydrants (taps)

If there is a fire-fighting water supply on the territory of the preschool educational institution and there are fire hydrants and taps, then twice a year it is necessary to check for water loss (to ensure compliance with the working pressure) by an organization licensed to carry out such work.

When installed on a fire hydrant, the fire hose installation must be changed once a year and checked for damage.

More detailed and visual information on fire safety requirements in relation to the facilities of preschool educational institutions can be found in the table:

No.	Necessary Requirement	Normative act
1	When operating a protected object, the head of the organization must ensure compliance with design decisions regarding the fire resistance limits of building structures and engineering equipment, check the condition of the fire retardant coating of building structures and engineering equipment in accordance with regulatory documents on fire safety, as well as technical documentation of the manufacturer of fire protection equipment and (or ) manufacturer of fire protection works. The specified documentation is stored at the protection facility. If there is no information in the technical documentation about the frequency of inspection, the inspection is carried out at least once a year. Based on the results of the inspection, an act (protocol) is drawn up for checking the condition of the fire retardant coating, indicating the location(s) where damage to the fire retardant coating is present, and a description of the nature of the damage (if any) and recommended timing for their elimination. The head of the organization ensures the elimination of damage to the fire retardant coating of building structures and engineering equipment of protection facilities	clause 13 of the PPR
2	Operation log of fire protection systems reflecting information at established intervals: - at least once every 5 years (with the preparation of a protocol) conducting operational tests of fire escapes, external open stairs intended for the evacuation of people from buildings and structures in case of fire, fences on roofs with the preparation of an appropriate test report and entering information into the operation log of fire protection systems protection (clause 17b); - checking (once a year) personal protective equipment for the respiratory organs and vision of a person from dangerous fire factors for the absence of mechanical damage and their integrity (clause 30); — checking fire-retarding devices (dampers, dampers, valves, etc.) in air ducts; devices for blocking ventilation systems with automatic fire alarm or fire extinguishing installations, automatic devices for shutting off general ventilation and air conditioning in case of fire (frequency - in accordance with technical documentation) (clause 42); — carrying out (once a year with the drawing up of a report) work on cleaning ventilation chambers, cyclones, filters and air ducts from flammable waste and deposits (clause 43); — on the serviceability, timely maintenance and repair of external fire-fighting water supply pipelines located on the territory of the organization, and internal fire-fighting water supply pipelines, organizing their inspections in terms of water loss (at least 2 times a year: in spring and autumn) (clause 48); — on the completeness of fire hydrants of the internal fire water supply with serviceable fire hoses, manual fire nozzles and fire shut-off valves, on the organization of re-rolling of fire hoses (at least once a year), as well as on the proper condition of water ring reels (clause 50);	PPR
— on the results of inspections of the operability of electrically driven valves (at least 2 times a year) of water metering devices installed on bypass lines, as well as working and standby fire pumping units (monthly) (clause 52); — on work carried out with fire safety and fire extinguishing means (taking into account the manufacturer’s instructions for technical means) (clause 54); — on taking into account the availability, frequency of inspection and timing of recharging fire extinguishers (clause 60); - on the performance of work on cleaning exhaust devices (cabinets, painting, drying chambers, etc.), apparatus and pipelines from fire hazardous deposits (in accordance with the Regulations, in this case: cleaning of these devices and communications located in production and warehouse premises is carried out in premises of categories A and B for explosion and fire hazard at least once a quarter, in premises of categories B1 - B4 for explosion and fire hazard at least once every six months, in premises of other categories for explosion and fire hazard at least 1 time per year (clause 124).
3	In the case of establishing fire safety requirements for building structures in terms of fire resistance limits, the class of structural fire hazard and the filling of openings in them, for the finishing of external surfaces of external walls and facade systems, the use of facing and decorative finishing materials for walls, ceilings and floor coverings of escape routes, as well as indoor premises at the protection site, documentation must be stored confirming the fire resistance limits, fire hazard class and fire hazard indicators of the building structures used, the filling of openings in them, products and materials.	clause 25 of the PPR
4	Availability of local regulations on the procedure and timing of work to clean ventilation chambers and air ducts from combustible waste	clause 43 PPR
5	Availability of reports issued based on the results of work carried out to clean ventilation chambers, cyclones, filters and air ducts from flammable waste and deposits	clause 43 PPR
6	Availability of an agreement with an organization that has the right to inspect the internal fire water supply system and test it for water loss (required if the organization does not have a specialist on staff who has the right to carry out such work)	clause 48 of the PPR
7	Availability of reports (protocols) for testing internal fire water supply systems for water loss, at least 2 times a year (spring and autumn)	clause 48 of the PPR
8	Availability of fire water supply diagrams and pump piping diagrams with information about the protected premises, type and number of sprinklers. Each valve and fire pump unit must have a sign with information about the premises being protected, the type and number of fire sprinklers.	clause 51 PPR
9	Availability of regulations for the maintenance of fire safety and fire extinguishing equipment, approved by the head of the organization. The maintenance schedule for fire protection systems is drawn up, among other things, taking into account the requirements of the technical documentation of the manufacturer of the technical equipment operating as part of the systems (information about the work performed is entered in the operation log of the fire protection systems)	clause 54 PPR
10	Availability of manufacturer's instructions for technical means operating as part of fire protection systems	clause 54 PPR
11	Availability of an agreement with an organization that has the right to install, maintain and repair fire safety and fire extinguishing equipment (required if the organization does not have a specialist on staff who has the right to carry out such work)	clause 54 PPR
12	Availability of an organizational and administrative document from the head of the organization on assigning to each motor pump and equipment adapted (converted) for extinguishing fires a mechanic (driver) who has been trained to work on the specified equipment.	clause 58 PPR
13	Availability of a logbook for checking the availability and condition of primary fire extinguishing equipment (including by department)	clause 4.5.4 (Table D2) SP 9.13130.2009
14	Availability of a logbook for the operation of fire protection systems	clause 43 PPR

conclusions

Preschool educational institutions are a fundamental component in educating the younger generation about fire safety, as well as complex facilities in terms of fire danger, where large numbers of people predominate and where total control over compliance with fire safety requirements is necessary.

As we can see from the material reviewed, the scope for maintaining documentation on fire safety and organizational measures is no less, and often more, than in office premises and production facilities.

Introductory instructions

With this type of briefing, carried out when an employee is hired to work at a preschool educational institution, the following list of issues is covered:

general provisions concerning the specifics of the work of preschool institutions in conditions of fire danger;
measures of responsibility of all employees of preschool educational institutions without exception for violation of fire regulations;
familiarization of all these persons with the features of the engineering layout of the premises, as well as with a complete list of fire safety instructions.

It is recommended to include examples of fire safety violations that resulted in severe or irreparable consequences in the induction program.

These examples can be taken from the experience of the given institution (if there have been violations in the past).

At the same time, the persons with whom the fire safety briefing is being conducted are brought to the attention of a complete list of special measures taken with the sole purpose of ensuring the safety of children in any emergency situation.

During the briefing of management personnel, such an important topic as fire prevention is not ignored. In this case, the following questions must be addressed:

clear tracking of established deadlines for checking and refilling fire extinguishers;
familiarization of preschool employees with the procedure for action in case of fire, including emergency communication with the fire service and informing senior management;
Introductory fire safety training also involves learning practical skills in handling fire extinguishers and mastering many other issues.

At the same time, preschool educational institution employees from among the management staff are, in accordance with the established procedure, required to take all possible measures to ensure the preservation of state valuables and property from fire.