Pictures of labor education of preschool children

Preview:

INTRODUCTION TO ADULT WORK

Game "Who needs it?"

Goal: To consolidate children’s ideas about objects and their use in labor processes. Introduce professions. Progress of the game: The teacher shows the children various objects, asks them to name them and tell them when they are used and for what purpose? For example: this is a ladle, the cook needs it to stir porridge, pour soup and compote, etc. When playing a game with children of senior preschool age, the teacher selects different pictures depicting objects. For example: pliers, hammer, vacuum cleaner, coffee grinder, steering wheel, computer, microphone, microscope, telescope, etc. Children name the profession of the person who uses the depicted object in their work.

Game “Who can name the most actions?” (with a ball) Purpose: to teach children to correlate the actions of people of different professions.

Progress of the game: The teacher names a profession and takes turns throwing the ball to the children, who name what a person in this profession does.

INTRODUCTION TO ADULT WORK

The game “Who can’t do without them?”

Goal: To consolidate children's knowledge about materials, tools and equipment needed by people of different professions. Progress of the game:

The teacher names the items, and the children name the profession of the person who needs it. For example: scissors, telephone, stretcher, nails, cash register, pencil, brush, tray, bell. It should be borne in mind that the same items are needed by people of different professions. For example, a rope is needed by athletes, sailors, builders, and rescuers

Game “What profession does this need for a person?” Goal: to expand children’s understanding of the items necessary for a person in a certain profession.

Progress of the game: Scales, counter, goods, cash register... - to the seller. Broom, shovel, hose, sand, crowbar, snow blower... - to the janitor. Washing machine, bath, soap, iron... - to the laundress. Comb, scissors, hair dryer, shampoo, hairspray, hair clipper... - to the hairdresser, etc.

Game "Guess what I'm doing?"

Goal: Expand children's understanding of labor activities. Develop attention. Progress of the game: The teacher and children join hands and stand in a circle. A child comes to the center of the circle. Everyone goes in a circle and says the words: We will work with you,

Let's not forget the order.

Don't yawn, do it

And repeat after me! The teacher imitates labor actions not only with movements, but also (if possible) with sounds. For example, he cleans the floor with a vacuum cleaner, hammers a nail, saws, drives a car, does laundry, carries a bucket of water, wipes a mirror, chops wood, grates, turns something in a meat grinder. Children repeat the movement and guess it.

Game “Why do you need to do this?”

Goal: To form in children an idea of the need for work, to expand knowledge about labor processes. Progress of the game: The teacher shows the children a picture depicting an object that characterizes a particular action. Children must name this action. - Why do you need a plant? (Water can.) - Why do you need to feed? (Bird.) - What needs to be washed? (Plate.) - What needs to be cleaned? (Carpet.) - What needs to be washed? (Dress.) - What needs to be ironed? (Shirt.) - What do you need to bake? (Pies.) - What needs to be changed? (Bed linen.) - Who needs to be bathed? (Child.) Children of older preschool age are asked more difficult questions. — Why buy bread (milk, sausages, fruit) at the store? — Why repair a broken toy? — Why do weekly cleaning of the apartment? - Why take care of your body?

INTRODUCTION TO ADULT WORK

Game "Choose a job"

Goal: To give children a basic understanding of the professions of people whose work was not in the scope of their observations. Arouse interest in the work of people of any profession. Progress of the game: The teacher, together with the children, gets up in a round dance and invites them to walk in a circle, saying: Let us grow up together and choose a job. We will become astronauts and fly rockets. (Children imitate the sound of an engine and the flight of a rocket, following the teacher’s instructions.) We will become captains, we will lead ships. (Children show how the captain looks through binoculars.) Let's go to helicopter pilots, let's fly helicopters. (Children run and make circular movements with their arms above their heads.) The game can be continued with older children; they already independently imitate the appropriate actions. And we will become pilots, we will fly airplanes. The first two lines are repeated at the beginning of each verse, the children walk in a circle to these words. We will go to combine harvesters and drive combine harvesters. We'll go to the fire department and start putting out the fire.

Handkerchief in pocket (takes handkerchief out of pocket),

We will wipe our nose with it (shows action with a handkerchief),

So that our little snub nose is clean again

(puts the handkerchief in his pocket). The teacher asks each child to show how he knows how to use a handkerchief.

Once upon a time there lived a doll Masha. Everyone called her Rasteryasha. So today: I woke up, She stretched sweetly. She was putting on her feet - she lost her socks. Masha put on the dress: “And where am I going with the apron?” Tears are dripping from the eyes, the nose sniffled immediately. Where is the handkerchief? He’s gone, oh-oh-oh-oh!

Masha put on her mitten: “Oh, where am I going? My finger is missing, it’s gone, I haven’t gone back to my little house.” Masha took off her mitten: “Look, I found it, You search, you search, and you will find!” Hello, little finger, how are you? »

INTRODUCTION TO ADULT WORK

Game “Correct the mistake” Purpose: to teach children to find and correct mistakes in the actions of people of various professions.

How to play: The cook treats, and the doctor cooks. The janitor sells, and the seller sweeps. The teacher cuts the hair and the hairdresser checks the notebooks. The musical director does the laundry, and the laundress sings songs with the children... etc.

Game “Continue the Sentence” Purpose: to exercise the ability to complete sentences using words and phrases related to a person’s specific profession.

Progress of the game: The cook cleans... (fish, vegetables, dishes...), The laundress washes... (towels, bed linen, bathrobes...). A teacher in the morning with children...(does exercises, has breakfast, conducts classes...) A janitor in the yard in winter...(shovels snow, clears areas, sprinkles sand on paths...), etc.

Game “I start a sentence, and you finish” Goal: to consolidate children’s ideas about the meaning and results of the work of people of different professions.

Progress of the game: If there were no teachers, then... If there were no doctors, then... If there were no janitors, then... etc.

INTRODUCTION TO ADULT WORK

Game "Guess the profession."

Goal: Expand children's understanding of professions, teach children to correctly name people's professions by association. Progress of the game: The teacher shows the children an object picture. Children name the profession of the person in whose work this object is used or is the result of his work.

Rabbit is a rabbit breeder. Calf - calf. Sheep is a sheep farmer. Deer - reindeer herder. Grapes - winegrower. Tea - tea grower. Bread - grain grower. Garden - gardener. Flowers - florist. Bee is a beekeeper.

Tractor - tractor driver. The car is a driver. Excavator - excavator operator. Combine - combine harvester. Crane - crane operator. Train driver.

Bucket and mop—cleaning lady. Ticket - conductor. Cashier - cashier. Planer - carpenter. Paint and brush - painter. Trowel - plasterer. Kuhlman is an engineer. Hammer and anvil - blacksmith. Fire extinguisher - fireman.

Airplane - pilot Spaceship - astronaut. Fire truck - fireman. Bulldozer - bulldozer driver. Race car - racer

Game "Let's set the table for dolls."

Purpose: To teach children to set the table, to name the items needed for reference. Introduce the rules of etiquette (meeting guests, accepting gifts, inviting people to the table, behavior at the table). To foster humane feelings and friendly relationships. Progress of the game: The teacher enters the group with an elegant doll. Children look at it and name items of clothing. The teacher says that today is the doll’s birthday, and guests will come to her - her friends. You need to help the doll set the festive table (doll furniture and dishes are used). The teacher plays out the stages of the activity with the children (wash hands, lay out the tablecloth, place a vase of flowers, a napkin holder and a bread box in the center of the table, prepare cups and saucers for tea or plates, and lay out cutlery nearby - spoons, forks, knives). Then the episode of meeting the guests is played out, the dolls are seated. In order to consolidate duty skills, children of older preschool age can be shown object pictures depicting the items listed above and asked to arrange them in order, determining the sequence of table setting.

Game “What does Masha want to do?”

Goal: To clarify children’s ideas about certain work activities; about materials, tools and equipment needed for work. Progress of the game: The teacher addresses the children on behalf of Masha: - Masha asks me for a basin, a bucket of water and soap. Submits the objects she calls to the doll. - What do you think she will do? (Wash.) That's right. And now Masha asks to give her a saucepan, milk, sugar, salt and millet. What is Masha going to do? (The doll wants to cook porridge.) What is the name of the porridge? Other work activities that require appropriate items can be considered in a playful form. The kids are shown these items (an iron and a stack of doll's laundry - for ironing; a bucket and a watering can - for watering the beds, etc.). When playing this game with older children, the teacher uses pictures depicting objects corresponding to a particular type of labor, or simply lists these objects (without showing illustrations), asking the children to guess more complex labor processes. For example: scissors, colored paper, glue, ruler, pencil - gluing books, repairing boxes, paraphernalia. The game can be complicated: one child draws objects on the board, and the rest of the children guess the type of work, or all children simultaneously draw on paper, and then show the drawings to each other and guess.

Presentation “Labor education of preschool children”

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

GBPOU "Nizhny Novgorod Provincial College" "Labor activity of preschool children"

RELEVANCE Labor education in preschool educational institutions is an important means of comprehensive development of the personality of a preschooler through familiarization with the work of adults, introducing children to accessible work activities. Raising the younger generation to be hardworking has always been the primary task of all educational institutions. The problems of labor education are quite relevant for preschool children, since at this stage the child develops personal qualities, skills and desire for work. Hard work is most successfully formed in preschool age. Their lack of formation at this age stage becomes an obstacle to educational and cognitive activity and subsequent adaptation to independent work. THE GOAL is to reveal the essence and features of the work activity of preschool children.

ANALYSIS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL LITERATURE ON THE PROBLEM OF LABOR ACTIVITY OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN V.A. Sukhomlinsky has repeatedly noted that any work makes a person creative, more joyful, intelligent, cultured, and educated. A.S. Makarenko emphasized that in order to successfully solve the problems of labor education of preschool children, the creation of the necessary conditions is of paramount importance. According to E.I. Radina, in joint work an adult can act as a role model not only with his skills, but also with his attitude to work. Scientists have made a significant contribution to the development of the problem of identifying signs and components of hard work in preschool children. However, the problem of instilling hard work in preschoolers as a basic personality quality still remains insufficiently developed.

CONCEPT AND FEATURES OF LABOR ACTIVITY Labor is a powerful educator in the pedagogical system of education (A.S. Makarenko). Labor education is the cultivation of a conscious attitude and inclination to work as a basic life need, through the formation of a habit of work by including the individual in active labor activity. Labor activity is an activity aimed at developing in children general labor skills and abilities, psychological readiness for work, the formation of a responsible attitude towards work and its products, and a conscious choice of profession. The labor activity of preschool children is an important means of education, mental development and is of particular importance for the formation of moral qualities. Labor education and work activity are a necessary and essential condition for the development of children’s independence.

TASKS OF LABOR ACTIVITY Preschool pedagogy identifies the following main tasks of children’s work activity: familiarization with the work of adults and instilling respect for it. training in simple labor skills. nurturing interest in work, hard work and independence. Fostering socially oriented motives for work, the ability to work in a team and for a team.

Tasks of labor education of preschool children (L. V. Kutsakova) GOAL - FORMATION OF A POSITIVE ATTITUDE TO WORK FORMATION OF PREREQUISITES FOR LABOR ACTIVITY EDUCATION OF A CHILD'S PERSONALITY EDUCATION OF A POSITIVE ATTITUDE TO WORK IN ADULTS TASKS Formation of labor skills Formation of components of activity Formation of social motives for work formation interest in the work of adults, instilling respect for working person, caring attitude towards the results of his work, nurturing the desire to provide all possible assistance, nurturing personal qualities, nurturing hard work, nurturing positive relationships between children

The “Kindergarten Education Program” reveals the scope of labor skills and abilities that children of each age group must master: 1st junior group - Children begin to be introduced to work, the main type of work at this age is self-service. 2nd junior group - Children continue to develop a desire for feasible work. Middle group - Children actively master various labor skills and techniques of working in nature, household work and self-service. Senior group - Manual labor is added. Emphasis is placed on the development of all skills and abilities available to children in various types of work. A conscious attitude and interest in work activities and the ability to achieve results are formed. Preparatory group - Formed skills and abilities are improved.

TYPES OF LABOR ACTIVITY OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN Self-service Household work Manual labor Labor in nature Work aimed at satisfying everyday personal needs Aimed at cleaning a group room, area Aimed at caring for and growing plants in a corner of nature, in a vegetable garden, in a flower garden. Aimed at maintaining order in the group: gluing books, boxes, affordable repair of toys, etc.

FORMS OF ORGANIZATION OF LABOR ACTIVITIES INSTRUCTIONS FOR DUTY COLLECTIVE WORK Individual Subgroup Collective General Individual Subgroup Mandatory systematic In the canteen, classes Episodic Long-term Delayed in time In the canteen, classes, in a corner of nature In high school. From the middle group Common work Joint work younger age older age

DUTY is a form of organizing children’s work, which requires the child to perform work aimed at serving the team. Children are alternately included in different types of duty, which ensures systematic participation in work. The appointment and change of duty officers occurs daily. Duty duties place the child under conditions of obligatory fulfillment of certain tasks necessary for the team. This allows children to develop responsibility towards the team, caring, and an understanding of the necessity of their work for everyone.

INSTRUCTIONS are tasks that the teacher occasionally gives to one or more children, taking into account their age and individual capabilities, experience, as well as educational tasks. Carrying out work assignments helps children develop an interest in work and a sense of responsibility for the assigned task.

COLLECTIVE WORK - collective can be called a form of labor organization in which children, along with work tasks, also solve moral ones: they agree on the division of labor, help each other if necessary, and “fear” for the quality of common, joint work. “COMMON” WORK - with a common goal, each child performs some part of the work independently (combines a common task and a common result). 1 GOAL 2 RESULT 3 “COLLECTIVE” WORK - close dependence on partners, pace and quality of activity. The goal, as in general work, is the same. GOAL 1 2 3 RESULT

Not every common or even every joint work is collective. But every collective work is common and joint.

COMPONENTS OF LABOR ACTIVITY

MEANS OF LABOR EDUCATION Children’s own labor activity; Training in labor skills and work organization; Familiarization with the work of adults; Organization of labor activity; Artistic media: fiction, music, works of fine art, filmstrips, videos

SPECIFICS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN'S WORK ACTIVITY A child's work is closely related to play. While performing a work task, children often switch to play. Work satisfies the child’s need for self-affirmation, for knowledge of his own capabilities, and brings him closer to adults. In the process of labor, children acquire labor skills and abilities that help the child become independent from adults and independent. Children's labor has no real material reward. The child’s work is situational and optional. All components of the work activity of preschoolers are in the development stage and necessarily require the participation and assistance of an adult.

CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LABOR ACTIVITY Creating an emotionally positive work atmosphere. Organization of the material environment and work equipment. Taking into account individual interests. Systematic inclusion of every child in labor as a partner. Taking into account the load, health status, and abilities of the child. Creating motivation and work activity. To develop the ability to set goals in work, awareness of the goal, the ability to see the result, and mastery of methods of action and skills are important. When forming purposeful work activity, it is important not only what and how the child does, but also what he works for. It is necessary to praise and encourage the child’s work activity. Labor cannot be punished. Educators must provide parents with the necessary assistance in organizing the work activities of their pupils at home. It should always be remembered that only in close collaboration with the family can the task of raising a child through labor be successfully solved.

CONCLUSION In conclusion, I would like to say that the process of developing the working activity of preschool children requires targeted pedagogical guidance, which consists of establishing influential ways to guide this process. After all, the labor education of the younger generation is one of the most important tasks of our society. The most important feature of children's work activity is that, despite the presence of all the structural components of activity in it, they are still in the development stage and necessarily require the participation and help of an adult. Therefore, the role of the teacher in the development of the preschooler’s work activity is the most important. The development of the work activity of preschool children will be successfully carried out if all conditions are met during the child’s work activity.

“LABOR HAS ALWAYS BEEN THE BASIS FOR HUMAN LIFE AND CULTURE, THEREFORE IN EDUCATIONAL WORK WORK SHOULD BE ONE OF THE MOST BASIC ELEMENTS” A. S. MAKARENKO

Features of labor education in the family

Parents must set a good example. If mom and dad are constantly arguing about who will go take out the trash or wash the dishes today, then it will be difficult to teach the baby to work hard.
Labor education should begin from an early age. Typically, children do not like to clean up their toys. In this case, do it together. All toys should have their place: books on the shelf, soft toys in the basket
If your child wants to do something on his own, don’t interfere. Even if the child didn’t wash the plate well or gets dressed too slowly. Be patient and also assign certain simple responsibilities to your baby.
Praise your child for anything he does. It is very important for kids to understand that they are great. Parents' admiration is the best reward
There is no need to force a child to work. The best option is joint work. Turn ordinary cleaning into a game, a competition
Entrust your baby with regular responsibilities according to his age: feeding pets, caring for flowers. This way the child will understand that his work is very important in the family.
The child needs to understand the result of his actions. Explain to him why he is doing this or that work: if you don’t feed the fish, they will die, and flowers will wither without water
Some instructions may not be clear to the child, so adults need to show the child exactly how to do the work. It will probably take some time for the child to understand. Be patient and repeat as many times as necessary
Monitor your baby. If a child does not do the job well, and the parents then finish it or redo it for him, then in the future the child will shirk from completing assignments, knowing that they will do everything for him anyway

Fostering hard work in young children

To achieve success in life, a person must be hardworking. Nature did not instill such a quality in us, so love for work must be developed. The main task of labor education for preschoolers is to teach hard work and to be responsible for the task being performed.

Labor education of children of primary preschool age begins with self-service, or carrying out simple instructions from parents in everyday life. Older children perform educational and social work. The sooner parents begin to introduce their children to household work, the easier it will be for them to cope with their work responsibilities in the future.

Each child, like any person, has his own specific interests in certain activities. And if you do not pay attention to such interest and desire of the baby, and do not engage in further development, then this interest may disappear altogether. It is important for mom and dad to support the child, as well as add something new that will help develop hard work. Combine business with pleasure in the form of play, and your child’s work will be easy; he will be interested in helping not only himself, but also those around him.

Kids love to imitate adults, it’s important not to miss this moment. Let your baby help you with simple family tasks: putting toys away, wiping the table, washing a cup, and so on. Allow your child to be independent, especially if he wants it himself.

Don't forget about rest, a little person needs it. In between work activities, allow your child to do what he likes.

Labor education of girls

Girls need to be involved in household work: taught to clean the house, do laundry, cook simple meals, and set the table. Such activities should be unobtrusive and properly organized so that the baby becomes more and more willing to help her mother. The daughter needs to understand that they need her help. As you grow older, you need to add more complex tasks: handicrafts, caring for the younger ones.

Working together, mother and daughter develop mutual understanding. In the future, all this will have a positive impact on caring for elderly parents.

Labor education of boys

The best example for a son is his father. If dad sits on the couch all day long and does not help his wife, then most likely the boy will not grow up to be a hard worker.

Depending on the age of the baby, dad can assign various work activities: helping during the repair of any items, giving tools, assisting with work in the garden or garage. A common cause promotes rapprochement and improvement of relationships. Repairing some simple household appliances can be turned into an interesting activity, stimulating the child’s greater interest.

Presentation “Organization of labor education for preschool children in preschool educational institutions”

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Slide captions:

Labor education is a joint activity of the teacher and students, aimed at developing general labor skills and abilities, psychological readiness for work, the formation of a responsible attitude towards work and its products, and a conscious choice of profession.

Tasks of labor education based on the classification of Yu.K. Babansky, V.I. Loginova, V.G. Nechaeva, R.S. Bure.

Helping the child master work activities (mastering the structure of activities, acquiring work skills)

Development of a child’s personality at work (development of personality traits, qualities

Formation of relationships and acquisition of social experience of interaction.

Tasks of labor education in preschool educational institutions

Training in labor skills and their further improvement

Cultivating interest in work, hard work, responsibility, independence

Familiarization with the work of adults, instilling respect for the worker and the results of his work, the desire to provide all possible assistance

Formation of relationships and acquisition of social experience of interaction (cultivation of socially oriented motives for work, skills to work in a team and for a team)

Contents of preschool work

(V.G. Nechaeva, G.N. Godina, D.V. Sergeeva, R.S. Bure, L.I. Zakharevich)

Handmade and artistic work

Form of labor organization:

Can be individual, subgroup, general;

By duration - short-term or long-term, permanent or one-time; The content corresponds to the types of work.

Involves the work of one or several children in the interests of the group (duty in the dining room, in a corner of nature, in preparation for classes).

Work is aimed at solving moral problems, creating favorable conditions for developing in children the ability to coordinate their actions, help each other, and establish a uniform pace of work.

Collective work (work by the whole group at an older age) -

Conditions for raising preschool children at work:

Creating an emotionally positive atmosphere during the work process;
Organization of the material environment and work equipment;
Taking into account the volume of workload when performing a labor task or work;
Taking into account individual interests, the child’s inclinations for a certain type of work, health status;
Inclusion of a teacher in the work of children as a partner;
Providing morally valuable motivation;
Creating the prerequisites for economic education in work: careful attitude to the results of labor, rational use of materials, an idea of the cost of objects and the labor invested in their creation;
Diversity of children’s work activities, hygienic requirements for the organization of children’s work activities and work equipment;
Methodologically correct guidance aimed at simultaneously solving the problems of training and education.

Means of labor education

Own work activity

A necessary means of labor education. Children learn specific work skills and abilities, achieve results, and satisfy their need for real inclusion in the world of adults. With the help of this tool, applied, practical problems of labor education are solved.

Introduction to adult labor

Allows you to expand the child’s understanding of the content of human activity, the social significance of work, and the attitude towards work. Aimed at solving the intellectual and moral problems of labor education.

Fiction, music, visual arts. Children form ideas about the content of work, about people’s attitude towards work, about how others evaluate the work of other people, etc. They serve to develop moral feelings and attitudes.

Solving moral problems in types of work:

Fostering independence, a culture of appearance, and the habit of neatness. This is the work of a child aimed at servicing himself (dressing, undressing, eating, cleaning the bed, toys, preparing the workplace, sanitary and hygienic

Direction of work towards others, responsibility to the group for the quality of one’s work. Aimed at serving the team, maintaining cleanliness and order in the premises and area, helping adults in organizing routine moments.

Development of volitional efforts and creativity.

Fostering responsibility for the lives of animals and plants. This is caring for plants, growing vegetables in the garden and plants in a corner of nature, a flower garden, or a plot.

Labor organization is the leading means of labor education.

During the labor process the following occurs:

Accumulation of practical experience,
Formation of skills and abilities,
Formation of ideas about work activity (presence of labor effort, obtaining results),
Formation of various knowledge (for example, about the growth and development of plants, about the benefits of the work of people of different professions),
Expanding your horizons,
Expansion of vocabulary,
Expanding ideas about sensory standards,
Participation in work allows children to demonstrate their skills,
Allows you to get an assessment
Feeling of joy from the result of work,
Showing attention to work partners.

“A person needs free labor in itself for the development and maintenance of human dignity”

Presentation on the topic: Labor education of preschool children. - presentation

T OCCUPATIONAL EDUCATION OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN. K ONOVALENKO S VETLANA B ORISOVNA

T RUD IS A POWERFUL EDUCATOR IN THE PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION SYSTEM OF A.S. M AKARENKO.

Direction of research: E.I. Radina Familiarization of children with the work of adults. V.G. Nechaeva Formation of labor activity of preschool children. Ya.Z. Neverovich Instilling in children respect for the work of adults and instilling industriousness, labor orientation, the formation of motives for the benefit of labor. V.I. Loginova Selection of knowledge about labor based on a systematic approach. R.S.Bure Forms of labor organization, education of relationships in work, development of labor education methods. A.D. Shatova Organization of assignments in the work of preschool educational institutions, their educational value, economic education of preschool children. D.V. Sergeeva Raising in children the ability and desire to work, methods of labor education.

Tasks of labor education based on the classification of Yu.K. Babansky, V.I. Loginova, V.G. Nechaeva, R.S. Bure. Group 1 Group 2 Helping the child master work activity (formation of work skills, abilities, its organization, planning, control, objective self-esteem). Development of the child’s personality in work (hard work, responsibility, habits of work effort); formation of a respectful attitude towards the worker, careful attitude towards the results of work; the formation of moral and volitional qualities (perseverance, determination), the formation of relationships and the acquisition of social experience of interaction.

Contents of preschool labor (V.G. Nechaeva, G.N. Godina, D.V. Sergeeva, R.S. Bure, L.I. Zakharevich) Self-service Household labor Labor in nature Manual and artistic labor

Form of work organization: Assignments - Can be individual, subgroup, general; By duration - short-term or long-term, permanent or one-time; The content corresponds to the types of work. Duty - Involves the work of one or more children in the interests of the group (duty in the dining room, in a corner of nature, in preparation for classes). General - Work is aimed at solving moral problems, creates favorable conditions for developing in children the ability to coordinate their actions, help each other, and establish a uniform pace of work. Joint - Collective work (work by the whole group at an older age) -

Labor organization is the leading means of labor education. In the process of work, the following occurs: Accumulation of practical experience, Formation of skills and abilities, Formation of ideas about work activity (presence of labor effort, obtaining a result), Formation of various knowledge (for example, about the growth and development of plants, about the benefits of the work of people of different professions), Expansion of horizons , Expansion of vocabulary, Expansion of ideas about sensory standards, Participation in work allows children to demonstrate their skills, Allows them to receive an assessment, Feeling of joy from the result of work, Showing attention to work partners.

Solving moral problems in types of work: Self-service - Nurturing independence, culture of appearance, habits of neatness. Household work - Focus of work on others, responsibility to the group for the quality of one’s work. Manual labor - Development of volitional efforts, creativity. Work in nature - Fostering responsibility for the lives of animals and plants.

Forms of introducing children to the work of adults: Observations, Excursions, Reading fiction, Looking at paintings and illustrations, Didactic games, Organization of feasible assistance to adults, Organization of joint work of children of senior preschool age with adults, Partnership relationships between them.

Conditions for educating preschoolers at work: Creating an emotionally positive atmosphere in the process of work; Organization of the material environment and work equipment; Taking into account the volume of workload when performing a labor task or work; Taking into account individual interests, the child’s inclinations for a certain type of work, health status; Inclusion of a teacher in the work of children as a partner; Providing morally valuable motivation; Formation of an economic way of thinking through familiarization with economic categories: money, things, labor, cost. Creating the prerequisites for economic education in work: careful attitude to the results of labor, rational use of materials, an idea of the cost of objects and the labor invested in their creation; Diversity of children’s work activities, hygienic requirements for the organization of children’s work activities and work equipment; Methodologically correct guidance aimed at simultaneously solving the problems of training and education.

Means of labor education: Children’s own labor activity; Training in labor skills and work organization; Familiarization with the work of adults; Organization of labor activity; Artistic media: fiction, music, works of fine art, filmstrips, videos, slides.

“A person needs free labor in itself for the development and maintenance of human dignity” K. Ushinsky..