Classification of outdoor games. Outdoor game in the pedagogical process

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The use of outdoor games in the pedagogical process presupposes strict adherence to the didactic principles of accessibility, systematicity, sequence of activity, and awareness.
For each age group, games must be selected in accordance with the principle of the predominant type of movement: walking, running, throwing, jumping or climbing. In pedagogy, outdoor games are widely used, in which, in addition to the basic movements, others are used, for example, rhythmic clapping, stamping, etc. When conducting them, the teacher can pursue different goals depending on the stage of the children’s physical development. Advanced Russian scientists P.F. Lesgaft, E.A. Pokrovsky, V.V. Gorinevsky, taking into account the important role of outdoor games in the development of a child’s physical strength and in acquiring certain skills, paid a lot of attention to the collection and study of such games. They explained their importance for the physical development of children and advocated their practical implementation in the system of education of the younger generation. Subsequently, these progressive ideas were reflected in the works of scientists who developed the theory and methodology of outdoor games in different parts of the physical education system.

Outdoor play is a natural companion in a child’s life, a source of joyful emotions that has great power.

Outdoor games are a traditional means of pedagogy. One of the characteristic features of outdoor games is the desire for results. The child experiences joy from satisfying the need for movement, from the emotional atmosphere of the game; a special emotional upsurge is caused by the achievement of a real, visible positive result - winning. The variety of outdoor games has long led researchers and compilers of collections to the need to group games and classify them. The study of outdoor games for preschoolers was carried out by such teachers as L.I. Chulitskaya, E.A. Arkin, M.M. Kontorovich, N.A. Metlov, L.I. Mikhailov, and later V.M. Boguslovskaya, A.I. Bykova, A.I. Sorokina, E.G. Baturina, N.G. Kozhevnikova, N.N. Quilpio et al.

Classification of outdoor games for preschoolers

Games are classified according to complexity, motor content, degree of physical activity, use of aids and equipment, and the primary formation of physical qualities. In the “Kindergarten Education Program” and in existing collections of outdoor games, the classification is based on the sign of the predominant type of movement (running or jumping, throwing, climbing, etc.). When selecting for each type of basic movements, continuity between age groups is observed. This helps the teacher plan games in connection with the formation of certain motor skills in children. In the collection M.M. Kontorovich and L.I. Mikhailova , it is customary to divide games according to the degree of muscle tension caused in children: into games of large, medium and low degrees of mobility. High mobility - the whole group participates (running, jumping, "Traps", "Tags") medium mobility - the whole group actively participates, but the nature of the movements is relatively calm (walking, passing objects) low mobility - movements are performed at a slow pace, moreover their intensity is not significant (walking game, attention games, “sea figure”, “Find and remain silent”).

Outdoor games are varied in their content and organization. Some games have a plot, roles, and rules that are closely tied to the plot; game actions in them are carried out in accordance with the requirements, given role and rules. In other games there is no plot and roles; only motor tasks are offered, regulated by rules that determine the sequence, speed and dexterity of their implementation. Thirdly, the plot, the actions of the players are determined by the text, which determines the nature of the movements and their sequence.

All games for preschool children based on movement can be divided into two large groups: outdoor games with rules and sports games . The first group consists of games that differ in content, in the organization of children, in the complexity of the rules and in the uniqueness of motor tasks. Among them are plot and plotless games, and fun games. The second group is sports games: gorodki, badminton, basketball, table tennis, football, hockey. When working with preschool children, they are used with simplified rules. In the younger groups of kindergarten, the most widely used are plot-based outdoor games , as well as simple games without a plot, such as traps and fun games. Plotless games with elements of competition, relay races, games with objects (kids, skittles, ring throws, serso, etc.) are not yet available to children. Sports games are not played at all at this age. At the same time, when working with children of primary preschool age, play exercises are widely used, occupying an intermediate place between gymnastic exercises and outdoor games.

Outdoor games and entertainment.

Uteupova Gaukhar Ergalievna. Secondary school No. 16, Solnechny village

Outdoor play is a natural companion in a child’s life, a source of joyful emotions that has great educational power.

Outdoor games are one of the traditional means of pedagogy. From time immemorial, games clearly reflect the way of life of people, their way of life, work, the idea of \u200b\u200bhonor, courage, courage, the desire to have strength, dexterity, endurance, speed and beauty of movements. Show ingenuity, endurance, creativity, resourcefulness, will, and desire to win.

Outdoor games are part of the patriotic, aesthetic and physical education of children. They develop a stable, interested, respectful attitude towards the culture of their native country, creating an emotionally positive basis for the development of patriotic feelings: love for the Motherland, its culture and heritage. This is one of the main and fundamental factors of children's physical development. Almost all preschoolers, without exception, like them, as they help improve motor coordination, muscle activity, physical balance, as well as the development of strength, mobility, dexterity, activity and speed of reactions. Moreover, all outdoor games are entertaining, thereby setting the child up for a positive perception of the world and for receiving positive emotions.

Play is a relatively independent activity for children and adults. It satisfies people's need for relaxation, entertainment, knowledge, and the development of spiritual and physical strength.

Outdoor play refers to those manifestations of play activity in which the role of movements is clearly expressed. Outdoor play is characterized by active creative motor actions motivated by its plot.

These actions are partially limited by rules (generally accepted, established by the leader or played) aimed at overcoming various difficulties on the way to achieving the goal.

In pedagogical practice, collective and individual outdoor games are used, as well as games that lead to sports activities.

Collective outdoor games are games in which both small groups of participants and entire classes or sports sections, and in some cases a significantly larger number of players, simultaneously participate.

Individual (single) outdoor games are usually created and organized by children. In such games, everyone can outline their plans, set conditions and rules that interest them, and, if desired, change them. Paths for carrying out planned actions are also chosen according to personal desire.

Games that lead to sports activities are systematically organized outdoor games that require stable conditions and contribute to students’ successful mastery of elements of sports technique and simple tactical actions in individual sports.

Outdoor games are one of the aids in playing sports. Similar games are also used by teachers conducting extracurricular and extracurricular work on physical education and sports with children and adolescents to organize their leisure time.

The activity of various analyzers, clearly expressed in outdoor games, creates favorable opportunities for training the functions of the cerebral cortex, for the formation of new temporary, both positive and negative connections, and for increasing the mobility of nervous processes.

This has a positive effect on the students’ mastery of individual sports-technical techniques and their combinations, creates the prerequisites for more successful mastery of tactical actions, and also confirms that outdoor games contribute to the development of will, endurance, discipline and other qualities necessary for everyone to achieve success in sports .

This somewhat general description of the auxiliary value of outdoor games in sports must be supplemented with comments. They relate to the uniqueness of the tasks, the features of the selection and conduct of outdoor games in relation to the specifics of gymnastics, athletics, ski training and sports games.

The content of an outdoor game consists of its plot (theme, idea), rules and motor actions.

The content comes from the experience of humanity, passed on from generation to generation.

Goal: protection and strengthening of the physical and mental health of children, including their emotional well-being; development of motor activity. Tasks:

Develop the ability to maintain a stable body position and correct posture. To develop in children a desire to play outdoor games with a teacher with simple content and simple movements. To promote the development of children's ability to play games, during which basic movements are improved (walking, running, throwing, rolling).

Targets: The child has developed gross motor skills, he strives to master various types of movements (running, climbing, stepping, etc.). Participates with interest in outdoor games with simple content and simple movements. Practical significance : this development can be used as a third physical education lesson, or for organizing children’s physical activity during the day.

Active children for children Outdoor game “ Cold - Hot”.

Goal: children’s ability to respond to signals while walking.

Children walk around the playground in different directions as usual, while counting the teacher or hitting the tambourine. To the signal “hot” they walk on their toes, to the signal “cold” - in a half-squat.

Rules: Maintain good posture in all types of walking.

Game " Horses"

Goal: teach children to run in different ways.

Children are divided into two equal subgroups, one of which is riders, the other is horses. The riders are located on one side of the platform, the horses are in the stable. The teacher is a watchman. Riders harness the horses using jump ropes or ropes (2 m long, stand one after another. At the word “walk”, the riders walk one after another in a normal walk, the horses raising their legs high. At the signal “run” they run, at the signal “gallop” they gallop, At the signal "scatter" they run in different directions around the playground. Then they walk one after another again. At the words "whoa!" they stop. Then the children change roles.

Rules: change movements on signal; do not collide when running.

Outdoor game "Jumpers"

» Goal: teach children to jump over obstacles in different ways.

Lines are drawn on the ground at a distance of 50–60 cm from one another. Children, one after another, jump over lines on two legs in different ways: straight, sideways, right and left, with a jump in place.

Rules: jump in the indicated way, pushing off with both legs at the same time; coordinate the force of the push with the obstacle (closer - further)

Game "Catch the Ball"

Goal: improve the passing of the ball from hand to hand.

The players form a circle, standing apart from each other at a distance of arms outstretched to the sides. The driver is located behind the circle. His place in the circle remains free. The fifth child, standing to the right of the driver, is given a ball. The children say in unison: “One, two, three - run!” ” - and pass the ball to the right in a circle. The driver runs behind the circle in the same direction, trying to reach his place before the ball reaches him.

Rules: pass the ball only to your neighbor; pass and run after the word “run”; someone who drops a ball picks it up

Game "Firemen in training"

Goal: improve the ability to climb a gymnastic wall. Children stand facing the gymnastic wall at a distance of 4–5 steps from it in 3–5 columns (according to the number of spans). There is a bell suspended at the top of each flight. At the signal, the children standing first run to the wall, climb on it and ring the bell. Then they get off and go to the end of the column. They mark the one who called first. The next children are running.

It is calculated which column has more winners.

Rules: climb in the prescribed way; do not skip the crossbars; go down to the end, do not jump.

Outdoor game " Owl"

Goal: learn to maintain balance in different poses.

The players scatter within the court. At the signal “night” they stop and do not move. At this time, the owl “flies out” - the driver takes away those who move.

Rules: stop in the position suggested by the teacher: stand on one knee; on socks; forming pairs, etc.

Games for grades I - IV

1. Dashes

The players stand in a circle, at a distance of three steps from each other. One of them becomes in the center. Each participant marks their place - a small circle around their feet on the ground.

At the command “Change!”, given by the person standing in the center, all participants change places, crossing the circle. The person standing in the center must take advantage of this dash to take someone else's empty place.

2. Passing the ball

The players are divided into two or more teams, located at a distance of several steps from each other, and stand in a column one at a time. The head players are at the same distance from the intended line drawn on the ground; each of them holds a ball in their hands. At the teacher’s command, the ball is passed from hand to hand over the heads of the players until it reaches the last player. He quickly runs forward, stands at the head of his column, and the transfer of the ball begins again. When the first player is last and receives the ball, he runs to the target line and places the ball on the ground. The one who does this before others ensures victory for his team.

Note.

The ball can also be passed between the players' legs or alternately: over the heads of odd-numbered players and between the legs of even-numbered players. You can also roll the ball between the players' legs from one end of the column to the other.

3. Change of numbers

The players stand in a circle, shoulder to shoulder, and are counted in numerical order. The driver is in the center. He calls out any numbers loudly. The called numbers must quickly change places, and the driver tries to take one of the empty seats. The one left without a seat becomes the driver.

4. "Wolf" and "lamb"

The players stand in a column one at a time, holding each other tightly by the waist. The first depicts a shepherd, the last a lamb, the rest - sheep. The player representing the wolf stands a few steps ahead of the “shepherd” (facing him). At the teacher’s signal, the “wolf” rushes to grab the “lamb”. The “Shepherd”, with his arms stretched out to the sides, tries not to miss him. "Sheep" run in the least dangerous direction. When the "lamb" is captured by the "wolf", the teacher assigns a new "wolf", "shepherd" and "lamb" and the game resumes.

5. Rope relay

The players are divided into two teams and stand in a column one at a time. The first and second players separate from the column and take the rope by the ends. At the teacher’s signal, they walk along the entire column, and the players jump in place, trying not to touch the rope. Then the first player stands at the end of the column, and the second and third players continue the game in the same way. The game continues until the first player is again at the head of the column. The team that finishes the relay first wins.

6.Hurry up to grab a seat.

The players form a circle and are counted in numerical order. The driver takes a place in the center of the circle. He calls out any numbers loudly. The numbers called must immediately switch places. Taking advantage of this, the driver tries to get ahead of one of them and take his place. If he succeeds, then the one who is left without a place goes to drive. The places assigned to the participants at the beginning of the game should not change when one or another temporarily becomes the driver.

Swan geese

The game develops your child's reaction and endurance.

On one side of the site there is a line separating the “goose barn”. In the middle of the site there are 4 benches, forming a road 2 - 3 meters wide. On the other side of the site there are 2 benches - this is a “mountain”. All players are in the “goose house” - “geese”. Behind the mountain there is a circle “lair”, in which 2 “wolves” are located.

At the signal - “Geese-swans, in the field”, the “geese” go to the “field” and walk there. At the signal “Geese-swans go home, the wolf is behind the distant mountain,” the “geese” run to the benches in the “goose barn.” “Wolves” run out from behind the “mountain” and catch up with the “geese.”

The players who are never caught win. Age: from six years

The game develops : attentiveness, endurance, coordination, dexterity, thinking, reaction

8.Hurry up to pick up

With this game you can have fun in a group. A participant stands in a circle with a diameter of 1 meter with a volleyball in his hands. There are 8 tennis (rubber) balls behind the player.

At a signal, the participant throws the ball up, and while it is in the air, he tries to pick up as many balls as possible and, without leaving the circle, catch the ball.

The participant who managed to pick up more balls wins.

The game develops: attentiveness, coordination, dexterity, reaction

9. Cones, acorns, nuts

An active game that children really like.

Children stand in threes and, holding hands, form a circle. Each of the three has a name: “cones”, “acorns”, “nuts”. The leader is outside the circle. The presenter says the word “nuts” (or “cones”, “acorns”), and all the players who have this name change places, and the presenter tries to take someone’s place. If he succeeds, then he becomes a nut (“acorn”, “cone”), and the one who is left without a place takes the place of the leader.

The game develops: attentiveness, coordination, dexterity, thinking, reaction

10.Birds, fleas, spiders

The group is divided into two teams. Each team, secretly from the other, decides who they will be - “birds”, “spiders” or “fleas”. Two teams stand in lines in the center of the hall and face each other with a gesture indicating the chosen animal. Spiders run away from birds, fleas from spiders, birds from fleas. The one who did not manage to reach the opposite wall moves to another team.

Purpose of the game: relaxation, concentration

game: Goal

This is an interesting game that develops dexterity, accuracy and coordination. Children stand behind the circle line. In the center of the circle is the leader. One of the players has the ball. Those standing behind the circle throw the ball at the leader, trying to hit him, or pass the ball to a friend so that he can make a throw. The leader runs, dodging the ball’s hits. The player who did not hit the leader with the ball takes his place.

The game develops: attentiveness, endurance, coordination, dexterity, accuracy, reaction

Give me a hand

Before the game, children choose a territory beyond which they cannot run. One leader is chosen - the tag, the rest of the players move freely around the court. The tag begins to catch players who are running away from him, while the children try to join hands with the closest player. Holding hands , they stop facing each other. In this case, the tag does not have the right to nag them. If the tag catches up with a single player, they change roles.

The game develops: attentiveness, endurance, dexterity, reaction

Jumping sparrows

.Preliminarily draw a circle on the asphalt using chalk.

In the center of the circle is the leader - the “crow”. Behind the circle are all the players who are “sparrows”.

They jump into a circle and jump inside it. Then they jump out of it in the same way. The “crow” tries to catch the “sparrow” when it jumps inside the circle. If the “sparrow” is nevertheless caught, then he becomes the leader and the game starts over.

The game develops : attentiveness, dexterity, thinking, reaction

British Bulldog

The game affects the child's endurance and reaction.

Children appoint two catchers (“bulldogs”). The Bulldogs stand on one side of the court, and everyone else stands on the opposite side. At the signal of one of the “bulldogs” all players must run to the other side. But so that the player is not caught by the bulldogs.

The game continues until all runners become bulldogs.

The game develops : endurance, reaction, strength

Homeless hare

An interesting game for children of primary school age. A hunter and a homeless hare are selected from among the players. The rest of the players are hares, draw a circle for themselves, and stand inside. The homeless hare runs away, and the hunter catches up with him. A hare can escape from a hunter by running into any circle, then the hare that was standing in the circle must immediately run away, because it becomes homeless, and the hunter will hunt for it. As soon as the hunter catches a hare, he himself becomes a hare, and the former hare becomes a hunter.

The game develops: attentiveness, endurance, thinking, reaction

White bears

Polar bears is an active group game for children of primary school age. Develops active creative motor actions motivated by the plot of the game. On the edge of the area, which represents the sea, a small place is outlined - an ice floe, on which the driver - the “polar bear” - stands. The rest of the “cubs” will be randomly placed throughout the site. The “bear” growls: “I’m going out to fish!” - and runs to catch the “cubs”. Having caught one “bear cub”, he takes him to the ice floe, then catches another. The two caught “bear cubs” join hands and begin to catch the rest of the players. Having caught someone, two “bear cubs” join their free hands so that the caught one ends up between their hands, and shout: “Bear, help!” and catch the rest of the “bear cubs”. When all the “bear cubs” are caught, the game ends.

The last player caught wins and becomes the “polar bear”.

Note. A caught “bear cub” cannot slip out from under the hands of the couple surrounding it until the “bear” has insulted it. When catching, it is forbidden to grab players by their clothes, and those running away are prohibited from running outside the boundaries of the area.

The game develops : dexterity, reaction, imagination

17. Three, Thirteen, Thirty

Three, Thirteen, Thirty is a game that develops attention and quick reactions in children. It can be used at school for physical education sessions for primary school students. Participants in the game agree in advance which of the numbers represents which action. The players line up in a line at a distance of arms outstretched to the sides. If the driver (teacher) says “three” - all players must raise their hands up, when the word “thirteen” - hands on the belt, when the word “thirty” - hands forward, etc. (You can come up with a variety of movements). Players must quickly execute the appropriate movements.

The game develops : attentiveness, reaction

LONG THROW

Players make three snowballs for themselves. Their task is to throw their snowball as far as possible from the outlined line (three snowballs equals three attempts). Whoever threw the furthest wins. The competition is best done twice. The first time children throw with their right hand, the second time with their left. Team competitions can be held. The throwing line and two more lines are indicated, a close throw and an average one (the distance is determined depending on the abilities of the players). Players are divided into 2-3 teams, and each player makes 3-5 snowballs for themselves. Standing in a column, the teams go to the designated throwing line and, at the teacher’s signal, take turns throwing snowballs at a distance. The teacher determines the results of throwing by awarding points to the teams: for a close throw (missing the near line) - 1 point; for the middle one (the snowball falls between the near and middle lines) - 2; for the farthest (if the snowball flew over the center line) - 3 points. 3-5 attempts are made (depending on how many snowballs are prepared). After all throws, the number of points for each team is calculated.

Another option might look like this: the player stands with his back to the court, his task is to throw the snowball over himself as far as possible. You can throw with your right or left hand.

For the game, you can select completely different and unusual throws, for example, from below, from the side, from the shoulder, etc. The main thing is that all players throw in the same way.

TWO IN THE SNOW

A circle with a diameter of 2 m is marked in the snow. Two opponents place a snowball on their heads (you can make flat snowballs) and stand opposite each other with their hands behind their backs. At a signal, they try to either push each other out of the circle, or make the opponent drop the snowball. The one who drops the snowball or leaves the circle loses.

You cannot adjust the snowball during a fight.

DUEL (WHO WILL WIN?)

Two opponents stand opposite each other at a distance of about 10 m, and each draws a circle around him with a diameter of 1 m. The third, the “second,” casts lots as to who should start. At the second's signal, the first player bends down, makes a snowball and throws it at the opponent. Then the second player shoots. If both hit or both miss, then the players continue to throw snowballs in turns. You can dodge the snowball in any way, but without leaving the circle. If one hits and the other misses, then he gives up his place to the next opponent. The most persistent duelist (who has hit the largest number of opponents) wins. You can aim anywhere except the head.

LIVING TARGETS

Two teams line up facing each other at a distance of 10-12 steps. Each participant in the upcoming shootout draws a circle around himself with a radius of half a meter and makes several snowballs. The head of the game stands on the side between the ranks. At his signal “First start!” The first player of one of the teams throws a snowball at the player standing opposite. In this case, the thrower has no right to leave the circle. The one being thrown at can dodge in any way (squat, jump), but without leaving the circle. Then a new command is given: “First answer!” Now a player from the other team throws a snowball back.

When all players throw snowballs at each other once, the judge counts the number of hits. For each hit the team gets 1 point. After three rounds, the total number of points scored by the teams is calculated. The team with the most points wins.

You can play a game with elimination after being hit by a snowball. Then the game ends relatively quickly, that is, when all players except the last one are knocked out of the circles. This player brings victory to his team.

HARES AND DOGS

This is an Estonian game called "Paide".

They play on slightly rough terrain. From among the players they choose two or three dogs, two or three hunters, the rest of the players are hares. At a signal, the hares run away, hiding behind trees and bushes (you cannot bury yourself, lie down or sit on the snow). At this time, hunters and dogs close their eyes and turn to the wall (in the opposite direction) so as not to see where the children are hiding.

At the leader’s signal, hunters with dogs go on a search. If the dog finds the player, it can call the hunter, but has no right to detain the player. The hunter must hit the hare with a snowball, only then is it considered that the hare has been caught. Snowballs can only be thrown at feet. They play until all the hares are caught or for a certain time. Considering the large number of catchers and seekers (hunters and dogs), the players will not have time to freeze, and they will have to run some more to break away from the dogs and disappear from sight again.

FILL THE HOLE

A hole of 5-7 m is dug in front of each team. At a signal, players begin to throw pre-prepared snowballs into the holes. Whichever team fills the hole faster wins. You can also play for points. Each hit in the hole is 1 point. Whoever scores 10 points faster wins (or that team wins).

WINTER AND SPRING

The players, having prepared snowballs, stand in the middle of the court in two lines at a distance of 2 m with their backs to each other. One line is the “Winter” team, the other is the “Spring” team. The presenter names one of the teams. The named team immediately runs off the court. The players of the other team turn and try to hit as many of the runners as possible with snowballs. The number of those covered with snowballs is counted. Then everyone takes their same places in the middle of the court again, and the game continues. The team that hits the most opponents with snowballs wins.

Covered with snowballs, they stop in place. After counting the snowballs, the players make new snowballs.

ZEST

A circle is marked on the playground (the diameter of the circle depends on the number of players). Players are divided into two teams and choose their captains. The team that is not in the circle, but outside the circle, will be determined by lot. Players behind the circle each take one snowball. So that the opposing team does not hear, the captain distributes numbers between the players. Then the team approaches the circle. Players hold snowballs behind their backs and begin to walk around. Suddenly the captain calls one of the numbers, and he throws a snowball at those inside. Players who are hit are eliminated. The captain can name himself. So he calls out different numbers until all the players have made a throw (the captain's task is difficult in that he needs to call out the numbers of his partners when they are in the most advantageous position for the throw). After which the number of knockouts is counted and the teams change roles.

Players should not throw a snowball at the head. And the circle must be made such that there is at least 3 m between the dodging players and the throwing players.

Rope walkers

For the game, you need a snow bank with a height of at least 30 cm and a length of at least 4 m; the width is determined depending on the abilities of the students. The players are divided in half, half stand on one side of the shaft, half on the other. The players' task is to move towards each other, separate and not fall over. Players can support each other and help (but only those who stand on the shaft). First they cross in pairs, one on one side, one on the other, the next one starts moving only when the previous pair has already descended. At the end, everyone climbs onto the shaft and walks towards each other, which makes the exercise much more difficult, since now you have to get around not just one, but many. Those who never fall win.

ROLL, ROLL

Two or three teams roll a large ball of snow (so that the team itself can roll it). They roll these comas up to the slide, place them on the same line, and then, at a signal, push their comas as hard as possible. Whose ball rolls the furthest, that team wins.

Then from these lumps at the bottom of the slide you can make something: a figure or a fortress for further games.

KING OF BEASTS

The driver is chosen - the king of beasts. The rest of the children are animals. Each animal must tell the king its name, but so that others do not hear (cheetah, wolf, bear, hare, etc.). The animals line up in one row (one line) in front of the king (3-4 m from him). There are snowballs at the king's feet. The king names some animal, it must turn around and run away as far as possible, and at this time the king bends down, takes a snowball and throws it at the runner. If he hits, he goes to the king and helps him. After the king has knocked out 2-3 animals, he can shout: “I’m catching all the animals!” Everyone runs, and he and his assistants try to knock out as many “animals” as possible from the remaining ones with snowballs.

All throws must be made from the designated line at which the snowballs lie; throwers cannot step over it. After 3-4 caught animals, you can change the king.

WHO WILL JUMP HIGHER?

The game develops leg strength well. They play on the gentle slope of the mountain. The task of the players lined up at the beginning of the mountain is to jump from the bottom up the slope. You can play by speed, then the winner is the one who jumps to the very top faster, or by the number of jumps - whoever makes the fewest jumps wins.

WHO'S NEXT?

The players stand in a line, each with a snowball in their hand. On a signal, everyone simultaneously tries to throw the snowball as far as possible. Whose snowball flies the farthest wins. Make throws with both right and left hands.

WHO IS THE MOST DEXTENT?

To play, you need to make 2-3 identical snow banks parallel to one another (length 2-4 m, width 20-45 cm, height at least 30 cm); behind the end of each shaft, at a distance of 3-4 m from it, a circle with a diameter of 70-80 cm is drawn, in which there is a snowball, and then at a distance of 2-3 m (the distance can be changed depending on the abilities of the players) - another circle. Children, one at a time, stand at the end of the snow bank and, at a signal, quickly walk along it, descend onto the snow, run to the first circle, stand in the middle of it, take a snowball and throw it into the next circle. The one who completes the task faster and more correctly wins.

You can count one point for completing each stage (balance on the shaft, running, throwing).

Game options : play in teams, based on the number of shafts, the team with the most points wins.

Instead of solid shafts of snow, rows of “bumps” are made, at a distance of 25-40 cm from one another. Children walk by jumping or stepping from hummock to hummock. Otherwise, the game continues the same as in the first version.

Games for V - VII grades

1. Circle chase

The players stand in a circle close to each other. The driver sits behind the circle and holds a tourniquet in his hands. At the teacher’s command, he runs in a circle and, without stopping, places a tourniquet behind one of the players. As soon as the player discovers this, he grabs the tourniquet and rushes in pursuit of the driver, trying to hit him with the tourniquet before he takes the vacant seat. If this is successful, they switch places and the chase continues until the free space is occupied. If the driver manages to make a full circle and again take the assigned tourniquet, then the missing player becomes the driver.

2. Fishing

To play the game, a rectangular area measuring 15 (20) x 30 (40) m is marked out. “Houses” are located behind the smaller sides of the rectangle. The two designated players (“fishermen”) stand in the middle of the court. At the command of one of them “Into the water!” the remaining players (“fish”) must run out of the “house” and “swim across” to the opposite side, avoiding the “fishermen” along the way and dodging them. The salted “fish” form a chain, on both sides of which there are “fishermen”. Game continues. Those standing in the chain help the “fishermen” catch the “fish”, but only the “fishermen” can salt. The “fish” are allowed to break the chain, but the “catch” does not count. Then the “fishermen” count their “catch” and choose two new “fishermen”. As a result of the game, the luckiest “fishermen” are determined.

3. On one leg in a circle

The players are divided into two teams, stand in a circle at a distance of 2-3 steps from each other and are calculated in numerical order. At the command of the leader, the first numbers, jumping on one leg, “run around” successively each player in front and behind, stand in front of the second numbers, etc. The team that finishes the game first wins.

4. Counter relay

The game involves two teams. Players on each team are counted in numerical order. The teams, in turn, are divided into two groups, which line up opposite each other in columns one at a time at a distance of 30-40 m: even numbers on one side, odd numbers on the other. At the teacher’s signal, the first numbers run to the column opposite and pass the baton to the first number, and they themselves stand at the end of the column. Having received the baton, the second numbers run and pass it to the third numbers, etc. Running can only begin after receiving the baton. The team that finishes the relay first wins.

Games for VIII - IX grades

1. Here and there

The players line up on the starting line (at a distance of 3-4 steps from each other). Everyone places 3-4 small objects at their feet. At the teacher’s signal, players draw three small circles along a line parallel to the start line (at a distance of 9-10 m from it); then they return to the starting line. At the signal, each player takes one of the objects lying at his feet and runs to his first circle to put the object in it; then he returns for the second item, etc.

When all the items are placed in the circles, the player, without stopping, returns to each circle in turn and, taking one item at a time, brings them back and puts them at his feet. The first one to finish carrying objects back and forth is considered the winner.

2. Pulling to your side

Two parallel lines are drawn on the site at a distance of 7-8 m from each other. Teams (10-20 people each) line up opposite each other in the middle of the distance between the lines. At the teacher’s signal, each player tries to drag the opponent standing opposite him beyond his team’s line. The game lasts 1 minute. The team that outlasts the most opponents during this time wins.

3. Push out of circle

A circle is drawn on the ground. The players sit inside the circle, holding their hands behind their backs. At the teacher’s signal, each player tries to push one of his neighbors outside the circle, pushing him with his back, shoulders and elbows (grabbing and pushing with a hand is prohibited). The one who remains in the circle is considered the winner.

4. Relay

The players are divided into 2 teams. Each team is located in random order at its starting line, drawn between two flags. The flags are 20 m apart. Players in teams are counted in numerical order. The first numbers, holding the baton in their left hand, stand behind their starting line. At the teacher’s signal, having run around 2 of their flags, the first numbers pass the baton to the second ones, go to the players of their team, etc. The team that finishes the relay first wins.

Games for X - XI grades

1. Consecutive relay

The game involves 2 teams. The distance is divided by lines into 4 segments: three of 10 m and the fourth - 5 m (to the flag). One player stands at each line; the fifth are behind the last line. At the signal, the first numbers of both teams run to the second and pass the baton to them, the second to the third, etc.

After passing the baton, the first to fourth numbers turn in a circle. The fifth numbers run around the flag and pass the baton in the reverse order. The team that finishes the relay faster wins.

2. Leapfrog

The players are divided into several teams and line up in columns. The first number of each column takes one of the positions. At the teacher’s signal, the second number in each column jumps over the first and stands 3 steps away from him in the same position. Subsequent numbers do the same as quickly as possible. When the first number is last, he, in turn, jumps over everyone standing in the column, returning to his place. The team whose first number finishes the game the fastest wins.

3. Circle relay

A large circle (10-20 m in diameter) is drawn on the ground and its center is marked. The players (from 20 to 100 people) are divided into several teams. Each team lines up in a column along the radius of the circle (with their backs to the center). The first players of the teams stand on the line of the circle, holding some object in their hands (flag, tourniquet, etc.)

The teacher stands in the center of the circle. At his signal, the first team players run around the circle in a western direction. As soon as they run away, the next players move onto the circle line. Having run around the entire circle, the lead player passes the flag to the second player, and he himself stands at the end of his column. The player who received the flag also runs around the circle, etc. The last player runs around the circle and passes the flag to the teacher. The team that finishes the relay first wins.

4. Tug of war

The players (10-30 people) are divided into 2 teams and located on opposite sides of the court. At a distance of 10-15 m from the location of each team, two parallel lines are drawn. Inside the resulting square, a rope 15 m long is placed, rolled into a ring (the ends of the rope are free and extended 1 m to the sides). At the teacher’s command “Attention - march!” everyone runs to the center of the site and, holding the rope, tries to drag it to their side.

The game lasts 1-2 minutes. The team that pulls the entire rope (or most of it) over its line wins.

Plotless outdoor games

Plotless games such as traps and dashes are very close to plot ones - they just don’t have images that children imitate, all other components are the same: the presence of rules, responsible roles (traps, tags), interconnected game actions of all participants. These games, like the story ones, are based on simple movements, most often running combined with catching and hiding, etc. Such games are available to both younger and older preschoolers.

Plotless games require children to be more independent, quick and dexterous in their movements, and spatially oriented. Gradually the games become more complex, with more complex tasks.

Game exercises

Outdoor games and exercises are interrelated, however, in terms of purpose, pedagogical objectives, content and methodology, the game and exercise are not identical. An outdoor game is based on a certain concept (figurative or conventional). Exercises are methodically organized motor actions, specially selected for the purpose of physical education, the essence of which is to perform specific tasks (“Crawl to the rattle”, “Hit the goal”, etc.).

Games with competitive elements

(“Whose line will be most likely to line up”, “Who will be most likely to go to their flag”, etc.). These games are based on performing certain motor tasks in accordance with the rules. Elements of competition encourage children to be more active, to demonstrate various volitional and motor qualities (speed, endurance, etc.) Games are available to older children (5–6 years old); they are not played in younger groups. Games with elements of sports games - are held only with children of senior preschool age according to simplified rules (small towns, badminton, hockey, basketball, etc.). Outdoor games , like other types of games, are a form of organizing children’s lives and are of great importance in developing communication skills and developing relationships between children in a kindergarten group. This point is especially important nowadays, when most children, for safety reasons, are deprived of the opportunity to participate in yard games, which until recently were a good educational school. Effective development of the physical qualities of children of primary preschool age is possible if a methodology is developed and used, including:

Purposeful use of a system of outdoor games, focused on the development of certain physical qualities (speed, agility, speed, etc.).
A more expanded scope of outdoor games compared to the traditional method.

Properly organized outdoor games can act as a way to correct children’s relationships, contribute to the development of positive qualities, and are a means that can have a positive impact on relationships with peers of middle preschool children. To solve the problem, it is necessary to use outdoor games in educational activities, since they can turn a lazy person into a hard worker, and a know-nothing person into a skillful person. Outdoor games were included in various forms of physical education such as: physical development classes, outdoor and indoor exercises, morning exercises, walks, etc.

At each physical development lesson, we used outdoor games of a different nature: large, medium and low mobility. Most often, games of a plot nature were used, since the plot captures the child’s attention, and emotions are most clearly manifested in them. To create children's interest in the game, we introduced masks into the games and turned on music. In relay games, various objects were used: jump ropes, rope, balls, skittles, etc. The feeling of joy in children was especially pronounced when the games were accompanied by music , since music affects children’s emotions and creates a certain mood in them. We used games to music during morning exercises and invigorating exercises. In the game “Entertainers,” we developed the expressiveness of movements in children, so that they felt relaxed, showed movements both with humor and with different emotional states. To do this, we used verbal image cues: Smile like: a cat in the sun; like Pinocchio; like a sly fox; as if you had seen a miracle. Get angry like: a child whose ice cream was taken away; like a person who has been hit. Be scared like: a child lost in the forest; the hare who saw the wolf; a kitten at which a dog barks. You are tired, like: dad after work; a person lifting a heavy load; an ant dragging a big fly. Relax like: a tourist who has taken off a large backpack; a child who worked hard but helped his mother. It was difficult for children to show these emotions at first. They didn't understand what we wanted from them. Children are very fond of outdoor games, where imitative movements are repeated simultaneously with words.

Outdoor games for children from 1.5 to 3 years old

Outdoor games for children of the first junior group of a preschool educational institution
Author: Oksana Evgenievna Lashkova, teacher of the private educational institution “kindergarten No. 4” of JSC “Russian Railways”, the city of Bologoe, Tver region. Description of work : I offer you a selection of outdoor games for children of primary preschool age. This material can be used by educators and parents for conducting outdoor games in a group room, at home and on a walk, with children from 1.5 to 3 years old. This material is aimed at developing children’s interest in gaming activities, at developing such qualities as coordination of movements, speed of reaction, spatial orientation, attention. Outdoor games comprehensively develop the child and evoke positive emotions from the actions performed. Goal : To introduce kids to a variety of outdoor games.
Increase physical activity and health of children. Develop attention, coordination of movements, and the ability to navigate in space. Play occupies a significant place in the life of every child. From an early age, while playing, a child first learns to manipulate objects and studies them. With age, he looks for their connections. When playing, a child develops not only motor skills, but also thinking, imagination, and fantasy. While playing, the child builds logical chains, thinks, reflects. It is impossible to imagine a child's childhood without play. It is not for nothing that it has been noted that the way a child behaves in a game, the same way he will behave in society. Many great teachers have developed and successfully implemented a huge number of games into programs. I work with the smallest children, from one to three years old. And over the years, I have collected a card index of games, which I use in my work. These are mobile, developmental and didactic. The benefits of outdoor games in a child’s life cannot be underestimated. During active movement, metabolic processes in the body, blood circulation, and breathing are activated. In addition, outdoor games develop coordination of movements, attention and speed of reactions, train strength and endurance, and relieve impulsiveness. I suggest you familiarize yourself with the few, but my kids’ favorite, outdoor games that can be played both in a group room and on a walk. I hope this will be useful to someone in a noble cause, in the education and formation of our infinitely beautiful younger generation. Outdoor games for children from 1.5 to 3 years old.

"Sunny bunnies"

Objectives: increase motor activity, develop dexterity; evoke positive emotions from the actions performed. Having gathered a group of children around him, the teacher uses a mirror to shoot sunbeams onto the wall and say: Sunbeams are playing on the wall, lure them with your finger, they will come running to you. After a pause, he gives the signal: “Catch bunnies!” Children run to the wall and try to catch the bunny slipping from under their hands.

"Catch the ball"

Objectives: to encourage action on a signal, to improve running in combination with actions, to enjoy joint actions. The teacher shows the children a basket with balls and invites them to stand next to him along one side of the playground. Then, with the words “catch up with the ball,” he throws them out of the basket, trying to make them roll in different directions, away from the children. Children run after the balls, take them and put them in the basket. The game repeats itself.

"Collect the balls"

Objectives: increase physical activity; contribute to the emergence of positive emotions from joint actions. For the game, balls (wooden or plastic) of different colors are selected. Having put them in a basket, the teacher invites the children to see how beautiful the balls are, telling them what color they are. Then he pours them out with the words: “That’s how the balls rolled... Catch up with them and put them back in the basket.” Children run after the balls and take them to the basket. When repeating the game, the teacher names who brought which ball: red, yellow, and so on. The teacher makes sure that the children do not bunch up, but run around the entire playground (each child runs at his own pace). At first, the game is played with a small group of children, gradually the number of players increases.

"Catch me"

Objectives: improve running in a certain direction; learn to navigate in space. “Catch up with me,” the teacher suggests and runs to the opposite wall of the room. Children run after the teacher, trying to catch him. Then the teacher again says: “Catch up with me,” and runs in the opposite direction, the children catch up with him again. After two runs, the children sit on chairs and relax. Then the game resumes. It is better to play the game with small groups of children: while one group of children plays, another watches, then the children change roles.

"Cat and Mice"

Objectives: increase physical activity; develop imitation movements; arouse interest and desire to perform actions in accordance with the text. The game is played with a small group of children in the playroom or on a walk. Using a cord, a place for mice is fenced off. A cat is chosen. She sits on a chair or stump. Mice sit in minks. The teacher says: The cat is guarding the mice, Pretending to be asleep. The mice crawl out of their holes and start running. After a while, the teacher says: Hush, mice, don’t make noise, you won’t wake up the cat…. This is a signal to the cat; she gets off the chair, gets on all fours, arches her back, loudly says “meow” and begins to catch the mice as they run into their holes. The game can be repeated 3-4 times, with other cats.

"Shaggy Dog"

Objectives: enrich motor experience; encourage children to follow the basic rules of the game; encourage independence; evoke a feeling of pleasure from communicating with adults and peers, as well as from performing movements. One of the children portrays a dog; he lies down on the mat, resting his head on his outstretched arms in front of him. The rest of the children quietly approach him, and the teacher at this time says: Here lies a shaggy dog, with his nose buried in his paws, Quietly, quietly, he lies, either dozing or sleeping. Let's go up to him, wake him up and see if something happens. The dog jumps up and starts barking. The children run away. The dog is chasing them. When all the children run away and hide, the dog lies down on the rug again. The game is repeated with a new driver.

"By the Bear in the Forest"

Objectives: learn to act on the teacher’s signal, improve running in a certain direction; teach orientation in space One of the children depicts a bear; he sits on a chair, hands folded under his cheek, pretending to be asleep. The rest of the children quietly approach him, bending over, as if picking mushrooms and berries, and at this time the teacher says: From the bear in the forest, I take mushrooms and berries, But the bear does not sleep, He keeps looking at me. And then he growls. And he will run after us. The bear jumps up and runs after the children. The children run away. The bear is chasing them. When all the children run away and hide, the bear sits down on the chair again. The game is repeated with a new driver.

"Chicks and the Cat"

Objectives: improve running; develop the ability to imitate, be attentive and act on a signal; encourage independent action; evoke a feeling of joy from joint actions, teach children to run in a certain direction. The teacher depicts a chicken, the children - chickens. A cat is selected as a counting machine. The cat sits on a chair to the side. The hen and chicks walk around the room. The teacher says: A crested hen came out, There are yellow chicks with her, The hen clucks: “Ko-ko, Don’t go far.” Approaching the cat, the teacher says: On the bench by the path, the cat has laid down and is dozing... The cat opens its eyes and catches up with the chickens. The cat opens its eyes, meows and runs after the chickens, which run away to a certain corner of the room - the “house”, to the mother hen. The teacher (chicken) protects the chickens, spreading his arms to the sides, and says at the same time: “Go away, cat, I won’t give you chickens!”

"Sun and Rain"

Objectives: to develop in children the ability to run in all directions without bumping into each other, to quickly respond to a signal, to teach them to carry out actions according to an adult’s word; encourage children's independence and initiative; evoke a feeling of joy from joint actions. Children squat down behind the chairs, located at some distance from the edge of the platform or the wall of the room, and look out the “window” (into the hole in the back of the chair). The teacher says: “The sun is in the sky! You can go for a walk." Children run all over the playground. To the signal: “Rain! Hurry home! — run to their seats and sit behind the chairs. The teacher says again: “Sunny! Go for a walk,” and the game repeats.

"Blow up the bubble"

Objectives: encourage children to act in accordance with words; learn to coordinate your actions with the actions of other children; consolidate the ability to stand in a circle, gradually expanding and narrowing it; develop physical activity. Children stand close together in a circle, holding hands. Together with the teacher they say: Blow up, bubble, Blow up big, Stay like that, Don’t burst. By reciting poems, children gradually expand the circle. When the teacher says: “The bubble has burst,” all the children lower their hands, saying in unison: “Pop,” and squat down. The teacher offers to inflate a new bubble: the children stand up, form a small circle again, and the game resumes.

"Train"

Objectives: teach to move in a certain direction, coordinate actions with other children, encourage independent actions. The teacher offers to play “train”: “I will be the locomotive, and you will be the carriages.” Children stand in a column one after another, holding onto the clothes of the person in front. “Let’s go,” says the teacher, and everyone begins to move, saying: “Choo-Choo.” The teacher drives the train in one direction, then in the other, then slows down, finally stops and says: “Stop.” After a while, the whistle sounds again, and the train sets off again. Where is the bell hiding? Objectives: learn to navigate in space; develop the ability to run in different directions; evoke a feeling of joy from joint actions.

Children stand facing the wall. The nanny hides at the other end of the room and rings the bell. The teacher tells the children: “Listen to where the bell is ringing and find the bell.” When the children find the bell, the teacher praises them and then asks them to turn to the wall again. The nanny rings the bell again, hiding in a different place.

"My funny ringing ball"

Objectives: teach children to jump on two legs; learn to listen carefully to the text; evoke a feeling of joy from active actions. Children sit on chairs placed in different places in the room. The teacher is in the center. He takes a large ball and begins to hit it with his hand on the ground, saying: “My cheerful, ringing ball...”. The teacher calls the children to him and invites them to jump like balls. Children jump at the same pace. The teacher puts the ball down and repeats the poem, moving his hand as if he were hitting the ball, and the children jump. Having finished the poem, the teacher says: “I’ll catch up!” The children run away.

"The little white bunny is sitting"

Objectives: improve running; develop the ability to imitate, be attentive and act on a signal; encourage independent action; evoke a feeling of joy from joint actions. On one side of the site the places of the hares are marked. Everyone falls into place. At the teacher’s signal “Run in a circle!” all the children gather in a circle, and one of the hares, whom the teacher appoints, stands in the middle. Children with a teacher recite poems and perform movements to the text: The little white bunny sits and wiggles his ears - the children stand in a circle, Like this, this is how he wiggles his ears! – move their hands, raising them to the head. It’s cold for the bunny to sit, he needs to warm his paws, Clap-clap, clap-clap, he needs to warm his paws - they clap their hands. It’s cold for the bunny to stand, the bunny needs to jump hop-hop, hop-hop, hop-hop, the bunny needs to jump - they jump on 2 legs in place. Someone scared the bunny, the bunny jumped and galloped away! – the teacher claps his hands, the children run away to their homes.

"Birds in Nests"

Objectives: enrich motor experience; encourage children to follow the basic rules of the game; encourage independence; evoke a feeling of pleasure from communicating with adults and peers, as well as from performing movements. On one side of the playground, hoops (“nests”) are laid out freely according to the number of children. Each child (“bird”) stands in his own “nest”. At the teacher’s signal, the children - “birds” run out of the hoops - “nests” - and scatter throughout the entire playground. The teacher imitates feeding the “birds” at one or the other end of the playground: the children squat down, hitting their knees with their fingertips - they “peck” at the food. “The birds have flown to their nests!” - says the teacher, the children run to the hoops and stand in any free hoop. The game is repeated, jump twice.

"Geese - geese"

Objectives: improve running in combination with hand actions; evoke a need to imitate; enjoy joint activities. Children pretend to be geese, standing at one end of the room, and an adult stands at the other end. They take turns saying: Adult: Geese, geese! Children: Ha-ha-ga! Adult: Do you want something to eat? Children: Yes, yes, yes! Adult: Come to me! The geese children fly towards the adult, flapping their wings, hissing: “Sh-sh-sh.” Then the adult says: “Ksh! Run into the field!” The geese run back to their place.

"Birds and Cars"

Objectives: improve walking in different directions, on a limited surface; develop attention and the ability to respond to signals; encourage active interaction with peers. All children pretend to be birds. The role of the car is initially played by the teacher. He says: “The birds have flown out for a walk.” Bird children fly around the group, flapping their wings, pecking at grains. At the teacher’s signal “Car!” The birds quickly run away from the road. One part of the children is placed on one side of the group; the playgrounds are birds. On the other side there is another part of the children - these are cars. The teacher says: “The birds are flying!” — the birds fly, flap their wings, squat, peck grains. At the signal “Cars have left!” children pretending to be cars drive onto the road, and birds fly away to their nests. Cars drive along the road, avoiding obstacles (benches, cubes). When repeating the game, children change roles.

"Carousels"

Objectives: develop balance, learn to coordinate your actions with the words of the text, with movements with each other and the rhythm of the text; develop attention; evoke positive emotions. Children take hold of the hoop and, following the words of the teacher, move in a circle, first slowly, then faster and faster, and then gradually slow down. Barely, barely, barely, barely The carousel spun, And then, then, then Everyone ran, ran, ran. Hush, hush, don't rush, stop the carousel. One-two, one-two, The game is over.

"Present"

Objectives: to cultivate friendly, benevolent relationships; learn to imitate movements characteristic of a particular toy; develop imagination. The teacher invites the children to form a circle and calls to him the one who will be the first to choose a toy. The child goes to the middle of the circle, and the teacher and the children dance in a circle to the words: We brought you gifts, Whoever wants it will take it, Here is a doll with a bright bow, A horse, a top and an airplane. When the words end, the children stop. The teacher turns to the child in the center of the circle and asks which gift (from those listed) he wants to receive. If he chooses a horse, then all the children, following the words of the teacher (our horse gallops chok-chok-chok, you can hear the clatter of fast legs), pretend to be a horse (jump), if a doll, then everyone dances like dolls (doll. Doll dance, wave a bright ribbon ) if the top (this is how a top spins, it buzzes and rolls) - everyone spins. The teacher invites the child to choose the best “gift” from among the children. The selected child changes the previous one in the center and the game repeats.

We recommend watching:

Water games for the second younger group. Card index Educational game for children of the 1st junior group in kindergarten Picture puzzles with answers for elementary school students Games with pebbles for children of the junior group in kindergarten

Examples of outdoor games

In the game “Homeless Hare,” children performed the movements of hares: they jumped onto the meadow, had fun, danced, waved their paws, and sang songs. One student was so busy doing the moves that she forgot about the fox and was very surprised and confused when she was left without a house. When playing the game again, we reminded her about the fox. She was very pleased when she managed to occupy the house. We developed the emotions of surprise, fear, anger, pity in the game “Geese and the Wolf” . In order to unite the children's team, we use group games (especially team games) to unite players with a common goal - victory in the competition. Team members will help each other quickly complete the task you set, and after the game the children will discuss their impressions and share their emotions for a long time. In the process of physical education of children of primary preschool age, outdoor play plays a leading role. Being one of the main means and methods of physical education, outdoor play allows you to effectively solve health-improving and educational tasks. It has a comprehensive impact on the physical development and health of the child. During the game, the motor activity of children causes an active state of the whole organism, enhances metabolic processes, and increases vitality. In the process of play activities, children develop moral and volitional qualities, develop cognitive powers, and gain experience in behavior and orientation in a group environment. An active game with rules is a conscious, active activity of a child, the goal of which is achieved by accurate and timely completion of tasks related to the rules that are mandatory for all players. According to the definition of P.F. Lesgaft, outdoor play is an exercise through which a child prepares for life. The exciting content and emotional intensity of the game encourage certain mental and physical efforts. Play can be a means of self-knowledge, entertainment, relaxation, and a means of physical and general education. Play is a very emotional activity, so it is of great value in educational work. Among the wide variety of games in the formation of a child’s diversified personality, outdoor games are given the most important place. The importance of outdoor games is great: they are both a means and a method of raising a child. Outdoor play as a means and as a method is characterized by a variety of effects on the child due to physical exercises included in the game in the form of motor tasks. In outdoor games, various movements are developed and improved in accordance with all their characteristics, the characteristics of children’s behavior and the manifestation of the necessary physical and moral qualities are directed. With the help of outdoor games, you can solve various problems of moral, mental and, of course, physical education. As Shapkova L.V. notes, “with hypokinesia (inactivity) in children, the activity of biochemical processes decreases, immunity to colds and infectious diseases weakens, the range of capabilities of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems narrows, the neuromuscular system weakens, various postural defects form, which leads to muscle hypotonia, decreased mobility of the chest in all its parts, general weakening of the body and decreased vitality. A characteristic consequence of these disorders in the functioning of various systems and organs is the deterioration of physical and psychomotor qualities: coordination, accuracy and speed of movements, speed of motor reaction, mobility and general performance.” Taking into account the age characteristics and physical fitness of those involved in outdoor games, they have a beneficial effect on the growth, development and strengthening of the musculoskeletal system, the muscular system, on the formation of correct posture in children, and also increase the functional activity of the body. Active motor activity of a playful nature and the positive emotions it evokes enhance all physiological processes in the body, improve the functioning of all organs and systems. A large number of movements activates breathing, blood circulation and metabolic processes. This in turn has a beneficial effect on mental activity. It has been proven that outdoor games improve the physical development of children, have a beneficial effect on the nervous system and improve health, because Almost every game involves running, jumping, throwing, balance exercises, etc. The game plays a big role in the formation of personality. During the game, memory and ideas are activated, thinking and imagination are developed. During the game, children act in accordance with the rules, which are mandatory for all participants. The rules regulate the behavior of the players and contribute to the development of mutual assistance, collectivism, honesty, and discipline. At the same time, the need to follow the rules, as well as overcome obstacles inevitable in the game, contributes to the development of strong-willed qualities - endurance, courage, determination, and the ability to cope with negative emotions. Children learn the meaning of the game, learn to act in accordance with the chosen role, creatively use existing motor skills, learn to analyze their actions and the actions of their comrades. Outdoor games are often accompanied by songs, poems, counting rhymes, and game starters. Such games replenish vocabulary and enrich children's speech. In outdoor games, the child has to decide for himself how to act in order to achieve the goal. Rapid and sometimes unexpected changes in conditions force us to look for more and more new ways to solve emerging problems. All this contributes to the development of independence, activity, initiative, creativity, and intelligence. Outdoor games are of great importance for moral education. Children learn to act in a team and obey common requirements. Outdoor play is collective in nature. The opinion of peers is known to have a great influence on the behavior of each player. In a collective outdoor game, each participant is clearly convinced of the benefits of common, friendly efforts aimed at overcoming obstacles and achieving a common goal. The main task of outdoor games is to strengthen the health of those involved and promote their proper physical development; promote the acquisition of vital motor skills and abilities and improvement in them; development of reaction, development of dexterity, knowledge of movement and new capabilities of the body. To implement the tasks, it is necessary to apply the following methods:

Analysis of theoretical and scientific-methodological literature on the research topic;
Pedagogical supervision;
Questioning.

Theoretical analysis and synthesis of literature involves a search for literary sources, which was carried out in libraries, materials from magazines, collections of scientific papers, other scientific and scientific-methodological publications were analyzed, and Internet resources were also used. Many researchers recommend including outdoor games in physical education classes at preschool educational institutions and in children’s daily lives. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the proposed outdoor games for physical development with children. Having mastered the general tasks of education, we apply them taking into account the individual characteristics of each child. To do this, we used medical examination data for all indicators in order to know which of the children had deviations from the norm of physical development. For the first time, work days analyzed the state of children's motor skills, as well as their overall level of development.

We outlined specific tasks for each child. Children who are timid and unsure of their movements need help in overcoming difficulties: lower the rope lower when jumping, place the basket closer when throwing a ball, support them for balance while walking, etc. But this must be done unnoticed so that the child’s self-esteem does not suffer. Children are easily excitable, overly active and also require attention; we often involve them in games that contribute to the development of inhibitory processes. We carefully analyze an unfamiliar game, mentally play it and only after that offer it to the children. We also first think through where it would be more appropriate to hold this or that game: indoors or on the site. Methodological literature usually recommends learning new games in class. But this can also be done during play hours, for example during a morning walk, when children and the teacher have enough time at their disposal. In order for this work to be systematic in each group, so that not a single child falls out of attention, outdoor games are included in the long-term plan of educational work, as well as in the plan of work for every day. It should be noted what outdoor games will be played with the whole group, what games he will organize with a group of children, and which he will offer to individual children. With the help of the game, the head of physical education or teacher carries out several tasks: strengthens, heals the children’s body, develops movements, causes joyful experiences, develops moral qualities, etc. When including a particular game in the plan, the teacher must know what qualities and skills he can develop and consolidate with its help: in one game running predominates, and in another - throwing, in one - endurance is required from children, and in another - agility, etc. When choosing a game, the teacher should keep in mind where he assumes to carry it out: indoors or on the site.

When selecting games, seasonality is also taken into account. In the summer, when children live among nature, you can use games such as “Catching Butterflies”, “Frogs and Heron”, etc. For winter time, you need to select games in which you can use specific winter materials - snow banks for jumping and balance, snowballs for throwing, etc. When planning games, the teacher should take into account the state of the group. In the case where the group is not sufficiently organized, it is better to initially conduct quieter games in a circle, games with singing, gradually moving on to games with scattered movement, or give simple games. When choosing a game, the teacher takes into account its place in the daily routine; for example, at the end of the day, when the children are already tired, he plays a quieter game. When selecting games for classes, in addition to general educational tasks, you have to especially take into account the hygienic side of each game - the degree of its load, the impact on physiological processes. The choice of game for a lesson depends on which part of the lesson it is included in. If the game is given in the first part of the lesson, it is introduced in order to organize a children's team, teach children to line up in a column, in pairs, in a circle, and place themselves on the playground. These are, for example, the games “Whose team will get together sooner”, “Find yourself a mate”, etc. In the second part of the lesson, a high mobility game is played. For the final part of the lesson, a game of medium or low mobility is selected, the goal of which is to bring the body to a relatively calm state. You can use the following games for this: “Who left?”, “Guess by the voice,” “Find where it’s hidden.” Most often, one, sometimes two games are given in a lesson. For example, one game is included in the second - the main part of the lesson (required), another - in the final one. Outdoor games, creating an atmosphere of joy, make the most effective complex solution to health, educational and educational problems. Active movements, determined by the content of the game, evoke positive emotions in children and enhance all physiological processes.

Children’s play activities objectively combine two very important factors: on the one hand, children are involved in practical activities, develop physically, and get used to acting independently; on the other hand, they receive moral and aesthetic satisfaction from this activity and deepen their knowledge of their environment. All this ultimately contributes to the education of the individual as a whole. Consequently, outdoor games are an effective means of diversified development.

Outdoor games for children 3–7 years old with a detailed description of the rules of the game

Maria Balashova (Maleeva)

Outdoor games for children 3–7 years old with a detailed description of the rules of the game

Outdoor games for children 3-7 years old with a detailed description of the rules of the game.

The role of play in the formation and development of a child cannot be overestimated. It is in play that a child learns about the world around him, its laws, and learns to live according to the rules . All children love to move, jump, gallop, and run races. Outdoor games with rules are a conscious , active activity of the child, which is characterized by timely and accurate completion of tasks related to the rules that are mandatory for all participants. Outdoor play is a kind of exercise with which children prepare for life.

• Classification of outdoor games . Outdoor game in the pedagogical process

• Russian folk outdoor games in kindergarten . Implementation of the regional component of the program in preschool educational institutions

• Outdoor games for first grade children (6-7 years old)

Outdoor games are of great importance in a child’s life, as they are an indispensable means for a child to gain knowledge and ideas about the world around him. They also influence the development of thinking, ingenuity, dexterity, dexterity, and moral-volitional qualities. Outdoor games for children strengthen physical health, teach life situations, and help the child receive proper development .

Children of primary preschool age in play, as a rule , imitate everything they see. In children's outdoor games , as a rule , it is not communication with peers that is manifested, but a reflection of the life that adults or animals live. Children at this age enjoy flying like sparrows, jumping like bunnies, flapping their arms like butterflies with wings. Thanks to the developed ability to imitate, most outdoor games of children of primary preschool age have a plot character.

The content of outdoor games for young children 3-4 , 4-5 years old in kindergarten is aimed at developing types of movement: running, jumping, climbing.

• Outdoor game “Mice dance in a circle”

Goal: develop motor activity

Description : before starting the game you need to choose a driver - “cat”

.
The cat chooses a “stove”
(it can be a bench or a chair), sits on it and closes his eyes. All other participants join hands and begin to dance around the cat with the words:

The mice dance in circles

The cat is dozing on the stove.

Quieter than a mouse, don't make noise,

Don't wake up Vaska the cat,

Vaska the cat will wake up -

He’ll break up our round dance!”

While pronouncing the last words, the cat stretches, opens his eyes and begins to chase mice. The caught participant becomes a cat, and the game starts over.

• Game “Sunshine and Rain”

Objectives: to teach children to find their place in the game, navigate in space, develop the ability to perform actions on a signal from the teacher.

Description : Children sit in the hall on chairs. Chairs are their “home”

.After the teacher’s words:
“What good weather, go for a walk!”
, the guys get up and begin to move in any
direction . As soon as the teacher says: “It’s raining, run home!”
, children must run to the chairs and take their place.
The teacher says “Drip – drip – drip!”
Gradually the rain subsides and the teacher says:
“Go for a walk.
The rain has stopped!” .

• Game “Sparrows and the cat”

Objectives: teach children to jump gently , bending their knees, run, dodge the driver, run away, find their place.

Description : Circles are drawn on the ground - “nests”

.
Children - “sparrows”
sit in their
“nests”
on one side of the playground.
On the other side of the site there is a “cat”
.
As soon as the “cat”
falls asleep,
the “sparrows”
fly out onto the road, fly from place to place, looking for crumbs and grains.
The “cat”
wakes up, meows, and runs after the sparrows, which must fly to their nests.

First the role of the “cat”

performed by the teacher, then by one of
the children .
• Outdoor game “Sparrows and a car”

Another game for children 3-5 years old about sparrows.

Objectives: to teach children to run in different directions , to start moving or change it at the leader’s signal, to find their place.

Description : Children are “sparrows”

, sitting in their
“nests” (on the bench)
.
The teacher depicts a “car.”
As soon as the teacher says:
“The sparrows have flown onto the path
,” the children rise from the bench and begin to run around the playground. At the teacher’s signal:
“The car is moving, fly the sparrows to their nests!”
-
the “car”
leaves
the “garage”
, and the children must return to the
“nest” (sit on the bench)
.
The "car"
returns to the
"garage"
.

• Game "Cat and Mice"

There are many games for children with cats and mice involved. Here is one of them.

Objectives: This active children develop the ability to perform movements on a signal. Practice running in different directions .

Description : Children are “mice”

sitting in holes
(on chairs along the wall)
.
In one of the corners of the playground sits a “cat”
- a teacher. The cat falls asleep and the mice scatter around the room. The cat wakes up, meows, and begins to catch mice, which run into their holes and take their places. When all the mice return to their holes, the cat walks through the hall again, then returns to its place and falls asleep.

• Outdoor game for preschoolers “At the Bear in the Forest”

Objectives: develop the speed of reaction to a verbal signal, exercise children in running , develop attention.

Description : Among the participants, one driver is chosen to be the “bear”

.
Draw two circles on the playground. The first circle is the bear's den, the second circle is the home for the rest of the game .
The game begins with the children leaving the house with the words: There is a bear in the forest

I take mushrooms and berries.

But the bear doesn't sleep,

And he growls at us.

As soon as the children said these words, "bear"

runs out of the den and catches
the children . The one who did not have time to reach the house and was caught by the “bear”
becomes the driver (
“bear”
).

• Through the stream ( an active game with jumping )

Objectives: Teach how to jump correctly , walk along a narrow path, and maintain balance.

Description : Two lines are drawn on the site at a distance of 1.5 - 2 meters from one another. At this distance, pebbles are drawn at a certain distance from each other.

The players stand at the line - on the bank of a stream, they must cross (jump over)

over the pebbles without getting your feet wet. Those who stumbled and got their feet wet go to dry them in the sun and sit on a bench. Then they get back into the game.

• Game “Birds and Cat”

Objectives: Learn to follow the rules of the game . React to a signal.

Description : for the game you will need a mask of a cat and birds, and a large circle drawn.

Children stand in a circle on the outside. One child stands in the center of the circle (the cat falls asleep (closes his eyes, and the birds jump into the circle and fly there, pecking at the grains. The cat wakes up and begins to catch the birds, and they run away outside the circle.

• Game “Snowflakes and the Wind”

Tasks: Practice running in different directions , without bumping into each other, act on a signal.

Description : At the signal “Wind!”

children -
“snowflakes”
- run around the playground in different
directions , spinning ( “the wind swirls snowflakes in the air”
).
At the signal “No wind!”
- squat (
“snowflakes fell to the ground”
).

• Outdoor game “Find yourself a partner”

Objectives: to develop in children the ability to perform actions on a signal, to quickly form pairs.

Description : Participants stand along the wall. Each of them receives a flag. As soon as the teacher gives a sign, the children scatter around the playground. After the command “Find yourself a mate”

, participants with flags of the same color are paired up.
An odd number of children must participate in the game and at the end of the game one is left without a pair.
All of these outdoor games can be successfully used for playing in a kindergarten in a group or on a walk. Children of different ages: from 3-year-old children to children of the middle group enjoy playing them.

• Outdoor games for children 5-7 years old

In children 5-6 , 6-7 years old, the nature of play activity changes somewhat. Now they are already beginning to be interested in the result of the outdoor game , they strive to express their feelings, desires, and implement their plans. However, imitativeness and imitation do not disappear and continue to play an important role in the life of an older preschooler. These games can also be played in kindergarten.

• Game "Bear and Bees"

Tasks: practice running, follow the rules of the game .

Description : participants are divided into two teams - “bears”

and
"bees"
.
Before the start of the game, the “bees”
take places in their
“hives” (benches or ladders can serve as hives)
.
At the command of the leader, the “bees”
fly to the meadow for honey, and at this time
the “bears”
climb into
the “hives”
and feast on honey.
Hearing the signal “Bears!”
, all
the “bees”
return to
the “hives”
and
“sting” (salat)

the “bears”
who did not have time to escape .
The next time, the stung “bear”
no longer goes out to get honey, but remains in the den.

• Game "Burners"

Tasks: practice running, respond to a signal, follow the rules of the game .

Description children take part in the game , who become pairs and hold hands. In front of the column there is a driver who looks forward. The children repeat the words in chorus:

Burn, burn clearly

So that it doesn't go out,

Look at the sky -

Birds are flying

The bells are ringing!

Once! Two! Three! Run!

As soon as the participants say the word “Run!”

those standing in the last pair in the column release their hands and run forward along the column, one on the
right side , the other on the left.
Their task is to run forward, stand in front of the driver and join hands again. The driver, in turn, must catch one of this pair before they hold hands. If you manage to catch, then the driver and the caught one will form a new pair, and the participant left without a pair will now lead. • Outdoor game “Two Frosts”

A well-known game for preschoolers with simple rules . Objectives: to develop inhibition in children , the ability to act on a signal, and practice running.

Description : On opposite sides of the site there are two houses, indicated by lines. Players are placed on one side of the court. The teacher selects two people who will become drivers. They are located in the middle of the area between the houses, facing the children. These are two Frosts - Red Nose Frost and Blue Nose Frost. At the teacher’s signal “Start!”

both Frosts say the words: “We are two young brothers, two frosts are daring.
I am Frost Red Nose. I am Frost Blue Nose. Which of you will decide to set out on the path?” All the players answer: “We are not afraid of threats and we are not afraid of frost”
and run to the house on the opposite side of the site, and Frosts try to freeze them, that is, touch them with their hands. Those of the guys who were touched by Frost freeze in place and remain like that until the end of the run. The frozen ones are counted, after which they join the players.

• Game "Sly Fox"

Goal: to develop agility, speed, coordination.

Description : A line is drawn on one side of the site, thereby indicating the “Fox House”

.
The teacher asks the children , who are located in a circle, to close their eyes. the formed circle behind and touches one of the participants, who from that moment becomes a “sly fox
.

After this, the teacher invites the children to open their eyes and, looking around, try to determine who the sly fox is. Then the children ask 3 times: “Sly fox, where are you?”

.
At the same time, the questioners look at each other. After the children have asked the third time, the sly fox jumps into the middle of the circle, raises his hands up and shouts: “I’m here!”
.
All participants scatter around the site in all directions, and the sly fox tries to catch someone. After 2-3 people are caught, the teacher says: “In a circle!”
and the game starts again.

• Game “Deer Catching”

Objectives: practice running in different directions , agility.

Description : Two shepherds are selected from among the participants. The remaining players are deer located inside the outlined circle. The shepherds are behind the circle, opposite each other. At the leader’s signal, the shepherds take turns throwing the ball at the deer, who try to dodge the ball. The deer that the ball hit is considered caught and leaves the circle. After several repetitions, he counts the number of deer caught.

• Game "Fishing Rod"

Objectives: develop dexterity, attention, speed of reaction.

Description : participants are located in a circle. In the center there is a driver - a teacher. He holds a string in his hands, at the end of which a small bag of sand is tied. The driver rotates the rope in a circle just above the ground. Children jump in such a way that the rope does not touch their legs. Those participants whose legs are hit by the rope are eliminated from the game .

• Game “Hunters and Falcons”

Tasks: practice running.

Description : All participants - falcons - are on one side of the hall. There are two hunters in the middle of the hall. As soon as the teacher gives the signal: “Falcons, fly!”

participants must run to the opposite side of the hall.
The hunters' task is to catch (spot)
as many falcons as possible before they have time to cross the conditional line. Repeat the game 2-3 times, then change the drivers.

• Game "Spider and Flies"

Objectives: to develop in children the ability to perform actions on a signal.

Description : in one of the corners of the hall, a circle indicates a web in which there is a spider - the driver. All the other guys are flies. All flies "fly"

around the hall, buzzing.
At the presenter’s signal “Spider!”
the flies freeze. The spider comes out of hiding and carefully examines all the flies. He takes those who move into his web. After two or three repetitions, the number of flies caught is counted.

• Outdoor game “Mousetrap”

Objectives: to develop in children the ability to perform actions on a signal.

Description : Two participants stand facing each other, join their hands and raise them higher. After this, both say in unison:

“How tired we are of the mice, they gnawed everything, ate everything!

We’ll set up a mousetrap and then we’ll catch the mice!”

While the participants are saying these words, the rest of the guys must run under their clasped hands. At the last words, the presenters abruptly lower their hands and catch one of the participants. The caught one joins the catchers and now there are three of them. So the mousetrap gradually grows. The last participant remaining is the winner.

Article:

Classification of outdoor games for preschoolers

Outdoor games and entertainment.

Swan geese

8.Hurry up to pick up

9. Cones, acorns, nuts

10.Birds, fleas, spiders

game: Goal

Give me a hand

Jumping sparrows

British Bulldog

Homeless hare

White bears

LONG THROW

TWO IN THE SNOW

DUEL (WHO WILL WIN?)

LIVING TARGETS

HARES AND DOGS

FILL THE HOLE

WINTER AND SPRING

ZEST

Rope walkers

ROLL, ROLL

KING OF BEASTS

WHO WILL JUMP HIGHER?

WHO'S NEXT?

WHO IS THE MOST DEXTENT?

Plotless outdoor games

Game exercises

Games with competitive elements

Outdoor games for children from 1.5 to 3 years old

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Outdoor games for children 3–7 years old with a detailed description of the rules of the game