Tales about sounds and letters. Material for teaching literacy (senior group) on the topic
A tale of sounds and letters.
Today we will go to the Planet of Sounds, it is invisible and very large. On this planet there live sounds - invisible ones. One side of this planet was always warmed by the bright sun. And the sounds, warmed by the rays of the sun, were always cheerful and they loved to sing. They had a very beautiful voice, they said – A O U E Y Y I. And they called them vowel sounds.
On the other side of the planet, the sounds could not sing, they did not live happily, the sun did not warm them. The sounds were suffering and at the same time some groaned - KKKKKKK, others were angry - YYYYY, growled - RRRRR, hissed - SHSHSH, puffed - PPPPP. These sounds had no voice; they were always interfered with by the lips, teeth and tongue.
Then the sun told them: “It’s not good for you to live like this. The vowels are friendly and cheerful. You need to make friends with them and become happy again.”
- Do you agree? – the sun smiled.
- We agree. We agree! – the sounds that were called consonants answered in chorus.
Now vowels and consonants began to live in harmony. Sounds are invisible, we hear and pronounce them, but do not see them.
And then one day, invisible sounds wanted to show themselves. Then they began to put on beautiful suits and this is how the letters that we write, see and read appeared.
We pronounce and see sounds, and we write and read letters.
The sun brightly illuminated the entire planet, vowels and consonants became friends, peace, warmth and harmony reigned on it.
Once upon a time there was a sound “a”. He loved to sing, with his mouth wide open: “a__”. Sometimes the sound “a” sang very quietly: “a, a, a.” Sometimes - very loudly: “a, a, a.” When the sound “a” was sad, he sang a quiet, quiet, drawn-out song: “a__a__a__a__a__a__a__.” There were times when the "a" sound played on the drum: "aaaaa, aaaaa." And the sound “a” sang lullabies to children. His voice then sounded higher, then lower, then higher, then lower, and very, very smoothly. Everyone around him loved the sound “a” because he opened his mouth wide and sang in different voices.
Once upon a time there was a sound “u”. The sound “u” had an amazing feature: when he sang, he stretched out his lips like a tube, which is why all his songs became like a beep: “u, u, u.” The sound “u” could hum like a steamboat: “u__ u__ u__.” The sound “u” could also hum like a train: “u__u__u__u__u__u__.” The sound “u” could hum both quietly: “u__u__u__”, and loudly: “u__u__u__”. But most of all he liked to play the sound “u” on the trumpet: “uuuuuuuu__”. Hearing such a melody, all the honest people gathered together, people clapped their hands together and sang along: “uuuuuuuu__”. The fun continued for a long time and ended only when the sound “u” sounded the all-clear: “u__u__ u u u__.” Everyone dispersed, and the song of the sound “u” sounded quieter and quieter: “u__u__ u u u__.” So the sound “u” in the morning helped to get up, and in the evening it reminded us that it was time to go to bed.
Once upon a time there was a sound “and”. The mouth of the interesting and attractive sound “and” always smiled widely, and this made his songs sound playful: “and, and, and.” Sometimes the sound “i” was played on the pipe. And then a variety of melodies were heard around, which sounded high: “and__iii__”; and low: “and and ii and__” and drawn-out: “and__ and__ and__” and abruptly: “and ii and.” But most of all, those around me liked to listen to the song about Chizhik-fawn, sung with the sound “i”: “ii i iiii__ i i i i i i__.” When the sound “and” diligently brought out the melody on the pipe, everyone sang along with him, clapping, stamping their feet, admiring his wide smile.
Once upon a time there was a sound “o”. I really liked to sing the “o” sound. He sang a lot and with soul. When the sound “o” sang, his mouth became like a small elongated circle: “oh, oh, oh.” The “o” sound was delighted with everything: “Oh! What a beautiful cloud! ABOUT! What a deep lake! ABOUT! What a green island! The sound “o” could not only be admired by everyone around, but also sing, imitating a hen calling her chicks: “o o o_ o o o_ o o o_”. Translated, this song sounded like this: “Ko-ko-ko, ko-ko-ko, don’t go far...” Many people liked the sound “o”. People sang with him in chorus and admired the cloud, the lake, and the island, and at the same time, all the singers’ mouths looked like small elongated circles.
Once upon a time there was the sound “e”. The sound “e” was always interested in something. At the same time, his mouth was slightly open, and his tongue was raised with a curved back: “uh, uh, uh.” The sound “e” asked many different questions: “What is this? What is this for? Why?" The sound “e” was also known for the fact that he loved to sing drawn-out songs: “e__ e__ e__ e__ e__.” He liked this song more than others: “uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh” That’s how the sound “uh” lived: he asked questions and, having received answers to them, sang his drawn-out songs, opening his mouth and lifting his tongue.
Once upon a time there was a sound “y”. The sound “y” was known for its low voice. His voice sounded low and low because he sang the sound “y”, smiling slightly with his mouth slightly open, with his tongue pulled back: “y, y, y.” The sound “y” could be sung both drawn out: “y__y__y__”, and abruptly: “yyyyyyyy”. Sometimes the sound “y” was played on the drum: “yyyyyy, yyyyyy.” Sometimes he sang quiet lullabies: “y y y y__y y__, y y y y__y y__.” The sound “y” lived a quiet, calm life, delighting those around him with a beautiful, low velvety voice, always smiling a little, pulling his tongue back.
A tale of sounds and letters.
Once upon a time there lived sounds. And there were six of them. Each sound had its own character:
A - joyful and cheerful,
U - gloomy
Oh - he really loved to be surprised by everything,
And - playful, smiling,
E - slow, judicious,
Y - the most stubborn
The sounds were different, but very friendly, since they all loved to sing.
Their voices sounded beautiful and clear. They knew how to sing sounds very thinly, high and low: A-a-o-o-u-i
Sounds traveled around the world, sang loudly, for this they began to be called vowels and were given red shirts. But one day the sounds started thinking: “How can it be,” says A. “Everyone has a home, but we don’t.” “Animals—some have a hollow, some have a den,” supported U. “Oh, and every bird has a nest,” picked up O. “And people live in houses,” I quietly remarked. “What is this?” We are alone without a permanent place of residence! - E and Y were indignant. We thought and thought, and started making our own houses. And yes, and they found three sticks each. A made a hut with a crossbar. And he attached the crossbar diagonally to two posts and was very pleased. U and S took two sticks each. Wu made himself a house that looked like a tree with a branch. He attached half of a small wheel to one stick, and placed the second stick nearby for reliability. He saw the wheel, and it fit him. He looked at the cracked rim of the wheel for a long time, then he attached a stick to it and settled down - and he had a house.
Happy sounds of joy and names for their houses were invented and they began to be called by letters. The sound A has a house-letter A, the sound U has a house-letter U, the sound O has a house-letter O, the sound I has a house-letter I, the sound E has a house-letter E, the sound Y has a house -letter Y. Since then, looking at the letter houses, everyone will know what sounds live in them.
One day the vowels sit in their letter houses, singing songs in all their voices. Suddenly they hear something strange, incomprehensible: - y, y, y, y. They look, some sound unlike them in a green shirt is trying to explain something to them, and he says very briefly - y, y, y. I listened and recognized him as his distant relative, who was called I-short, because he sounds abruptly, briefly, and it is not always easy to hear him.
They listened and listened, and finally understood - And the short one asks to join them in the choir. The vowels came out, stood in a circle, and began to think about how to teach I-short to sing. His voice is all good, clear, soft, gentle, but the sound cannot be pulled. To begin with, they built him a house the same as that of his relative, the sound I, but with a visor - to distinguish it, the House of I-short was called the letter I-short.
I-short was delighted and thanks everyone for the letter house. - yay, yy. I-short settled in his letter house, listened to the vowels sing, and tried to sing along with them - y - y - y. A listened and listened, and then he said: “Let’s try to sing together.” You start, and I'll pick up. I-short agreed, and they sang: - yA, yA, yA!
“You’re doing great,” U said thoughtfully, “but will you sing with me?” - he turned to I-short. “I will,” he answered without hesitation. And then everyone heard - yU, yU, yU
- Oh, how good! “Sing with me now!” asked O. “Please!” - yo yo yo! - a new song poured out.
“Eh, I don’t want to stay on the sidelines,” E reasoned, “let’s sing together,” he suggested to I-short. The next song sounded like this: -yE, yE, yE.
I-short rejoices, sings with A - it turns out “yA yA yA”, sings with U - it turns out “yU yU, yU”, sings with O - it turns out “yo, yo, yo”, sings with E - it turns out “yE, yE” , je". Only I and Y were sad: “Nice, very sweet,” I sighed, listening to his friends sing. “I would like to sing with I-short, but if I sing, no one will hear him at all: we are relatives.” “I-short and I won’t be able to sing together either.” “He’s so tall, and I’m so short,” Y grieved. So they sat, listened to songs, talked quietly and decided to build houses where I-short could perform concerts with the sound A, with the sound U, with the sound O, with the sound E. They thought and thought and made four houses. The first house was called the letter Y, in it I-kratny began to sing with the sound A. The second house was called the letter Y, in it I-kratny began to sing with the sound U. The third house was called the letter E in it I-kratny began to sing with the sound O. The fourth house was called the letter E, in it the I-short began to sing with the sound E. This is how they still sing in the houses with the letters Ya, Yu, Yo, E.
And the sound I-short, because it agreed to sing with vowels, began to be called a consonant and added to the name, sonorous, soft. I-short’s voice is truly surprisingly sonorous and surprisingly soft. They sang the sounds a lot both at home and at concerts. The vowel sounds always appeared in red shirts, and I-short - in green. Looking at him, all the soft sounds began to wear green shirts, and the hard sounds decided to wear blue shirts.
This is how it has been in the Russian language since then: • six vowel sounds are indicated by red circles,
There are ten vowel letters: “a”, “u”, “o”, “e”, “s”, “i”, “ya”, “yu”, “e”, “e”. In four house letters: “ya”, “yu”, “e”, “e” he sings “i-short” in a duet, that is, together with the vowels “a”, “u”, “o”, “e”. • all other sounds are consonants, • soft consonants are indicated by green circles, • hard consonants are indicated by blue circles. That’s the end of the fairy tale; well done to those who remember!
Literature: Alexandrova T.V. “Living sounds, or Phonetics for preschoolers” (2005)
Annex 1
SPEECH DEVICE
Pronunciation apparatus:
1- hard palate; 2 - alveoli; 3 - upper lip; 4 - upper teeth; 5 - lower lip; 6 - lower teeth; 7 - front part of the tongue; 8 - middle part of the tongue; 9 - back of the tongue; 10 - root of tongue; 11 - epiglottis; 12 - glottis;
13 - thyroid cartilage; 14 - cricoid cartilage; 15 - nasopharynx; 16 - soft palate; 17 - uvula; 18 - larynx; 19 - arytenoid cartilage; 20 - esophagus; 21 - trachea
- Nick Bromley "Caution! This book bites!”
- Boris Zakhoder “The Whale and the Cat”
- Irina Tokmakova “Alya, Klyaksich and the letter “A””
- Georgy Yudin “Little book. The magic alphabet in pictures and fairy tales"
- Mikhail Raskatov “The Missing Letter”
- Alexander Sharov “The Adventures of Yozhenka and other drawn men”
Nick Bromley "Caution! This book bites!” Artist Nicola O'Byrne Translation from English by Maria Pak Labyrinth Press Publishing House, 2017
The books of the French artist Nicola O'Byrne are distinguished primarily by their interesting interactive component, so they are good to read with a small child. But thanks to the large print, these books are also suitable for initial independent reading. "Carefully! This book bites!”, the text of which was written by Nick Bromley, can well be considered as a fairy tale “about letters”. True, the crocodile that got into the book ate only two letters - “O” and “B”. And only on one spread the “conflict” is built around these letters. But is this not enough? It’s safe to say that the child will definitely remember “O” and “B”. And if he already knows the letters, then, quite possibly, he will be interested in finding out what a “missing letter” and “empty space” in a word mean. As a result, the word is destroyed and ceases to be a word! This, by the way, is the most important knowledge. In addition, the crocodile, as the author tells us, “swallows words and entire sentences”... A terrible creature is a crocodile. But in the meantime, the child learns about the existence of grammatical units!
Of course, both a three- and four-year-old child will most likely miss this information (although this will not relieve him of his indignation at the crocodile’s actions). But you can and should draw the attention of a child who is already starting to read to this.
Boris Zakhoder “The Whale and the Cat” Artist Evgeny Meshkov Rech Publishing House, 2017
The fairy tale “The Whale and the Cat” by Boris Zakhoder is the most “literal” fairy tale. Its plot is built around mixed up letters: “someone rearranged the letters in the fairy tale against all rules.” As a result, the whale ended up in the whale's place, and vice versa. Fun confusion ensues. This fairy tale was liked by children of past decades, parents and grandmothers of today's children. And now her humor is not outdated, and her rhymes are easily imprinted in the memory. During the carnival with cats and whales, children discover important knowledge: replacing one single letter, a small icon, completely changes the meaning of the word.
Since “whale” and “cat” are short and simple words from a graphical point of view, you can invite your child to draw them. Or you can draw pictures for a fairy tale with the “correct” whale and cat and the “wrong” ones, and then label which is which.
Irina Tokmakova “Alya, Klyaksich and the letter “A”” Artist Viktor Chizhikov Labyrinth Publishing House, 2019
Irina Tokmakova's fairy tale can be considered an ideal introduction to the world of literacy for a four- to five-year-old child (that is, from the moment when the child is already able to listen to fairy tales).
The tale is based on an exciting, dynamic plot with a detective touch (the abduction of the letter “I” by a villain, to save which you need to solve a riddle), with travel and adventure. There is a confrontation between good and bad characters, understandable to a preschooler, and a happy ending: everyone is saved, the mission of the good heroes is completed.
Most fairy tale characters are letters. But these are not letter-signs, but letters-creatures, artistic images - letters. They have their own characters and manner of speech, they perform actions. And this couldn’t be more consistent with children’s perceptions. The fact that the letters act here as “funny little people” instantly integrates them into the world of the child’s figurative dimension: they can be thought of as “alive”, you can play with them, you can make up stories.
At the same time, the fairy tale is also filled with sound writing, which is especially visual and distinguishable in the “monologues” of individual letters. The author shows the child that a letter is pronounced out loud as a certain sound and that the sounds, when combined, form a word. But this is done without a hint of didacticism; it is an organic part of the plot, which holds the child’s attention.
You can also read about this book in the articles “Letters: Adventures and Transformations” and “My Light, Mirror, Tell Me!”
Georgy Yudin “Little book. The magic alphabet in pictures and fairy tales" Illustrations by the author Publishing House "Children's Literature", 2018
Georgy Yudin's book can really replace a primer for a preschooler, since the letters here are depicted as a “cast” of some object or phenomenon, as its transformed image.
But, along with pictures, fairy tales occupy an important place in the book. The fairy tale “around the letter” and the drawn image of the letter form an inseparable unity here. The child looks at the picture, looking for a letter in it, and at this time the adult reads to him a text that uses different words starting with the corresponding sound.
You can also read about this book in the article “Turkish panties, or how to draw a hieroglyph.”
Mikhail Raskatov “The Missing Letter” Artist Evgeny Medvedev Publishing house “CompassGuide”, 2017
The plot is based on the mysterious disappearance of the letter Sh from Letter City (and from speech), and the need to find and free it. The main characters are twin first-graders, Sasha and Alyosha, whose names change in the most deplorable way with the disappearance of the letter.
The principle of constructing the plot seems to be very similar to that used by Irina Tokmakova in her fairy tale story “Alya, Klyaksich and the letter A.”
But Mikhail Raskatov’s book is much more complicated. There are many more characters here who enter into various relationships with each other. The characters of the main characters develop over the course of the story (and in Tokmakova’s fairy tale, which is addressed to children of an earlier age, the characters of the characters remain practically unchanged). Saa and Alea must overcome themselves to regain their normal names. The “restoration” of the name is associated with the restoration of order as a whole. In addition, truly scary characters appear in The Missing Letter, who are called “letter eaters.” They live in a special country, where all life is subject to strict rules, the slightest deviation from which is mercilessly punished. Letter eaters oppose the inhabitants of Bukvograd, letters and punctuation marks.
While reading the book, listeners will have to go through dangerous adventures with the heroes and take part in solving a rather complex code.
This fairy tale is good to read to children who already know the letters and are gradually beginning to master the skill of reading. For children who already have experience in perceiving fairy tales and who love “scary tales.”
You can also read about this book in the article “The Missing Letter”: a detective story for little ones.”
Alexander Sharov “The Adventures of Yozhenka and other painted men” Artist Rafail Volsky Publishing house “ID Meshcheryakova”, 2016
At the heart of Alexander Sharov's fairy tale is the confrontation between two brothers - the Good Artist and the Evil Artist. The kind Artist creates images and his kind fairy-tale world. The Evil Artist also modifies the world, but always to the detriment of the Good, trying to destroy what he has created. This is a completely new way of looking at things for a child: it turns out that creativity can be destructive.
Wanting to completely destroy his good brother, the Evil Artist creates mad letters. He creates them from drawn snakes. The main quality of the new letters is to sting and form prohibiting words. The appearance of frantic letters leads to the fact that everything around becomes “as if dead.” The callous letter H guards the captured Good Artist. The bloodthirsty, fanged, treacherous letter K leads the army sent by the Evil Wizard. But in the end, the mad letters lose their poisonous stings and turn into “kind” ones. A rather complex image through which a child discovers that being able to write, being able to manipulate letters, is not an absolute benefit.
It turns out that letters can pose a threat to everything human in the world. This is a kind of philosophy lesson for children.
If you are just thinking about getting to know the letters, then it is better to put this book aside for a later time.
Let the child first learn what letters are and what they are for, and only then - that they can be “mad.”
But in general, this is an incredibly poetic and at the same time dramatic fairy tale with an unpredictably developing plot, unexpected images and persistent tension: the heroes who did not have time to avoid one danger are already facing a new misfortune. However, by the will of the storyteller, all evil characters certainly turn into good ones. Everyone - except the main villain. He's just hiding. And this leaves a feeling of anxiety in the depths of my soul.
Since the fairy tale is built on a complex play of meanings and complex images, it is best to read it to a child no earlier than five years old. Or you can offer it for independent reading to a reader about eight years old: it won’t seem simple and uninteresting.
The material was prepared by Marina Aromshtam and Elizaveta Prudovskaya
