5-7 years, or senior preschool age, is an important period in the personal and psychological development of a child, as well as in the development of thinking, will, and attention. This is the so-called preparatory age, after which the child will move to a new stage - and the crisis of 7 years will begin, characterized by a change in the leading type of activity from play to learning, an increase in independence and social environment.
To help your child go through this stage correctly, you need to know the age characteristics of older preschoolers, the characteristics of this age and areas favorable for development. Don’t forget that your child’s health is the basis of his successful future, so he needs to be helped, and not forced to do and be able to do what he does not yet have the capabilities to do.
Nursery
The youngest pupils are accepted into the nursery group of the kindergarten. Their age ranges from 1 year to 2-3 years. They are usually located on the ground floor; the furniture in the group corresponds to the height of the children.
Classes are provided on the development of speech, music, and the surrounding world, in accordance with the plan. Classes are conducted by a teacher in a group and last no more than 10 minutes.
Toys are also selected according to age: large cubes and pyramids, rubber animals and baby dolls, balls, cars, children's sets for playing with sand, dolls, doll dishes, baby books - all without small and dangerous parts.
The daily routine in the nursery group differs from that of older children: early breakfast, lunch, afternoon snack, dinner. Going to bed early for a quiet hour.
There should be no more than 10-15 children in such a group. The presence of a nanny is required to help dress and undress the children, feed and wash them, and put them to bed.
There is usually only one holiday - New Year, and it is also celebrated in a group.
Short stay group (STG)
As a rule, very young children from 1 to 3 years old are enrolled in the short-stay group. This service can be used by any interested parent who has submitted the necessary documents and joined the queue. Such groups work 3 times a week for 3 hours in total.
Classes there start at 8:30 and last until 11:30. There is also an evening shift from 16:00 to 19:00. It all depends on the schedule of classes at the educational institution, so always check the opening hours at your garden.
Note to parents
Most often, parents worry about at what age to send their child to kindergarten and whether it is worth doing it so early, because children from 1 to 3 years old still need their mother’s presence. It is especially difficult for parents to make a decision if this is the first baby in the family.
Staying in kindergarten is the very first and most important experience for every child. Here he learns to show his personal qualities and communicate with peers.
If we omit the details, the opinion of many experts agree on one thing: from a psychological point of view, meeting and communicating with children in a playful and relaxed manner helps the child adapt and enter society. After all, in this society the child will grow and develop, gain experience and experience different stages of personality development. And the sooner the child begins to adapt, the better it will be for his psychological health.
It should be noted that young mothers and fathers should also be prepared for such a responsible step.
And before you send your child to a short-stay group, make sure that this is exactly the place where your son or daughter will be comfortable.
Today you can quickly find reviews on the Internet about any product or service. Look for reviews and comments about your kindergarten. And you probably know mothers whose children also go to this kindergarten. You can also come to the kindergarten and see everything with your own eyes, and chat with the nannies and teachers.
What activities are conducted with children in short-stay groups?
Typically, such groups have 2 classes a week of physical education and music and once a week classes in drawing, modeling, literature and design.
It’s also not difficult to sign up for GKP groups. They are available in almost all preschool institutions. To be included in the group, you must:
- contact the head of the kindergarten with a request to enroll the child in the GKP. If there are places in the group, you will definitely be accepted;
- if there are no free places, contact the so-called “Mini-OSIP” (this is the district information support service).
- You can also sign up for the group through the city services portal
When you have found a place, you need to worry about documents for the garden. There are not many of them, but you will have to collect them quickly:
- passport of the parent or legal representative of the child;
- baby's birth certificate;
- child registration in the city;
- if you have benefits, also provide a document for inclusion in the preferential category;
Enrollment in the GKP occurs in the same way as in a regular kindergarten group. You are put on a waiting list and when a place becomes available, they call you and inform you that your child can go to kindergarten.
Procedure for enrollment in a short-stay group.
When there are few free places in a group, the head of the kindergarten must follow certain rules when enrolling a child in the group. For example, your child will be accepted faster if:
- your family (or child) lives/is registered in this area;
- preferential categories of children
If all children from this list are enrolled, then in order of priority the following are enrolled:
- children with temporary registration
- kids from other areas
A parent does not have to go to the daycare every week or month to find out if a place has become available. Typically, parents are sent an email notification or receive a call on their cell phone.
When enrolling in kindergarten, check the availability of a medical card, and immediately before enrollment you must provide:
- contacts of the child and his parents;
- complete blood count and urine test;
- analysis for enterobiasis and worm eggs
Before enrolling a child in a kindergarten group, the parent will have to sign a service agreement, which will spell out all the rights and responsibilities of both parents and teachers.
As a rule, documents of this kind protect both parties from possible claims. Therefore, every parent should not be lazy and read this agreement carefully.
Features of children staying in a short-term group
The child is not in kindergarten all day, but only for some part of the day, so meals are not provided here. But any baby can freely ask for water. So before you send your son or daughter to kindergarten, don't forget to feed him.
Adaptation in the group is quite smooth. Any parent can go to the group and see how their child feels there. This makes it easier for the baby to survive a long separation from his parents and get comfortable in a new environment. Remember also that the child’s psyche is quite vulnerable at this age, and any innovation can have a bad effect on his emotional state. But if you prepare your baby and send him to a short-term group, you can avoid negative emotions on the part of the baby.
The first days in the GKP last only half an hour for a child. Then the stay time becomes longer, but it all depends on the child’s behavior and addiction. Often educators recommend starting with half an hour and adding only 15 minutes every few days so as not to escalate the situation.
Approximate schedule for short-stay groups:
- Monday - 9:00-9:10 music games; 10:10-10:20 didactic games;
- Tuesday—10:00-10:10 movement development, 10:30-10:40—artistic creativity (drawing, modeling, appliqué, coloring must alternate here);
- Wednesday—9:00-9:10 didactic game, 10:00-10:10 speech development;
- Thursday—9:00-9:10 outdoor game; 10:00-10:10 games with building materials;
- Friday—9:10-9:20 educational game; 10:00-10:10 music game
The average monthly cost of GKP is about 1,500 rubles. However, if you have benefits, you can write an application for payment compensation (or part of the compensation).
What additional expenses does the parent expect?
Many kindergartens and groups also have additional expenses, which most often depend on the director of the kindergarten. This point should also be discussed in advance, and it is best to do this at the time of signing the contract with the garden. Although, the times when huge gatherings were held in gardens are long gone.
However, some parents face actual extortion. In this case, you should contact the anti-corruption hotline.
Junior
The younger group is attended by children aged 3 to 4 years. These are more independent children who know and can do a lot.
Drawing, physical education and music lessons with specialist teachers, drawing and modeling are added to the main classes. The duration of the lesson is 15 minutes.
Children at this age love to play role-playing games, so among the toys there are various, but simple, children's sets of a doctor, a hairdresser, a builder, a cook, as well as all kinds of construction sets with large parts and figures.
Reading books may contain a longer and more detailed plot. There should also be books with riddles and simple coloring books with a simple silhouette or outline.
In the younger group, in addition to the New Year, a holiday dedicated to March 8 is often organized for children, and they are held in a large music hall.
Many children at this age already speak well, so for performances at holidays they can be given poems and small roles to memorize together with their parents.
Preparatory group in kindergartens
At 6-7 years old, children attend a preparatory group. The working hours of this group are the same as the previous ones: Monday to Friday from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm. This is the final year in kindergarten, and the next year the child already goes to school.
In the preparatory group, children prepare for school, therefore, they study literature, mathematics, reading and drawing. In addition, children become familiar with the rules of the road. Complex classes will be especially useful here.
A distinctive feature of such classes is that different types of activities are combined in one lesson. This helps the child maintain concentration longer, despite the fact that even at 6-7 years old children are quite mobile and active;
Costume theatrical performances with songs and dances are also held here. And the prom symbolizes farewell to kindergarten and the entry into a new stage of growing up.
What do children do in the preparatory group?
At this age, the child already has a daily routine in the kindergarten and children try to stick to it even when they are at home with their parents.
Approximate daily routine in the preparatory group:
- the child comes to kindergarten and changes clothes;
- while the group is gathering, the child is engaged in independent activities;
- morning exercises;
- breakfast;
- games at your own request;
- classes according to the methodological plan;
- outdoor games;
- dinner;
- dream;
- getting up, going to the toilet;
- afternoon snack;
- games at your own request;
- games and walks outside;
- dinner;
- packing home
Such a daily routine helps organize and prepare children for school preparation. At the same time, children socialize and play outside a lot, but also study literature, mathematics and writing. Children are taught what a traffic light is, how to navigate and behave correctly on the street.
Note to parents
Parents often ask the question: at what age should they send their child to school? Some people want to send their child away at 6 years old, while others think that the child should spend another 1 year in kindergarten.
Psychologists say that a child must be physically and mentally prepared to go to first grade.
If you see that your baby is still uncomfortable and unusual in leaving the kindergarten and he is only 6, then it is better to leave him in the preparatory group. If a child goes to school at age 7, he will lose absolutely nothing. In addition, this will help the child avoid psychological stress.
Age characteristics of children in the preparatory group
At 6-7 years old, every child dreams of learning something important and useful. The child rather perceives activities in the kindergarten as a game, where the child tries in every possible way to demonstrate himself and his best qualities and abilities. He especially wants to distinguish himself from others and earn praise.
You should not be silent at this time. Praise your son or daughter even if they are not doing well yet. You show him that you appreciate his efforts and successes. This is how the child develops self-esteem and healthy self-esteem.
The child's intelligence becomes noticeably higher. Ideas about the world also change and become broader.
As you can see, kindergarten plays an important role in raising a child and developing him as a person. But we should not forget that both boys and girls need regular attention and care from both the father and the mother. Both at 2 and 7 years old, tell your child how much you love him, that you are always on his side and what a great guy he is for trying.
Average
The age of children in the middle group is from 4 to 5 years. They are already more physically developed, love to play outdoor games, and acquire the first skills in using simple sports equipment (balls, hoops, skittles, gymnastic sticks, etc.). Therefore, in the middle group of kindergarten they conduct much more physical education classes and physical education minutes, including outside.
Classes such as mathematics, literacy, application, and logic are being introduced. Class duration is 20 minutes.
In many kindergartens, parents are given the opportunity to enroll their children in additional clubs - dance, English, arts and crafts, etc.
Toys and games include cubes with complex patterns for making pictures, lotto and dominoes, educational board games, as well as glove toys for acting out theatrical scenes and fairy tales. Children can now not only listen to a fairy tale to the end, but also, having memorized the roles, show it to children of younger groups.
“Autumn Festival” and “Spring Festival” are added to the main matinees.
What areas are actively developing?
The developmental features of children aged 5-7 years are also determined by the sensitive – that is, the most favorable – period for the formation of personality and social skills. The foundation for the child’s future personality is already being laid.
There is an interest in group games and a desire to be good, the best, the first. This is a positive attitude that is based on a motive for any activity. The child begins to understand: in order to win, you need to take certain actions, make an effort, and not just cry.
Moral and ethical guidelines are formed: what cannot be done, and what can be done, or what is allowed to be done with one’s own toys and things, but not with other people’s. Personal boundaries are drawn up: “You don’t need to yell at me. I don't want to be yelled at. Why can’t I yell at you, but you yell at me?” There is a need for approval and respect from others, a desire to be useful: “I will help you. I'll bring the package."
Children of older preschool age learn to restrain their desires and needs, and understand that not everything can be obtained right now. If the child is explained, he will understand that he needs to wait until his mother finishes cleaning, and then he can go for a walk. The child begins to realize the consequences of his actions: if you haven’t collected your toys, you won’t be able to play with them until the evening.
The image of your “I” is formed. The older preschooler begins to realize what place he occupies in society, in the family (there are adults and there are children), what attitude others have towards him (“Mom and Dad love and protect me”). The child also begins to evaluate himself (I am good, smart, kind). An image of the “ideal self” is emerging, i.e. what the baby would like to be. Most often, he focuses on the closest adults: he wants to be strong, like dad, beautiful, like mom. It is important to maintain this ideal image and transform it into the “Real Me”. Tell your child: “You are strong!” or “You are very beautiful.”
It should be taken into account that at 5 years old a child’s self-esteem is inflated, but closer to 7 years old it becomes more realistic. By this moment, he has already sufficiently developed the ability for introspection, therefore, in familiar situations he evaluates himself normally, but in unusual ones he exceeds his capabilities, since he has not yet developed a mental model of an ideal result. Low self-esteem in a child is a pathology! A consultation with a psychologist is definitely needed in such a situation.
In older preschool age, visual-figurative thinking continues to develop and the foundations of abstract-logical thinking are laid. Sometimes the baby still needs to act with objects, especially unfamiliar ones, in order to understand their purpose, but he is increasingly operating with mental images.
Older preschool children are actively developing attention, memory and the ability to consciously concentrate on any activity. Perseverance is formed, which is a necessary skill when the child goes to school and switches to educational activities. You can read more about sensitive periods of development of certain areas in the article “Sensitive periods”.
Older
The senior group of the kindergarten is attended by children aged 5 to 6 years. Classes are already becoming more intense, in-depth and longer – 25 minutes each.
In addition to the basic ones, classes can be held on the history of the native land and basic handicraft skills can be instilled.
Children can already perform simple exercises from sports such as gymnastics, basketball and some others.
The toys in the group should be varied and age-appropriate: mosaics, puzzles, three-dimensional construction sets with many details.
Children are also taught housekeeping skills. Therefore, among the toys there should be miniature doll gas stoves, cutlery, an ironing board with a toy iron, brooms, dustpans and brooms. You can invite children to care for indoor flowers, aquarium fish, and parrots.
“Christmas”, “Defender of the Fatherland Day”, “Easter”, “Victory Day” are added to holidays and matinees.
Education and training in the senior group of kindergarten. Program and methodological recommendations
Physical education
Continue to work to improve health: harden the body, improve basic movements, form correct posture in all types of activities, cultivate hygiene habits and bodily reflection (knowledge of your body, the names of its individual parts).
Develop independence and creativity of preschoolers; to cultivate beauty, expressiveness and grace of movements, a conscious attitude towards them.
Indicators of physical development of children
Physical development of boys from 5 to 6 years old
Physical development of girls from 5 to 6 years old
Note.
The table is printed based on the book by Samarin V.M., Vorontsov I.M. History of child development. - St. Petersburg. — 2000. — pp. 136–143.
Physical education and health work
Continue, under the guidance of medical professionals, to carry out a set of hardening procedures using natural factors (air, sun, water) in combination with various physical exercises. Do morning exercises every day for 8-10 minutes.
During activities that require high mental load, and in the intervals between classes, conduct physical education minutes lasting 1–3 minutes.
To teach children to organize outdoor sports games on their own, to perform sports exercises while walking, using the available physical education equipment: in winter, sledding, sliding along ice paths, skiing; during the warm season, ride a two-wheeled bicycle, scooter, or roller skates. If conditions exist, organize training for children in swimming and hydro aerobics.
Improve psychophysical qualities in various forms of motor activity.
Carry out physical education activities lasting 25–30 minutes once a month; twice a year physical education holidays lasting up to
1 hour.
During physical education and holidays, teach children to actively participate in group games, entertainment, and competitions.
In the process of physical education and health work, develop physical, mental, moral qualities, cultivate independence and creativity.
Physical Culture
Continue to form correct posture; the ability to consciously and creatively perform movements.
Improve children's motor skills and abilities.
Develop a culture of movement and bodily reflection.
Develop psychophysical qualities: speed, strength, endurance, flexibility.
Strengthen the ability to walk and run easily, energetically pushing off from the support. Learn to run a race, overcoming obstacles.
Learn to climb a gymnastic wall, changing the pace.
Learn to jump long and high from a running start, to run up correctly, take off and land depending on the type of jump, jump onto a soft surface through a long rope, and maintain balance when landing.
Learn to combine a swing with a throw when throwing, throw and catch the ball with one hand, hit it with your right and left hands on the spot and lead while walking.
Learn to ski with a sliding step, climb a slope, descend a mountain, ride a two-wheeled bicycle, ride a scooter, pushing off with one leg (right and left). Learn to navigate in space.
Teach elements of sports games, games with elements of competition, relay races.
To teach adults to help prepare physical education equipment for physical exercise and put it away.
To comprehensively develop the child’s personality, to form physical, mental, moral, aesthetic, spiritual qualities.
Maintain children's interest in various sports, provide them with some information about events in the sporting life of the country.
Basic movements
Walking.
Walking is normal, on toes (hands behind the head), on the heels, on the outer sides of the feet, with a high rise of the knee (hip), a roll from heel to toe, an additional step to the right and left. Walking in a column one at a time, two at a time, three at a time, along the walls of the hall with a turn, performing various tasks of the teacher.
Balance exercises.
Walking on a narrow rail of a gymnastic bench, a rope (diameter 1.5–3 cm), on an inclined board straight and sideways, on toes. Walking on a gymnastic bench, stepping over medicine balls, squatting in the middle, laying out and collecting objects, rolling a ball in front of you with both hands, sideways (side step) with a bag of sand on your head. Walking on an inclined board up and down on your toes, sideways with an extension step. Spinning in pairs, holding hands.
Run.
Running is normal, on toes, with a high rise of the knee (hip), small and wide steps, in a column, one or two at a time; snake, scattered, with obstacles. Continuous running for 1.5–2 minutes at a slow pace, running at an average pace for 80-120 m (2–3 times) alternating with walking; shuttle run 3 times 10 m each. Speed run: 20 m in approximately 5–5.5 seconds (by the end of the year 30 m in 7.5–8.5 seconds). Running up and down on an inclined board on your toes, sideways with an extension step. Spinning in pairs, holding hands.
Crawling and climbing.
Crawling on all fours like a snake between objects, alternating with walking, running, crawling over obstacles; crawling on all fours (distance 3–4 m), pushing the ball with the head; crawling on a gymnastic bench, leaning on your forearms and knees, on your stomach, pulling yourself up with your arms. Climbing over several objects in a row, climbing into a hoop in different ways, climbing a gymnastic wall (height 2.5 m) with changing tempo, climbing from one flight to another, climbing between slats.
Jumping.
Jumping on two legs in place (30-40 jumps 2-3 times) alternating with walking, in different ways (legs crossed, legs apart, one leg forward - the other back), moving forward (at a distance of 3-4 m). Jumping on one leg (right and left) in place and moving forward, in height from a place straight and sideways through 5-6 objects - alternately through each (height 15-20 cm). Jumping on a soft surface 20 cm high, jumping from a height of 30 cm to a designated place, long jump from a place (at least 80 cm), long jump from a run (about 100 cm), high jump from a run (30–40 cm). Jumping over a short rope, rotating it back and forth, over a long rope (stationary and swinging).
Throwing, catching, throwing.
Throwing the ball up onto the ground and catching it with both hands (at least 10 times in a row); one hand (right, left at least 4–6 times); throwing the ball up and catching it with clapping. Throwing the ball from one hand to another, to each other from different starting positions and formations, in various ways (from below, from behind the head, from the chest, with a bounce from the ground). Hitting the ball on the ground in place with moving forward (at a distance of 5–6 m), rolling medicine balls (weight 1 kg). Throwing objects at a distance (at least 5–9 m), at a horizontal and vertical target (the center of the target at a height of 1 m) from a distance of 3–4 m.
Drill exercises.
Form in a column one at a time, in a circle in a line; formation into a column of twos, threes; alignment to the back of the head, in a column, in a line. Opening in a column - with outstretched arms forward, in a line - with outstretched arms to the sides. Turns right, left, stepping around, jumping.
Rhythmic gymnastics.
Beautiful, graceful performance of familiar physical exercises to music. Coordination of the rhythm of movements with a piece of music.
General developmental exercises
Exercises for the hands, development and strengthening of the muscles of the shoulder girdle.
Extend your arms to the sides from the position of your hands in front of your chest; raise your arms up and spread them to the sides with your palms up from the position of your hands behind your head. Raise your hands with your fingers clasped (the hands are turned with the backs inward) forward - up; raise your arms up and back alternately, at the same time. Raise and lower brushes; clench and unclench your fingers.
Exercises to develop and strengthen back muscles and spinal flexibility.
Raise your arms up and down, standing against the wall, touching it with the back of your head, shoulders, back, buttocks and heels. Alternately raise your bent straight legs, pressing against the gymnastics wall and holding the bar at waist level with your hands. Lean forward, facing the gymnastic wall and grasping the bar at waist level; lean forward, trying to touch the floor with your palms; bend over, raising your clasped hands behind your back. Turn around, spreading your arms to the sides, from the positions of your arms in front of your chest, with your hands behind your head. Alternately move your legs to the sides from a crouching position; move your legs, crossing them from the starting position lying on your back. Pull your head and leg to your chest (group); doing pull-ups on a gymnastics bench.
Exercises to develop and strengthen the abdominal and leg muscles.
Walk in place without lifting your toes off the floor. Squat down (every time lower), raising your arms forward, up, behind your back. Raise straight legs forward (swing); perform a lunge forward, to the side (holding your hands on your belt, moving your hands forward, to the side, up).
Grab objects with your toes, lift and lower them; shift, move them from place to place. Step sideways on your heels, resting your toes on the stick (rope).
Static exercises.
Maintain balance while standing on a gymnastic bench on your toes, squatting on your toes; maintain balance after running and jumping (squatting on your toes, arms to the sides), standing on one leg, hands on your belt.
Sport exercises
Sledging.
Take each other for rides, go down the hill in twos. Make turns when descending.
Slip.
Slide along icy paths with a running start, crouching and standing up while sliding.
Skiing.
Skiing with a sliding step. Perform turns on the spot and while moving. Climb the hill using a ladder and descend it in a low stance. Ski at a slow pace for a distance of 1–2 km. Skiing games: “Who will turn first?”, “Slalom”, “Lift up”, “Catch up”.
Bicycle and scooter riding.
Ride a two-wheeled bicycle independently in a straight line, make left and right turns. Ride a scooter, pushing off with your right and left foot.
Swimming.
Move your legs up and down, sitting in the water in a shallow place and lying down, supporting yourself with your hands. Perform various movements with your hands in the water. Slide on your chest and back, exhale into the water. Swim freely. Games on the water: “Fountain”, “Box”, “The Sea is Worried”, “Swing”, “Train in the Tunnel”, “Catch the Water”, “Waves on the Sea”.
Hydroaerobics.
Move in the water, performing turns, jumps and other general development exercises, standing at the side.
Sport games
Towns.
Throw bats from the side, taking the correct starting position. Know 3-4 figures. Knock out towns from the half-cone (2–3 m) and the cone (5–6 m).
Basketball elements.
Throw the ball to each other with both hands from the chest, dribble the ball with your right or left hand. Throw the ball into the basket with both hands from the chest.
Badminton.
Hit the shuttlecock with a racket, pointing it in a certain direction. Play together with a teacher.
Elements of football.
Roll the ball with your right and left foot in a given direction. Dribble the ball around objects; roll into holes, gates. Pass the ball with your feet to each other in pairs, hit it against the wall several times in a row.
Hockey elements.
Roll the puck with your stick in a given direction and roll it into the goal. Roll the puck to each other in pairs.
Outdoor games
Continue to teach children to independently organize familiar outdoor games, bring them to completion, showing initiative and creativity.
To instill in children a desire to participate in games with elements of competition and relay races. Teach sports games and exercises.
Examples of games
Let's run away.
“Traps”, “Corners”, “Pair running”, “Mousetrap”, “We are funny guys”, “Geese-swans”, “Make a figure”, “Crucian carp and pike”, “Dashes”, “Sly fox”, “ Counter dashes", "Empty place", "Entertainers", "Homeless hare".
With jumping.
“Don’t stay on the floor”, “Who will jump better?”, “Fishing rod”, “From bump to bump”, “Who will make fewer jumps?”, “Classes”.
With climbing and crawling.
“Who will get to the flag faster?”, “The Bear and the Bees”, “Firemen in training”.
With throwing.
“Hunters and Hares”, “Throw the Flag”, “Hit the Hoop”, “Knock the Ball”, “Knock the Pin”, “Ball Driver”, “Ball School”, “Serso”.
Relay races.
“Relay in pairs”, “Carry the ball without hitting the pin”, “Throw the ball into the hoop”, “Obstacle course”.
With elements of competition.
“Who will get through the hoop to the flag faster?”, “Who is faster?”, “Who is taller?”.
Folk games.
“Burn, burn clearly!” and etc.
Education of cultural and hygienic skills
Cultivate the habit of keeping your body clean, your clothes and hair tidy; Brush your teeth yourself, keep your nails clean; When coughing and sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with a tissue and turn to the side.
Teach how to quickly and neatly dress and undress, maintain order in your closet (put clothes in certain places), and make your bed neatly.
Continue to improve your eating skills: use cutlery (fork, knife) correctly; eat carefully, silently, maintaining correct posture at the table.
By the end of the year, children can
• Walk and run easily, rhythmically, maintaining correct posture, direction and pace.
• Climb the gymnastic wall (height 2.5 m) with changing tempo.
• Jump onto a soft surface (height 20 cm), jump
to the designated place from a height of 30 cm, long jump from a standing position (at least 80 cm), from a running start (at least 100 cm); in height from the run (at least 40 cm); jump over a short and long rope.
• Throw objects with the right and left hand at a distance of 5–9 m,
at a vertical and horizontal target from a distance of 3–4 m, combine a swing with a throw, throw the ball up onto the ground and catch it with one hand, hit the ball on the spot at least 10 times, while walking (distance 6 m), control the ball.
• Perform static and dynamic balance exercises.
• Form a column of three or four; align, open in a column, line; make turns right, left, around.
• Know the starting points, the sequence of performing general developmental exercises, and understand their health-improving significance.
• Slide along the icy paths while completing the task.
• Skiing at a sliding pace for a distance of about 2 km; take care of your skis.
• Ride a scooter.
• Participate in exercises with elements of sports games: gorodki, badminton, football, hockey.
• Swim freely.
• Perform elements of hydroaerobics; independently organize familiar outdoor games, come up with games based on given plots with the help of the teacher.
• Continue to develop creativity in motor activity, develop the ability to vary exercises and games, invent and perform imitation and non-imitation exercises, demonstrating beauty, grace, expressiveness, and plasticity of movements.
Preparatory
The preparatory group of the kindergarten is attended by children aged 6 to 7 years. For children, this is a very important, last, final stage before entering school.
There are many developmental and educational activities: reading and mathematics, native speech and the world around us, music and physical education, manual labor and origami, modeling and drawing.
The group often sets up easels and hangers with clothes from various professions for children’s story games. At this age, children are actively learning the rules of etiquette, as well as traffic rules.
Matinees and holidays are elaborate and theatrical. Children can even act as presenters. The graduation party at the end of the year is the most important for children and their parents, where graduates show all their abilities and talents.
Middle groups in kindergarten
The middle groups accept children 4-5 years old. Parents can bring their children daily from Monday to Friday from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm.
By the age of 4-5, a child is already developing as a personality. Kids know how to evaluate themselves and other children. The guys try to keep up with their peers. In addition, children can already notice individual character traits.
You can easily notice how your child tries to copy your actions. And if he has any difficulties, he tries to solve the problem on his own. The child still actively communicates with other children in the group (or even in kindergarten), actively shares his skills and gains new knowledge from his peers. All this helps the comprehensive development of the child and expands the baby’s horizons.
By the age of 4-5, the child is already practically formed. At the same time, you may notice that each child is individual: each has his own character, interests, tastes and preferences. Children at this age are quite active and mobile, they regularly make new acquaintances. Sometimes parents begin to worry when they see their son or daughter being excessively active. There is no need to worry, much less limit the child’s activity. In this case, the parent can only help the baby develop correctly, creating comfortable conditions for growing up. For example, a child must be enrolled in a kindergarten, where he fulfills all his needs by communicating with peers and teachers. And at home the child will behave calmer and more relaxed.
What main classes should be included in the middle group of kindergarten?
- getting to know the world around us (what objects surround us, what is happening around us, what “friendship” and “family” are)
- elementary mathematical processes (children learn to count from one to 10, and also learn addition and subtraction);
- speech development (children learn to retell short tales and stories, enrich their vocabulary, learn to speak correctly);
- get acquainted with literary works and authors of favorite fairy tales and stories;
- attend lessons in modeling, drawing, and design (thanks to this, the baby develops imaginative and spatial thinking);
- music lessons (children continue to become familiar with pieces of music, rhythm and tempo);
- engage in physical exercise (just 10-20 minutes of exercise will help the child develop endurance and speed). In general, at this age, sports are extremely useful for children. You can enroll your son or daughter in gymnastics or dance classes. Typically, children are happy to engage in their chosen activities and communicate with a new team. It is not so important here whether your child is the best. Here the process of training itself is beneficial. Your child will grow up healthy and confident, he will be able to achieve any goal and learn to solve any problems on his own;
What is the psychological atmosphere in the middle group?
Every parent should understand that all of the above activities should be carried out in a friendly manner. The child himself must want to do what the kindergarten program offers. Teachers should pay special attention to relationships in the children's team. It is extremely important here that children feel psychologically comfortable and cozy - this is the main condition for staying in kindergarten.
If you notice any problems in the team or any psychological pressure on the child from teachers or peers, you should think about changing kindergarten.
Today many gardens are open, both private and public. And if you are worried at any point, do not waste time, because the psychological health of your son or daughter should come first.
Speech therapy
Children are recruited into speech therapy groups by a speech therapist based on preliminary testing and after a thorough examination. The ONR group includes children with general speech disorders, the FNR group includes children with problems in pronouncing certain sounds.
Pupils, in addition to the main classes, engage in special exercises with a speech therapist and teacher aimed at improving and improving their speech.
In such groups there are usually not many children - 10-12 people. Classes with a speech therapist can be individual or group, and are conducted according to a schedule. All other classes are conducted according to a simplified and facilitated plan, acceptable for children with such defects.
Abstract of OD on FEMP in the senior group “Journey to the Kingdom of Mathematics”
Summary of the final lesson on FEMP “Journey to the Kingdom of Mathematics”
for older children
Training tasks:
1. Consolidate knowledge about the composition of numbers within 10 of the two smaller numbers. 2. Consolidate knowledge about the sequence of days of the week and seasons. 3. Strengthen the ability to compare 2 adjacent numbers using the greater than, less than, and equal signs. 4. Strengthen the ability to distinguish between concepts: higher – lower, compare objects by height. 5. Strengthen children’s ideas about geometric shapes: the ability to distinguish geometric shapes, the ability to compare them by properties (color, shape and size).
Developmental tasks:
1. Develop logical thinking, intelligence, attention. 2. Promote the development of speech, the ability to give reasons for one’s statements.
Educational tasks:
1. Foster independence, the ability to understand a learning task and complete it independently. 2. Cultivate interest in mathematics.
Methodical techniques:
Calming exercises before class. Gaming (use of surprise moments). Visual (use of illustration). Verbal (reminder, instructions, questions, individual answers from children). Encouragement, lesson analysis. Equipment: magnetic board, numbers, signs.
Demo material:
"letter", castle with geometric shapes, door illustration, board game.
Handouts:
a set of numbers for each child, cards with tasks for comparing numbers, a geometric figure - a circle, pencils, cards with number houses.
Material:
"Math Kingdom" poster, castle with geometric shapes; houses for comparison in height, 3 sets of 4 pcs., number houses for checking, sheet A 3, glue for applique, chest with sweets.
Progress of direct educational activities:
Educator:
Guys, I'm very glad to see you. Please stand in a circle. All the children gathered in a circle, I am your friend and you are my friend. Let's hold hands tightly and smile at each other. Guys, I'm very glad to see you. Hold hands and give each other a smile. Now look at our guests, give them a smile. Great!
Educator:
Now show me your fingers. Let's make them friends (coordination of movements and development of fine motor skills, memory development). The girls and boys in our group are friends. You and I will make friends with little fingers. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5! Let's start counting again: 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 - We stand together in a circle! Well done! (Calm music sounds). Sit down on the carpet.
Educator:
Guys, this morning on the table I found a letter addressed to the children of the senior group.
Do you want to know who it is from? (Yes, we need to read the letter and we will find out who it is from).
Text of the letter: “Dear guys, trouble has happened in our mathematical kingdom. An evil wizard bewitched all the inhabitants of the kingdom - all the numbers got mixed up in the number series, and the geometric figures forgot their names. I have been watching for a whole year how interesting you played in math classes, only you can remove the spell by completing all the tasks. Queen of Mathematics"
.
—What does the Queen of Mathematics ask you to do? (Help numbers and geometric shapes.)
— Do you like to help? (Yes, we love)
-Who are you helping? ( Mom, dad, grandma,
I help my sister.)
- Do you want to help the Queen of Mathematics? (Yes, x otim.)
- How can I help her? ( We must go to the kingdom of mathematics.)
-Can we help? (Yes.)
- Why do you think so? ( We know geometric shapes, we can count, we are friendly.)
Educator:
-Guys, will we help the inhabitants of the mathematical kingdom?
Then we go on a journey to a mathematical land. And we will get there through a magic door. We all close our eyes ( pass through the ribbons
).
- Oh, guys, an evil wizard hung a huge castle on the gates of the kingdom. To open it, we need to unravel one secret - guess which of the figures is extra. -Guys, what geometric shapes do you see on the castle?
-Are there any identical figures here?
-Compare them and tell me how they are similar, what do they have in common? (Comparison by shape, color, size).
-How are the figures different?
-Which figure do you think is the odd one out? ( a circle has no corners).
-Well done, the castle is open, we can go into the mathematical kingdom. -And our first task awaits us. Let's sit down at the tables.
1 task
Educator:
An evil wizard bewitched all the numbers, they forgot their places and got mixed up.
Help each number fall into place. Place them in order from smallest to largest ( each child individually lays out a number line using wooden numbers from 1 to 10
). Elvina, count the numbers in order, the way you arranged them. Yana, try to count differently - count down from 10 to 1.
Educator:
Guys, let's check what number you put between numbers 3 and 5.
-What number did you place between the numbers 7 and 9? -Name the neighbors of the numbers 6, 2, 9.
-Name a number that is greater than the number 3 by 1. -Name a number that is greater than the number 5 by 1.
-Name a number that is less than 8 by 1.
-Name a number that is less than 10 by 1.
-Well done, you did a great job with the 1st task. Now each number has taken its right place in the number series.
2 task
Educator:
Now, guys, let's take a little rest. Get up from the tables and come out to me. A physical moment awaits us!!! Quickly stand up, smile, Stretch higher, higher, come on, straighten your shoulders, lift, lower, turn left, right, touch the floor with your hands, sit down, stand up, sit down, stand up, and jump in place.
Task 3
Educator:
The Queen of Mathematics loves order in everything.
So the houses on the streets in the mathematical kingdom were arranged in order from highest to lowest. On one street there were multi-colored houses with a pink roof, on another with a quadrangular blue roof, and on the third street the houses were brown without a roof. The wizard caused confusion here too. You need to arrange the houses in height from high to low, not forgetting that on the same street there are houses with the same roof. Educator:
-Ignat, tell us about your house (it’s the largest, 4-story);
-Arseny, tell us about your house (the smallest one-story)
;
-Sasha, tell me about your house (my house has two floors, it is lower than a 3-story house, but higher than a 2-story house).
Educator: Now arrange the houses differently - let all the 4-story houses stand in a row, making a street of 4-story houses, 3-story houses on another, 2-story houses on the next street, one-story houses on the last street. Well done, you completed the task.
Task 4
Teacher:
Guys, let's play. This game - the "True or False" test will help correct the mistakes that the evil sorcerer deliberately left here and there. If you hear what you think is correct, clap your hands, but if you hear something that is not correct, shake your head: - in the morning the sun rises; - you need to do exercises in the morning; - you can’t wash your face in the morning; — the moon shines brightly during the day; — in the morning the children go to kindergarten; - people have dinner at night; - in the evening the whole family gathers at home; - there are 7 days in a week; — Monday is followed by Wednesday; - after Saturday comes Sunday; - Thursday is before Friday; - only 5 seasons; — spring comes after summer.
Task 5
Educator:
An evil wizard bewitched the inhabitants of the mathematical kingdom using a magic circle.
If we guys divide the magic circle into equal parts, the sorcerer will no longer be able to do mischief, and will turn into a good wizard. You have multi-colored circles on the tables - fold your circle into 2 equal parts. How should you fold so that the parts are the same? ( Align edges)
What can you call each of the parts?
( ½
).
Now fold it in half again? What is the resulting part of the circle called now? (¼
). Well done, the evil spell has been broken!!!
Educator:
Now it's time to return to the group.
How do we get back? (Through the magic door).
-So you and I visited the Kingdom of Mathematics. Let's make one big beautiful carpet for our already good wizard, laying out a pattern of multi-colored circles. With this carpet, the wizard will perform only good miracles. (Performing a collective application.)
Guys, you have completed all the tasks, brought order to the mathematical kingdom, and turned the evil sorcerer into a good wizard. The Queen is very grateful to you for your help.
- Guys, did you like our trip? (Yes, I liked it!)
-What did we do? (They brought order to the mathematical kingdom, and turned the evil sorcerer into a good wizard)
.
-What was especially easy for you? (Work with numbers; compare geometric shapes)
-Why did you succeed? (We all know you are friendly and attentive)
-What seemed difficult? (Clean up order on the streets of the Mathematical Kingdom)
And the Queen of Mathematics left this chest in gratitude for your help. Shall we look into it? Look, these are sweet gifts!!!
Summer
A summer group is usually a temporary group for the summer period, which is attended by children of different ages. There are usually no classes in the summer, but only outdoor games, reading books, going to puppet theaters or museums.
In any group of a preschool institution there must be two teachers and one nanny.
The day should be organized strictly according to the regime established for each specific age, with games, walks, activities, and entertainment. Each lesson is held no more than 2 times a week.
Specialized groups
The division of children in preschool educational institutions is carried out not only by age, but also by purpose and nature of stay.
The mental characteristics and physiological state of the child are also taken into account. Today, the following specialized groups operate in Russian kindergartens:
- GKP or short-term stay . They are rare in preschool educational institutions. They are intended for those children whose parents are not yet ready to leave for the whole day. As a rule, such a group includes no more than 15 people. This allows you to implement an individual approach to the development of the baby. In some kindergartens, the GKP is combined with a regular group;
- speech therapy Suitable for children who have problems with pronunciation. Speech therapists work with the children. The purpose of the classes is to correct speech defects and enrich vocabulary;
- for children with disabilities . The group is distinguished by its heterogeneity. It is attended by children with visual and hearing impairments, and problems with the musculoskeletal system. Children with developmental delays and various emotional disorders are also included here. Specialists work with children to help them eliminate the disorder and acquire the necessary level of knowledge;
- summer _ This is a multi-age temporary group of preschool educational institutions. Created for the summer. The emphasis is on entertainment rather than education. Hiking, outdoor games, and excursions are organized for children.
