Card index of didactic games on sensory development of children of middle preschool age
Lyudmila Dvodnenko
Card index of didactic games on sensory development of children of middle preschool age
Game "Wonderful bag"
Purpose of the game:
Train children to determine what kind of object it is by its characteristic external features, that is, by its shape. It can also be used to develop speech and imagination.
Progress of the game:
To play, you will need a fabric bag made of thick, opaque fabric, into which objects of different shapes and textures are placed. I suggest identifying each item by touch without looking into the bag. You can also hide geometric shapes in it, the child must guess by touch which shape is hidden.
Game "Mosaic from waste material"
Purpose of the game:
developing skills in working with waste materials and developing the child’s imagination.
Progress of the game:
Choose buttons of different colors and sizes or multi-colored caps from plastic bottles. Invite your child to post a drawing, it could be a tumbler, a butterfly, a snowman, balls, beads, etc. After the child learns to complete the task without your help, invite him to come up with his own versions of the drawings. In such games, we reinforce the formation of a sensory standard - color, and if we use buttons, then a sensory standard - shape (circle, square, triangle, oval).
Game "Cinderella"
Purpose of the game:
Develop hand motor skills in children.
Progress of the game:
Place mixed pea seeds, beans and kinder toys in front of the children. In 30 seconds, you must sort them. When the child learns to do this quickly enough, you can complicate the task: for example, blindfold him.
"Find a Pair"
Purpose of the game:
teach children to determine the purpose of objects; establish cause-and-effect relationships between the phenomena of surrounding life and objects; establish a connection between an object and the benefits of its use. Material for the game: a set of cards divided into two halves: on one half there is an object, on the other there is an image (for example: a frosty fur coat, etc.).
Progress of the game:
The teacher lays out all the cards face down. The participants in the game collect the same number of cards and agree on the order. The first participant in the game puts any card image up. The next participants in the game take turns choosing from the cards they have the one that depicts a suitable item and explaining the convenience of its use. For example: “it’s raining outside, so you need an umbrella.” The game ends when one of the participants lays out all his cards.
"Find out the figure"
Purpose of the game:
improve the perception of form; develop voluntary attention; develop speed of movement. Material: cards with images of geometric shapes - square, triangle, circle or objects similar to these shapes - wheel, pyramid, modules.
Progress of the game:
The presenter introduces the children to the prepared geometric shapes, which he places in different parts of the room, and explains the rules of the game. At a signal, children move randomly around the hall, performing various movements. After the leader calls one of the figures, for example “Square”, the children must quickly build around this figure. Children who complete the task quickly and correctly are recognized.
Game “Walking in Traffic Jams”
Purpose of the game:
Develop hand motor skills in children. Train your memory with poems.
Progress of the game:
But we don’t have to remove the traffic jams too far; they can also help us develop fine motor skills and finger coordination. I propose to organize a “ski relay race”. We place two caps from plastic bottles on the table with the threads facing up. These are “skis”. The index and middle fingers stand in them like feet. We move on “skis”, taking one step for each stressed syllable. We go skiing, we rush down the mountain, We love the fun of cold winter. And if you forgot the poem about “skiing”, then let’s remember the one everyone knows... Which one? Well, of course! The bear is clubfooted, walking through the forest... It’s great if the baby not only “walks” with corks on his fingers, but also accompanies his walk with his favorite poems.
Finger gymnastics with clothespins “Gosling”
Purpose of the game:
Develop hand motor skills in children.
Progress of the game:
Educator: My fingers are tired from walking so much! They also need to rest. I suggest doing finger exercises. For this we will need ordinary clothespins. Using a clothespin (check on your fingers that it is not too tight, we alternately “bite” the nail phalanges (from the index to the little finger and back) on the stressed syllables of the poem: “Early in the morning the gosling got up. He nibbled his fingers in his sleep.” Change of hands “Rather feed give it to me. To me and my whole family!”
Game “Drawing on the Croup”
Purpose of the game:
Develop children's hand motor skills and develop the child's imagination.
Progress of the game:
Take a flat dish with a bright pattern. Sprinkle any small grains over it in a thin, even layer. Run your finger over the grain. You will get a bright contrasting line. Try to draw some objects (fence, rain, waves, letters). This kind of drawing not only promotes the development of fine motor skills, but also massages your baby’s fingers. And plus the development of fantasy and imagination. And if you take a circle of cardboard and attach clothespins to it, what will happen? - Sun! What about the sun? - round! What color is it? - yellow! And again, in a form accessible to the child, we consolidate the concept of basic sensory standards. Or you can use all your imagination and make... what from a red circle and a clothespin? (Apple).
"Plant your own alley"
Target:
teach children the sequential arrangement of elements of different sizes in a row.
Rules of the game:
you need to plant trees in a row so that they decrease in height.
Didactic material: trees (birch, linden, maple, oak, poplar, made of cardboard of different heights from 4 to 20 cm. Each tree differs from the one growing next to it by 2 cm.
"Delicious vegetables"
Target:
strengthen children's ability to distinguish vegetables by taste and smell.
Rules of the game:
correctly determine the name of vegetables based on taste and smell.
Description of didactic material: basket with onions, peas, turnips, cabbage, cucumbers; jars of grated vegetables (according to the number of children, knives, clean plates, bowls, boards, aprons, scarves.
"We are entrepreneurs"
Target:
exercise children in distinguishing flowering plants by smell; consolidate knowledge of colors and their shades.
Rules of the game:
perform the proposed tests correctly. Didactic material: flowering plants (aster, dandelion, rose, lily, stencils, gouache, brush.
Methodology: invite children to open a perfume manufacturing company. Children think about what is needed for this, listen to each other’s answers, then generalize them. The teacher offers to take on the role of the president of the company (or one of the children is selected, and the teacher will act as an adviser). Recruitment to the company is carried out on a competitive basis, i.e., based on the results of testing. To become employees of the company, applicants need to be able to distinguish smells well, know many names of flowering plants, be able to talk about them, be disciplined and cultured.
"Field of Dreams"
Target:
consolidate children's knowledge about the primary colors of the spectrum and their shades. Exercise in distinguishing the quality of surfaces of materials.
Rules of the game:
complete the task and score the most points.
Didactic material: colored pencils, pieces of fabric of different qualities, sheets of white paper, paints, brushes, arcs of all colors of the spectrum.
Methodology: Pinocchio comes to visit the children, greets them and asks if they recognize him.
Pinocchio says that he is from the fairy tale “The Golden Key” by A. Tolstoy, which they know well. In it, the fox Alice and the cat Basilio outsmarted him: they offered to plant five gold coins on the “field of miracles”, and then stole them. Pinocchio says that many different stories happened to him in this fairy tale, but thanks to the kind dads Carlo and Giuseppe, as well as the dolls, everything ended well.
"Colored blinds"
Target:
consolidate children's understanding of the division of colors into warm and cold.
Rules of the game:
curtain the window (model) so that the shade of the blinds matches the color of the festively decorated hall.
Didactic material: cardboard blinds of different colors and shades (according to the number of children, a model of pink and blue festively decorated halls with uncurtained windows, flannelgraph.
"Magic Petals"
Target:
consolidate children's knowledge of primary colors and their shades. Rules of the game: correctly fold the petals of different shades into a flower, which is considered to be in bloom.
Didactic material:
a red flower made of cardboard (its petals have different shades from light to dark, sets of petals of different shades of six primary colors (according to the number of children, vases, trays.
"Artists"
Target:
introduce children to shades of primary colors.
Rules of the game: correctly arrange the balls according to shades from the lightest to the darkest and vice versa.
Didactic material:
unfinished drawing on the theme “Girls go to a party”, paper, paints, palette, brushes, jars of water, scraps of fabric (according to the number of children).
“When does this happen?”
Target
: consolidate children’s knowledge about the parts of the day, develop speech and memory.
Progress of the game:
The teacher lays out pictures depicting the life of children in kindergarten: morning exercises, breakfast, classes, etc. Children choose any picture for themselves and look at it. When they hear the word “morning,” all children pick up a picture associated with morning and explain their choice. Then day, evening, night. For each correct answer, children receive a chip.
“What happens?”
Target:
learn to classify objects by color, shape, quality, material, compare, contrast, select as many items as possible that fit this definition; develop attention.
Progress of the game:
Tell us what happens: green - cucumber, crocodile, leaf, apple, dress, Christmas tree.... wide - river, road, ribbon, street... The one who can name the most words wins.
“Find an object of the same shape”
Target:
learn to distinguish objects by shape, distinguish and name some geometric shapes; develop visual perception, memory, imagination, fine motor skills, speech.
Equipment: playing field, cards with subject pictures.
Progress of the game:
The teacher examines the playing field with the child and discusses the pictures: “Look, a watermelon. It resembles a circle in shape. The watermelon is round!” etc. Explain to the child the meaning of the game: “Here is a watermelon, it’s round. Find a suitable card and place it on top. Now let's find cards that depict round-shaped objects and close the empty cells. Which drawings will you choose? Right! It's a watermelon, a wheel, a ball and a button." You can make the task more difficult. Ask your child to select cards with matching pictures for the geometric shapes. During the game, the child will remember geometric shapes, learn to distinguish them, and compare surrounding objects by shape.
"Build a path"
Purpose of the game:
identify the level of perception of magnitude. Equipment: Lego set, bunny toy, teddy bear.
Progress of the game:
make a path of any length, and now make a path longer than the previous one. Place a bear cub on the long path and a hare on the short path.
“Arrange the figures in the houses”
Purpose of the game:
introduce flat geometric shapes - square, circle, triangle, oval, rectangle; learn to select the necessary forms using different methods.
Equipment:
five large shapes (square, circle, triangle, oval, rectangle). There are many small similar figures.
Progress of the game:
Place large figures - houses, and many small ones - in front of the child and play with them: “Here are funny colorful figures. It's a circle, it's rolling - like that! And this is a square. It can be installed." Then offer to place the small figures “in the beds”: “Evening has come. It's time for the figures to rest. Let's put them to bed in their beds." Give the children a small figurine and ask them to take turns finding a place for each one. When the children have laid out all the figures, sum up the game: “Now all the figures have found their beds and are resting. Then show and name all the shapes again, without asking the children to repeat.
“It rolls - it doesn’t roll”
Purpose of the game:
introduce three-dimensional geometric bodies - a cube and a ball.
Equipment:
cubes and balls of different sizes and colors. Progress of the game: show the children a ball, then a cube, accompanying the actions with the words: “This is a ball, it rolls - like this. The balls are smooth. Touch it. And this is a cube. Can the cube roll? No, he can not. But it has corners, touch them.” Give the children one cube and one ball each and invite them to play with them: put them on the floor, on the table, on top of each other, roll them, etc. Then ask them to put the objects in boxes: the balls in one box, and the cubes in another.
"Find a pair by shape"
Purpose of the game:
learn to select the necessary shapes using the method of visual correlation.
Equipment:
pairs of flat geometric shapes made of cardboard of different colors (circles, squares, triangles, ovals, rectangles, a box or a hat. Progress of the game: before starting the game, select geometric shapes. The teacher shows the shape, and the child says what the shape of such a shape can be (for example, a cap – triangular; refrigerator – rectangular; ball – round, etc.)
"Let's decorate the rug"
Purpose of the game:
develop children’s ability to compare two objects by size, activate the words “big, small” in children’s speech.
Progress of the game.
The teacher says: “Children, a bear came to visit us. He wants to give his friends beautiful rugs, but he hasn't had time to decorate them. Let us help him decorate the rugs. How will we decorate them? (in circles) What color are the circles? Are they the same size or different? Where will you put the big circles? (in the corners) Where will you put the small circles? (middle) What color are they? Bear really liked your rugs, he will now give these rugs to his friends.”
"Houses for bear cubs"
Purpose of the game:
develop children’s ability to compare two objects by size, activate the words “big, small” in children’s speech.
Progress of the game:
The teacher says: “Guys, I’ll tell you an interesting story now. Once upon a time there were two bear cubs, and then one day they decided to build houses for themselves. They took the walls and roofs for the houses, but they just don’t understand what to do next. Let us help them make houses. Look how big our cubs are? What is the size of this bear cub, big or small? What kind of house are we going to make for him? Which wall will you take, big or small? What kind of roof should I get? How big is this little bear? What kind of house should he make? What kind of roof will you take? What color is it? Let's plant Christmas trees near the houses. Are the Christmas trees the same size or different? Where will we plant a tall Christmas tree? Where should we plant a low Christmas tree? The cubs are very happy that you helped them. They want to play with you."
"Treat the mice with tea"
Purpose of the game:
develop children’s ability to compare two objects by size, activate the words “big, small” in children’s speech.
Progress of the game:
The teacher says: “Look who came to visit us, gray mice. Look, they brought treats with them. Look, are the mice the same size or different? Let's treat them to tea. What is needed for this? First we'll take the cups. What size is this cup, large or small? Which mouse are we going to give it to?” Then we compare the size of saucers, candies, cookies, apples and pears and compare them with the size of mice. We invite the children to give the mice water and treat them with fruit.
“Choose paths to the houses”
Purpose of the game:
develop children’s ability to compare two objects in length, activate the words “long, short” in children’s speech.
Progress of the game:
We tell the children that the animals built houses for themselves, but did not have time to build paths to them. Look, here are the houses of the bunny and the fox. Find paths to their houses. What path will you make for the bunny, long or short? What path will you put to the fox's house? Next, we select paths to the houses of other animals.
Purpose of sensory education for preschoolers 4-5 years old
Sensory education of children aged 4-5 years is focused on the formation of the foundations of sensory perception of the surrounding reality and the formation of sensory representations of preschoolers. It is important to carry it out precisely during this period because it is sensitive for the development of the sensory side of the personality and the formation of sensory ideas.
Based on this goal, we can identify a number of tasks for sensory education of children 4-5 years old. These include:
- Expanding preschoolers’ understanding of the sensory structure of the world;
- Formation of productive sensory perception skills;
- Improving the sensory development of preschoolers through the active use of all senses;
- Development of skills in differentiating objects based on sensory characteristics;
- Formation of skills for examining objects based on sensory characteristics;
- Development of elementary sensory representations of preschool children.
Achieving these goals is carried out through various methods and areas of educational activity.
