One of the main and fundamental conditions for the comprehensive and full development of children during preschool age is competent, logically structured, beautiful speech. As a rule, it is during preschool age that the optimal and most favorable conditions for the formation of eloquence and a full-fledged vocabulary develop.
According to many speech therapists, in order to help children quickly absorb new information and develop, learn to logically express their thoughts, and talk colorfully and interestingly about themselves and the world around them, specially created techniques and communication techniques are used. And one of these techniques is the use of mnemonic tables in the development of children’s speech.
Common speech problems in preschool children
In most cases, girls and boys of preschool age should already be able to fully operate with synonyms and a variety of images, describe all current events, using vivid, but at the same time grammatically correct word forms. But, unfortunately, not all preschoolers can boast of such skills. Most children face various speech problems:
- Inability to compose long, complex sentences - the child’s speech consists exclusively of simple, laconic sentences.
- The child cannot independently formulate a logically correct and complete sentence.
- Systematic use of non-literary vocabulary.
- Minimal, poor vocabulary that does not correspond to the child’s age category.
- A preschooler cannot independently formulate questions and answer questions posed.
- Poor level of diction.
- A preschooler cannot draw correct logical conclusions and statements.
To correct such speech defects, mnemonics are often used, which have become widespread among many specialists.
What is mnemonics?
Mnemonics – literally translated from Greek means “the art of memorization.” This is a certain system of techniques and methods, the action of which is aimed at the most effective preservation, reproduction and memorization of the received material.
The name of this technique is absolutely no coincidence - it comes from the name of the ancient Greek goddess of memory, logic and prudence named Mnemosyne. Mnemonics is a popular technique, the essence of which is the most accelerated development of coherent speech, based on the visual perception of information with its further reproduction using images.
The main point of using a mnemonic table for children is the following: to determine a specific word or phrase, a specific image (picture) is used, with the help of which a schematic sketch of the word is made. By carefully studying the presented images, the child can quickly memorize and reproduce text material, which helps the development of speech for preschoolers.
The main advantages of mnemonic tables
The use of mnemonic tables in the development of children's speech has become quite widespread among specialists and teachers. The use of this technology can significantly facilitate the learning process for preschool children and maximally accelerate the pace of development of children's coherent speech.
Thanks to the fact that colorful visual schemes are used in the learning process, kids learn to construct grammatically correct, logically complete, consistent and accurate texts, rich in a variety of clarifying details.
Below is an example of a mnemonic table on the topic “autumn”, where the child learns the main features of this time of year.
To summarize, we can say that a mnemonic table for the development of coherent speech is a specific diagram that conveys specific information and acts as a very important visual material for normalizing the full formation of coherent speech in preschool children.
What are the main advantages of mnemonic techniques over other speech development techniques?
- Promotes accelerated development of visual and auditory memory.
- Used to solve common school problems, such as memorizing poems or solving complex riddles and puzzles.
- Mnemonic tables for children are also widely used to develop a preschooler’s skill in retelling any work of fiction.
- In order to improve the conversational skills of a preschooler, as a result of which the child can fully support a conversation on almost any topic.
- Maximum development of speaking skills.
In addition, the timely use of mnemonic tables in the development of coherent speech makes it possible to achieve success in the development of associative thinking, visual perception, auditory memory, and imagination.
Didactic game aids for the speech development center for children of the second junior group
Irina Rumyantseva
Didactic game aids for the speech development center for children of the second junior group
Speech plays a huge role in a person’s life. It serves for communication, transfer of information and experience, regulation of behavior and activity.
In preschool age, speech development is closely connected with the formation of such mental processes as thinking, attention, memory, imagination, with the formation of consciousness and the formation of the child’s personality.
In this regard, speech development is highlighted as a separate educational area in the federal state educational standard for preschool education (FSES DO, Standard).
A small child in the fourth year of life quite actively begins to use speech for communication. There is also intensive development of fine motor skills of the child’s hands. It is necessary to systematically monitor this direction in the child’s development.
The development of fine motor skills often occurs outside of classes, in children’s free activities. Therefore, it is necessary to fill the child’s environment with various objects and aids aimed at developing switchability of movements, coordination of movements and their accuracy and dexterity.
The speech development center is one of the important components of the speech environment.
In our group, the child is provided with various teaching aids (with fasteners, lacing, locks. In play situations, children use clothespins (drying clothes, dressing and undressing large dolls, twisting lids. A variety of finger games are actively used.
The corresponding manuals and games change periodically throughout the year.
To activate children's speech, expand their vocabulary, develop attention and memory, and hand motor skills, you can use a type of work such as “Tell a fairy tale.” To do this, we use a playbook with covers that depict characters from fairy tales well known to children, for example, “Kolobok”, “Turnip”.
Didactic game "Tell a story."
Special purpose:
to develop children’s ability to retell a familiar fairy tale (with the help of an adult) based on visual material. To develop visual perception, the ability to sequentially arrange pictures depicting fairy tale characters, memory, and fine motor skills. Stimulate verbal interaction, the desire to pronounce the text together with the teacher. Cultivate interest in Russian folk tales.
By analogy, you can tell short tales by placing figures of the same characters on a flannelgraph.
One of our children’s favorite didactic games is “Who Talks How” , designed like the game “Wonderful Bag”.
Special purpose:
expand children's understanding that all animals make certain sounds. Exercise children in the ability to pronounce onomatopoeia, correctly correlate it with the image of an animal (bird). Develop auditory and visual perception. Form a dictionary of verbs. Cultivate a cognitive interest in the animal world.
To stimulate the motor skills of both hands, I supplemented the speech development center with new fun game exercises: “Funny Pencils” and “Ball in the Palm.”
Exciting tasks - game exercise “Finger Steps”
not only develop the motor skills of the child’s hands, but also his memory, imagination, observation, visual-spatial perception, and of course contribute to verbal interaction with adults.
The manual is designed in the form of colored strips of thick cardboard with parts made of various materials glued to them.
Special purpose:
arouse children's interest in playing with their fingers. Help children learn to coordinate the movements of their hands and fingers. Develop memory, attention, visual-spatial perception, observation. Promote the development of speech interaction. To develop the ability to maintain the position of the fingers while going through the entire game path.
Didactic game “Name it in one word” (“Didactic Word Cube”) designed in the form of cubes with pictures to classify objects into 9 topics: “Pets”, “Wild Animals”, “Fruits”, “Vegetables”, “Dishes”, “Clothing”, “Transport”, “Toys”, “Furniture” . The faces of one cube contain pictures on the same topic.
Special purpose:
to train children in the ability to look at pictures and correctly name the objects depicted on the faces of the cube. To form children's understanding of the classification of objects according to one main characteristic. Expand knowledge of general concepts (fruits, clothing, transport, etc.) through new names. Develop visual perception, memory, vocabulary of children, speech activity.
Also, the speech development center has been replenished with other didactic aids aimed at developing auditory perception and developing correct speech breathing.
Didactic manual “Boxes - noisemakers” make various sounds from loud, ringing to dull, quiet.
Game exercise “Merry Men”.
When developing children's speech, it is necessary to teach them proper breathing, which affects sound pronunciation, articulation and the development of the vocal cords.
To do this, we use a well-known device made from plastic bottles and straws.
The filling variations of the “Dry Hand Pool” can be very diverse. Ours is filled with fir cones (pre-treated for hygienic safety) and figurines from Kinder surprises.
Timely replenishment of the speech center with game development aids, taking into account the age characteristics of children, allows you to expand the speech environment in the group, create in children emotional responsiveness and a desire to participate in speech communication with adults independently, during the game, to easily and naturally develop and improve their speech skills.
Thank you for your attention!
Production of mnemonic tables
Making educational mnemonic tables for speech development does not require any special skills or artistic talent. A word or short phrase is selected, as well as an image that will clearly illustrate the selected word.
For children of primary preschool age, it is best to use tables with bright, colorful pictures - thanks to images of a squirrel, bunny or flower, the child remembers the material much faster and easier.
After some time, after the children have carefully studied the phrase and the image that characterizes it, you can replace the picture with graphic symbols. For example, draw a Christmas tree with a green triangle, and a hare with a gray or blue circle. Below is shown how, using the example of the fairy tale “Ryaba Hen,” you can make mnemonic tables with gradual complication in the form of replacing pictures with graphic symbols:
Mnemonic table with pictures only.
Add some graphic symbols.
Replace all pictures with graphic symbols.
Most often, for the development of coherent speech in preschool children, ready-made diagrams and tables developed by V.K. Vorobyova or T.A. Tkachenko. But it is worth remembering that such model schemes cannot be called universal - they can only become the basis in the learning process of each individual child. The teacher can independently refine, improve and correct ready-made model diagrams.
In most cases, educational mnemonic tables are used to teach children the main features of a particular subject. Therefore, the main topics in such tables may be the study of the color, shape, size, texture (soft or hard) of a particular object. In addition, the educational mnemonic table can answer the following question:
- What elements does this item consist of?
- What is this thing used for?
- What can you do with this item and what can’t you do with it?
This is an approximate list of questions that the child should answer after studying cards with images and mnemonic tables.
How to work with your child on speech development: useful tips from my experience of games and activities using a book.
Games and exercises for children's speech development with story-based pictures.
In the article and in the book you will find six series of plot pictures
. Read the text of the assignments in advance and prepare the necessary material.
To complete some tasks, you will need to cut out rectangles from cardboard to the size of the pictures to cover the images. This is done so that the child tries to guess what will happen next or, conversely, to identify the cause of events. This way your baby will learn to establish cause-and-effect relationships, reason, draw conclusions, and prove his point of view. It is very important that the child himself tries to find answers to questions and makes assumptions. Don't be too quick to give the "correct" answer. The baby needs to make a small discovery himself and experience the joy of it.
mistakes
in answering questions , for example, says “prettier” or “brighter,” then do not scold him, do not laugh at the mistake, but tactfully correct him: “Think about how to say it correctly... Yes, you guessed it. We must say “brighter”.
Writing fairy tales from pictures
will help children learn to tell stories in a certain sequence, in accordance with the structure of the story (beginning, middle, end), use figurative expressive means of language, and will contribute to the development of the child’s imagination and creativity.
If it is difficult for a child to compose a fairy tale on his own, then help him. Say the beginning of phrases, and the baby will continue them himself. Look how this was done in the tasks for the pictures “Teddy Bear.” You can help your child by giving him a plan. If there is a long pause during the story, help the child with questions: “What happened to the pig next?” or “Where did the puppy go? Who did he meet?
Game “Guess which word is lost”
? Intended for children five years and older. This fun exercise in an entertaining way will teach your baby to hear and isolate the sounds of his native language from the flow of speech, that is, it will contribute to the development of phonemic hearing. If it is difficult for a child to find the right word, then highlight the wrong word in a couplet and offer to replace it. When selecting rhymes, encourage the child’s independence, do not rush to say the correct answer. Help him with a hint, for example, “Flour-...What is this? (point to the child’s hand).” “Hand!”, the baby will guess. Rejoice at his discovery and repeat these couple of words with him. If a sound in a task needs to be highlighted with a voice, then it is indicated in the text by several letters (“essskimo”, “gradussnik”).
When discussing proverbs with children
It is very important to help the child understand their meaning using specific examples from his life experience, fairy tales, and stories. Think about similar situations your child has been in or observed and talk about them.
not look at several series of pictures at one time with your child.
This leads to overtired children, reducing their interest in classes and their effectiveness. It is enough to talk about one episode and do additional tasks for it, given below. To complete additional tasks you will need toys, pencils or paints, and drawing paper. Prepare them in advance.
After looking at all the series of pictures
ask your child why they say this: “Health is more valuable than gold,” “Take care of your health from a young age.” Invite him to tell you how he takes care of his health, and write a letter to Aibolit about it. The child will dictate, and you will write down his story. Prompt your child to start phrases, and he will continue them. Ask your child to draw pictures for his story for Aibolit.
Additionally, you can conduct games and exercises with your child with subject pictures on the topic “Health”.
Name with your child or find in the pictures:
a) items necessary for the doctor and nurse to work;
b) objects that help us always be clean and tidy;
c) healthy foods.
Ask your child which of these items he has at home and why they are needed. Play the game "Guess the object"
».
Option 1. You describe the object, and the child guesses it. For example: “The doctor needs this item. It is glass, long, it helps to find out whether a person is sick, what his temperature is.” After several riddles, invite your child to tell you a similar riddle himself.
Option 2. The child makes a wish for one object. You try to guess what it is by asking questions. For example: “Is this item a product?” (No). “Does a doctor need this item to treat people?” (Yes). “Is he needed to give injections?” (Yes). "It's a syringe." (Yes). After a while, invite the child to switch roles.
Invite your child to pack his doctor's case. To do this, you need to draw all the objects that he will need for work and explain why he needs them.
I wish you the joy of communicating with your baby and interesting activities and games with him!
You will find a link to download pictures at the end of the article.
A series of pictures for storytelling 1. Teddy bear with a sweet tooth.
Who is in the picture? Call the little bear affectionately ( bear, little bear, little bear, little bear
).
What is the bear doing? What is he like? ( Clubfooted, happy, funny, amusing, cheerful, furry, joyful
).
Look at the second picture. What happened to the bear? How did you guess? Why does the bear have a toothache? Look at the third picture. Who did the bear come to? What does Aibolit do? Why do you need to brush your teeth every day?
Let's tell a fairy tale about this bear cub together: “Once upon a time... He loved to eat very much... One day Mishutka... There was a lot of honey... Teddy Bear... The next day he had... Mishka wandered to... Aibolit taught him... Now Mishutka...”. What can we call our fairy tale? It should be clear from the title what it says.
Honey is sweet. What else could be sweet? Guess my riddle: “Sweet, beautiful – is this a cake or candy?”, “Sweet, fragrant, tasty – is this honey or jam?”, Sweet, chocolate – is this candy or cake? What do you call a person who eats a lot of sweets? ( Gourmand, sweet tooth
).
Which word got lost?
The bear ate a lot of honey. The bear's oak tree is sick. ( Oak-tooth
). Say these lines correctly.
Now let's play rhymes. Replace the first sound in words with the sound z and you will guess the rhyme. For example, oak is a tooth. Try. It's fun and interesting. Mike - ... ( bunny)
, door - ... (
beast
), gave - ... (
hall
), carriage - ... (
pen
), set - ... (
fence
).
Complete the sentences. “We need teeth so that... If there is a lot of sweets, then... Mishutka’s teeth hurt because... I brush my teeth every day so that...”.
Additional task. What should you do to keep your teeth healthy and pain-free? ( Don’t eat a lot of sweets, brush your teeth with toothpaste every day, have your teeth treated by a doctor on time, eat healthy foods: fruits, vegetables, cottage cheese...).
Come up with signs that will help you remember Dr. Aibolit’s advice and draw them. Draw a no sign (for example, crossed out sugar and candy) and an allow sign (for example, a toothbrush and a clock or calendar).
A series of pictures for storytelling 2. How Piggy the pig learned to be neat.
Close the first picture and start looking at the second illustration . How is the piglet feeling? How did you know this? The piglet is crying. How can you say it differently? He...( cries, sheds tears, roars
).
What do you think happened to him? Why is he crying? Let's see if we guessed right or not (open the first picture). What is Piggy doing? What pig? ( Unwashed, sloppy, dirty, unkempt
). Where is he sitting? Have you already guessed why he got sick?
Look at the next picture (third). Who did Piggy come to? What does Aibolit do? Why did he take soap, a brush and a basin of water? Why does he need a towel? Now you will be Aibolit. Tell Piggy what needs to be done so that such troubles don’t happen to him again.
Come up with a fairy tale about how Aibolit taught Khryusha to be neat.
Guess which word is lost.
The pig was dirty. The doctor dug it with soap. ( Soap-snout
). Say these lines correctly.
It's time for a rhyming game. Replace the first sound in words with the sound r and you will guess the rhyme. Soap - ...( dug
), varnish - ... (
crayfish
), mother - ... (
frame
), salt - ... (
role
), cat - ... (
mouth
), flour - ... (
hand
), trunk - ... (robot).
Additional task: Why can’t you eat with dirty hands? Is it possible to eat and at the same time play with sand, with boats in a puddle, with pets? Why? When should you wash your hands? ( After using the toilet, walking, before eating
...). Why do we wash our hands with soap?
What else do you need to do to be clean and tidy? Why do they say: “Sun, air and water are our best friends”? How does water help us be healthy? ( We wash our hands, wash ourselves, bathe, swim, wash clothes, wipe off the dust with a damp cloth, harden ourselves
…).
What would happen if the water disappeared? How do you keep things clean? Draw a picture about helping water. How do fresh air and sun help us be healthy? Why is it useful to walk in the forest or park? Why do you need to ventilate the room?
A series of pictures for storytelling 3. How the puppy learned to get acquainted.
Look at the first picture. What happened on the lawn? What is the chicken's mood? How did you guess? The puppy wanted to meet the chicken, and the chicken got angry with him. How do you think why? What did the puppy do wrong?
Look at the second picture. What happened to the puppy? Why did his nose hurt? Why does the doctor lubricate the wound with iodine? Say in one exhale: “Oh-oh-oh, oh-oh-oh, my nose hurts!” (development of speech breathing). What does a puppy need to remember so that this doesn’t happen to him next time?
Does the chick look like its mother? How are they similar? What is the difference? I'll start, and you finish. The hen has a large beak, and the chicken has a small...( beak
).
The mother has big wings, but the chick has small ones...( wings
).
The hen has long feathers, and the chick has short...( feathers
).
The chicken has a big head, and the chicken has a small...( head)
.
The chicken has a big tail, and the chicken has...( tail
).
Make up a story about how a puppy wanted to meet a chicken and what came of it. What will you call her? It should be clear from the title what your story is about.
Find which word is lost:
Rook anointed his nose with iodine so that the dog could run healthy. ( Rook Doctor
).
Repeat these lines correctly.
Additional task: Do you know how to meet people? What words are you saying? ( Hello. Let's get to know each other. My name is... What's your name? How old are you? What do you like to do? Let's play together
...). Play out an acquaintance scene with toys
A series of pictures for storytelling 4. Bouncing bunny.
Close the second picture. Look at the first illustration. Who is in the picture? Call the little bunny affectionately. ( Bunny, bunny, bunny, bunny, bunny
).
What bunny? ( Cheerful, fluffy, nimble, dexterous, agile
).
The bunny has long ears. How can you say about him? He...( long-eared
).
He has a short tail. Bunny...( short-tailed
).
The hare has big eyes. He...( big-eyed
).
Look at the third picture (the second is still closed). What happened to the bunny? How did you figure this out? Why does Aibolit bandage his paw? Think about what happened to the bunny, how he injured his paw.
Let's see if you guessed right (open the second picture). What happened to the bunny? Why did this happen to him?
Let's come up with a riddle about a bunny. "He's gray like...( mouse
).
He is fluffy like...( cotton wool
).
He is as nimble as... ( a sparrow
). Who is this?". Tell this riddle to your friends.
What do the proverbs “Look before you leap”, “Look at your feet: you won’t find anything, at least you won’t hurt your legs” teach us?
Which word got lost?
The bunny jumped merrily. It's a pity that I broke my hat. (Hat-paw). Say it right.
Let's play rhymes. Replace the first sound in words with the sound l, and you will find a rhyme. Cat -…( spoon
), beetle -...(
bow
), lady -...(
llama
), poppy -...(
crayfish
), helmet -...(
mask
). What sound was hidden from you in the words lllapa, skakallka, sllomall, jumpalll, zabinowall? Think of other words with the sound l.
Additional task: The bunny loves to jump. What outdoor games and exercises do you like? Are they good for health? Do you know why you need to do exercises in the morning? (It drives away sleep, gives cheerfulness, joy, improves health, teaches you to move correctly and beautifully
).
What sports games do you know? What is an athlete who plays football called? ( Football player
).
Hockey? (Hockey player
).
Volleyball? ( Volleyball player
).
Basketball? (Basketball player
).
Tennis? ( Tennis player
).
Swimming? ( Swimmer
).
Skis? ( Skier).
Jumping?
( Jumper
).
A series of pictures for storytelling 5. About sweet ice cream and bitter medicine.
Look at the first picture with your child (the second and third should be closed). What is the squirrel doing? How many servings of ice cream has she already eaten? How do you know? What is the squirrel's mood? ( Cheerful, joyful, cheerful
). Why is she so happy? What could happen to the squirrel next? Why do you think so?
Make up a story about what happened to the squirrel.
Now let's open the second picture. How is the squirrel feeling? What's her mood? Why did she tie the scarf around her throat? Why is she holding a thermometer? What do you think Aibolit will need to cure her? What advice will he give her?
Let's open the third picture. What does Aibolit do? The squirrel drank a spoonful of the mixture and wrinkled its face. What was the mixture? What else could be bitter? When the squirrel ate ice cream, it smiled. What kind of ice cream was it? What's healthier - ice cream or an apple? Candy or carrot? Juice or Fanta? Why?
Which word got lost?
The baby squirrel got sick. She drinks cat medicine. (Spoon cat). Repeat these lines correctly.
Guess what sound occurs in all the words I speak. I ate it, essskimo, thermometer. (Sound c). Clap your hands if you hear the s sound in the word. Mixture, tablet, medicine, glass, scarf, spoon, tail, throat, bag.
Additional tasks. Talk to your child about healthy foods. Offer to play grocery store. Let your child draw a window display for this store. Ask your child why he drew these particular products and why they are useful. Ask which ones he will buy in the store. Together with your child, think about what dishes can be prepared from his products. Create your own book of favorite and healthy dishes. The kid will draw pictures in it, and you will write captions for them.
Features of using mnemonic tables for teaching children
Today, mnemonics are one of the easy-to-use, easy, convenient and highly effective techniques for the development of coherent children's speech and accelerated memorization of material, which are implemented through schematic mnemonic tables and graphic images.
At the same time, this technique helps to formulate the baby’s speech, replenish his vocabulary with beautiful, complex and correctly constructed phrases and sentences. The essence of all mnemonic techniques is the transformation of textual, verbal information into visual images. Despite the fact that many preschool-aged children perceive their first lessons very painfully, believing that they will not succeed, in the future the children really enjoy the educational process. Not only is it extremely informative, but it is also very interesting, engaging and fun, like a game.
Most often, in the case of using mnemonic tables for the development of coherent speech of preschoolers in preschool institutions, the following scheme is used:
- The teacher shows the children cards with bright and colorful pictures indicating a certain phrase or sentence.
- The next stage is the study of so-called mnemonic tracks. This is a series of pictures, consisting of about four images, with the help of which the child can tell a simple story.
- The most difficult stage is the direct use of the mnemonic table for teaching coherent speech to preschoolers. Thanks to this method, preschool children learn to reproduce longer and more complex stories and stories.
Varieties of mnemonic devices for the development of coherent speech in preschoolers:
- Cards with an algorithm for certain actions - for example, the sequence of morning activities (washing, brushing teeth, breakfast, getting dressed).
- Mnemonic tracks with a series of different images that tell a specific story or story. For children of primary preschool age, fairy tales are most often used.
- Techniques for faster and easier assimilation of information and study of poetry.
An example of using the fairy tale “The Three Little Pigs”.
An example in the use of a poem.
Pictures for speech development
Picture 1 This is Tanya and Vanya. They are brother and sister. One day Tanya and Vanya woke up and looked out the window. Oh, what beauty! Someone drew patterns on the glass. And outside the window... a white fur coat covered the whole world. What is this? That's right, there is snow on the branches. So, she came... (Talk to the child about the snow, frosty patterns on the glass, about bullfinches, about rowan trees, about trees that have shed their leaves.)
Picture 2
Tanya and Vanya love to play outside in winter. Do you love? Hurry up to the street! Tanya and Vanya are great, they dress themselves. Vanya put on overalls, but what is Tanya wearing? (Fur coat.) Do you like Tanya’s hat? Who has a better hat, Tanya or Vanya? What kind of hat do you have? What do you wear when you go out? (Talk with your child about winter clothes, their types, colors, etc.)
Picture 3
Who is this rushing on a sled down a snowy hill? (Tanya.) Do you think Tanya likes sledding? Where is Vanya? See how well he skis. I just lost my sticks somewhere. But look how he waves his hands! A real skier! What do you like to do more: skiing or sledding? (Talk to your child about the boy on the snow scooter, about your downhill ride, etc.)
Picture 4 Oh, there's so much snow outside! What big snowflakes are flying! Here is Vanya. He rolls a big ball. What did Tanya blind? Look what the snowman has instead of a nose? What kind of snowman do you think Vanya will build? (Wait for the child’s full answer.) What do you like to sculpt from snow? (Draw snowflakes, a snowman, and footprints in the snow on a white or blue sheet of paper.)
Picture 5 It's cold in winter. It is difficult for birds and animals to find food. But they do not lose heart - how joyfully they fly and jump from branch to branch. Yes, and we will help them - we will treat them with something, right? You see, Tanya brought seeds for the birds, and Vanya brought a nut for the squirrel. Well done Tanya and Vanya! (Continue the conversation: what birds does the child know, what berries hang at the feeder, etc.)
Picture 6
In winter there is a very cheerful holiday. Do you know which one? That's right, New Year. For the New Year, they decorate the Christmas tree with shiny toys and light colorful lights on it. Do you like decorating the Christmas tree? Look what a beautiful Christmas tree. Who's near the Christmas tree? (Wait for the child’s detailed answer.) See how smart the children are! And they dance so fervently! Let's find Tanya and Vanya among them. (Look at the toys on the Christmas tree, find out who the kids dressed up as, remember or dream about your holiday.) Thank you, winter, winter, for the holiday!
Picture 7 Who came to the guys for the holiday? (Talk about where Santa Claus lives, what kind of beard and clothes he has, how kind he is, how he loves children.) What does he have in his bag? Do you like Snow Maiden? What is she wearing? What gifts did Father Frost and Snow Maiden bring to Tanya and Vanya? What gift did you get for New Year?
Basic rules of development using mnemonic tables
When using mnemonics for the development of the speech apparatus in preschool children, it should be remembered that most children, without prior training, perceive this teaching method extremely difficult. At the very initial stages of the educational process on speech development for preschoolers, it is best to use mnemonic squares that are more understandable and easy to understand.
Pictures in black and white are unlikely to be of interest to young children, so it is necessary to use colorful images in bright colors.
The number of pictures in the mnemonic track should not be excessive, as this makes it difficult for the child to perceive any information. The maximum allowed number of images in a track should not exceed 8-9 pictures. And, of course, all tables should not duplicate the same topic - they should all be different and relate to completely different areas.
Didactic games for speech development in the second junior group
Presentation
Didactic games for speech development in the second junior group
Completed by: teacher Krieger G.G.
Didactic game. "Extra item"
Goal: to learn to group and qualify objects, develop verbal and logical thinking, cause-and-effect and logical relationships, visual memory, the ability to conduct a dialogue, the ability to find an extra object and explain why it is unnecessary.
We play this game in classes on speech development, familiarization with the world around us. Children look at the pictures, name what is depicted on them, then, using reasoning, find the extra object.
“Who eats what?”
Goal: to introduce what some species of animals eat, to develop logical thinking, fine motor skills, and speech.
In this game, animals are glued to clothespins. Children enjoy “feeding” the animals their favorite food, saying the name of the animals, the name of the food, and you can also ask what sounds the animals make.
This game can be played both in class and during free activities.
"Quick Fingers"
Goal: be the fastest to put rubber bands on your fingers as shown on the task cards, to develop fine motor skills, memory, and thinking.
We play this game in classes on FEMP, speech development, familiarization with the outside world, and in their free time children play with pleasure.
"What does it look like?"
Goal: to teach children to create images in their imagination based on schematic representations of objects, to develop thinking, memory, and speech.
The good thing about this game is that it can be played in all classes. Develops logical thinking, coherent speech, memory.
"Children on a Walk"
Goal: to teach children to create images in their imagination based on schematic images of objects, to develop memory and coherent speech.
We play in physical education classes, speech development, ecology, and familiarization with the outside world.
“What did the artist mix up?”
Goal: to develop attention, visual perception, coherent speech.
In a class on speech development, this game makes it possible to solve many problems: the development of attention (look at the picture and say what’s wrong in it), logical thinking (the frog is sitting in a nest - where does it live?), the development of coherent speech (let’s make a fantastic story)
We also take this game to classes to familiarize ourselves with the world around us.
“Whose subject?”
Goal: to develop imagination, attention, coherent speech, logical thinking.
On the topic “Family”, children learn to determine who owns what, and discuss why this item was given to, for example, grandmother or mother (grandmother makes jam, mother wears high-heeled shoes).
The game is interesting in classes on speech development, familiarization with the outside world, art, etc.
"Games with clothespins"
Goal: development of fine motor skills, coherent speech, creativity and logical thinking.
Children like this game because it can be played in all classes, during children's morning reception, and during free activities.
Develops fine motor skills, creativity and perseverance.
"Mnemotables of tongue twisters"
Goal: development of visual and auditory memory, visual and auditory attention, imaginative thinking, imagination, speech.
Using mnemonic tables, tongue twisters are well remembered and visual perception is developed, which is why we use them in all classes.
"Riddles-answers"
Goal: to teach children to correlate the verbal form of describing objects with the graphic form.
We play this game in classes on speech development (a riddle about a hedgehog - describe it), familiarization with the world around us (tell us about a hedgehog - what it is like, where it lives, what it likes to eat), etc.
You can play with the whole group of children, or in subgroups.
Learning results through mnemonic tables
In the vast majority of cases, learning and speech development through mnemonic tables in preschool children is successful. Children significantly expand their horizons and knowledge about the world around them, their imagination noticeably develops, they begin to actively come up with their own plots and entertaining stories.
The children develop an increased interest in various poems and obtain new information about the world around them, their vocabulary expands, and they become ready to speak in front of audiences.
Mnemonics of coherent speech for preschoolers is a popular and widespread technique, the action of which is aimed at improving the procedure for memorizing material, developing associative thinking and beautiful, competent coherent speech.
