Features of memory in preschool children, conditions for its development

Development of memory in preschool children. It is impossible to imagine a mentally healthy person without memory. This simply cannot happen. After all, memory is a tool with which an individual can apply his experience and rely on previously acquired knowledge. It is important to teach your memory to work correctly so that it does not fail. For this, a fertile period will be preschool age, when the emergence and development of mental activity occurs.

Features of memory development in a preschool child

Each time period of a person’s life is different from others, because at each stage new knowledge comes. In addition, the ability to remember depends on a person’s physical and mental abilities. In preschool age, memory is excellent, the child literally grasps everything on the go. Everything he learns interests him; this is the process of cognition. But what seemed uninteresting will remain overboard.

Memory is a meaningful action. If a child does not understand something, he will not remember it. Involuntarily, things that touched and impressed the child are remembered. And in order to remember something that, in a child’s opinion, is not at all interesting, you need to work hard. Meanwhile, the child who is already learning to analyze, compare, generalize, and masters other operations of mental activity remembers better.

Bright pictures are very important for children; their eyes catch colorful illustrations, and their brain forces them to put these images in their memory. Movement also helps memory. A child cannot be passive, so outdoor games and exercises help develop his memory.

The first important stage in the period of growing up of a preschooler appears at the age of four. If before this period there were first actions that gave rise to memorization, then in the middle group of kindergarten the child can already remember the words spoken to him and perform some actions based on instructions. He can even plan some actions himself based on the remembered material, and first of all, the support for these memories will be the child’s personal observations.

At the age of five, a preschooler comprehends logical memorization; adults help him with this when they give some instructions or explanations for any actions. During this period, the interaction of mental operations is important.

Additional recommendations

If you have decided to develop the memory of a preschooler, then you should not limit yourself to direct methods. There are a number of conventions that have a significant impact on brain function, which can significantly harm the effectiveness of training. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to them, as well as bring all the necessary changes into the child’s life.

Daily regime

Establishing the correct daily routine is an important condition, without which it will not be possible to develop memory. A child needs to sleep at least 8 hours every night, and he must have enough free time during the day or evening to devote to his favorite entertainment.

It is important to plan the day for your child in such a way that he does not experience overwork. Even if you need to perform a difficult task for a very long time, you must take short rest breaks. You should also make sure that the baby does not suffer from idleness and is not lazy.

Emotions

The emotional component is of greatest importance in the life of a preschooler. It is on her that the future of the baby, the characteristics of his development and the perception of the world around him depend. Parents should devote as much time to him as needed. Lack of communication is detrimental to a child’s psyche.

You need to spend a lot of time with a preschooler, give advice, show care, and help if necessary. He must feel parental love. Only in this way will he have the desire to develop, be a good person and communicate with the people around him.

Nutrition

Almost every parent prohibits their child from eating junk food. For this reason, children make scandals, cry, get very offended, and the most desperate ones simply run away from adults, without thinking about the consequences. Therefore, you need to prepare the child by explaining why certain foods cannot be eaten.

Fatty or fried foods, fast food, carbonated drinks should be excluded from the diet, and the amount of sweets consumed with baked goods should be limited. The most beneficial will be: nuts, grains, fruits, vegetables, herbs, mushrooms, cheese, white meat, seafood, fish and liver.

Physical activity

Movement is life. It even affects the level of intellectual development and the quality of memorization. This is due to the fact that physical activity increases blood circulation, which increases the efficiency of the brain. At the same time, metabolism is normalized, the likelihood of the occurrence of certain diseases is reduced, and mental stress disappears.

For preschool children, light jogging in the park, dancing, yoga, and swimming are suitable. It is acceptable to engage in other sports, but when choosing, be sure to take into account the child’s personal wishes.

It is recommended to spend more time outdoors. This is especially useful for children's bodies. With daily walks, memory development during preschool age will become even more effective.

Types of memory

Development of memory in preschool children. There are several types of memory.

• motor,
• emotional,
• verbal-logical,
• figurative.

In turn, it is necessary to note involuntary memory, when images and objects are remembered as if by themselves, without any effort, and voluntary, when a diligent process of memorization is underway. Involuntary memory is typical for younger preschoolers. Older preschoolers are already beginning to master voluntary memorization.

Emotional development of a preschooler

BASIC TYPES OF MEMORY

Human memory is usually classified by type. In modern psychology, classification on several grounds is most widespread and used.

Features of mental activity divides memory into:

· Motor. This type of memorization is expressed by memorizing and then reproducing various movements, ranging from the simplest to the most complex. It is this memory that helps the baby learn to roll over, sit, walk, and subsequently write, play certain sports, drive a bicycle and a car.

· Emotional. When using this type of memorization, a person retains experiences and everything connected with them.

· Figurative memory is also called visual memory. That is, the proposed information is remembered in the form of certain images, smells, that is, the sense organs are involved in the formation of figurative memory. Figurative memorization in some people has certain characteristics, these often include manifestations of eidetism. At the same time, a person can describe the images he previously perceived in the smallest detail; such memory often occurs in children of preschool and school age.

· Verbal-logical. In this type of memorization, the products of human culture are assimilated through communication and words.

Memory is also divided according to the duration of its storage, that is, it can be short-term, long-term or operational. Short-term memory is present every day in every person. That is, a few minutes after visiting a store, a person can, for example, describe the buyer standing in front of the queue. As a rule, this information is gradually erased throughout the day.

The features of our memory are also divided by the nature of its purposes. It can be involuntary or voluntary. Involuntary memorization occurs even if a person does not make any effort to do so. Voluntary occurs when a person specifically expends some effort to remember the information he needs.

Long-term memory is considered the most important memory in the development of a person as an individual.

memory is considered the most important memory in the development of a person as an individual . It is thanks to this type of memorization that each person accumulates his life experience. Information with this type of memory is remembered for a long time for completely different reasons. Both special memorization and vivid emotions experienced by a person at a certain moment in life help in this. A person needs RAM to support his activities. The necessary information can either be forgotten due to its uselessness, or pass into long-term memory.

Depending on the method of memorization, memory is divided into semantic and mechanical. Repeated repetition without establishing meaning between opposing objects is rote memory. Semantic memorization is based on establishing some connection between objects.

Reproduction forms

Forms of reproduction can also be divided into groups.

• The simplest thing is recognition. If a person has seen or heard something before, he will certainly recognize it.
• The second form is memory. For memory it is not important to see the object. It is important to remember its signs.
• The third form is recollection. In this case, remembering can be difficult; in order to remember, you need to make an effort and character.
• The fourth form is forgetting. It is impossible to remember everything all the time. Forgetting is the case when the brain refuses to remember the characteristics of an object or replaces one object or phenomenon with others because recognition is blurred.

In preschoolers, figurative memory dominates. He remembers the signs of an object and phenomenon, if they are vivid and catch his imagination. Can remember minor details, but most importantly, forget important things.

In addition, when working with children, you need to remember another feature of the children's brain: selectivity. Everything that is interesting to a preschooler is remembered without difficulty. Everything that is boring and uninteresting is immediately forgotten, because there is no fixation on its main features.

The third feature: repetition is the mother of learning, teachers say following the author of the historical phrase. If a child repeats the same actions over and over again, he automatically remembers.

The fourth distinctive feature of a preschooler’s memory is that emotional influence leads to memorization. What touches you cannot help but leave a trace in your memory.

When the amount of information accumulates, with the development of perception, the child is able to master coherent and systemic ideas. And the next step will be meaningful operation of the acquired knowledge.

conclusions

A child’s memory is constantly improving throughout preschool age. Initially involuntary and mechanical memorization gradually becomes a conscious process, and the volume of memory increases. The adult’s task is to help the child maximize his abilities in a playful way. Using the games we describe, you can develop your child’s auditory, visual, tactile and motor memory. But do not forget that childhood is a carefree, happy time, and there is no need to overload your child with constant exercises.

Norms of memory development in preschoolers

For a specific age stage there are different norms.

• Up to a year - motor memory, there are reflexes, memorization at the level of emotions.
• 1-2 years – development of the nervous system, figurative memorization.
• 2-4 years – development of mechanical memory, memorization and logical thinking skills, recognition predominates, interest is important for memorization.
• 4-5 years – involuntary memorization, voluntary begins, recall prevails.
• 5-7 years - arbitrary. The volume of normal memorization is from 8 out of 10 items.

Developmental techniques for children

Classification of types of memory

In modern science, it is customary to distinguish some classes of memory into groups:

• The type of mental activity involves memory through images. It includes memories through the body's sensory systems, for example, through vision, taste, hearing, smell, and tactile sensations. This type also includes emotional and motor memory.
• The difference is awareness. Memory is divided into unconscious, which appears secretly, and conscious, during which a person tries to recall knowledge acquired earlier.
• Duration of capturing images. This class includes:

— Instant – holding the information image for a few seconds;

— Short-term – 20-30 seconds with memorization of 4-8 elements of information;

— Operational. Saves information until the end of the current action;

- Long-term. It forms the basis for acquiring knowledge for many years; it is designed for use, which involves many images restored in memory.

How to measure a child's memory

Development of memory in preschool children. You can measure your child's memory using special tests.

Visual memory

The child is invited to look at the pictures. It will take one and a half minutes to open. Then the child is asked to draw from memory what he saw.

If the child correctly drew most of the objects, his memory is good. If not, there are memory problems.

Another option is to show the child pictures, ten in total. Then they ask him to name the objects he saw.

If the child correctly named more than 8 pictures, his memory is good. If you made a mistake about five times, the result is average. If you made more than five mistakes, then your memory is bad.

Auditory memory

The teacher calls out the numbers, the child must repeat after him. If the child names at least 5 numbers from a series correctly, then his memory is good.

Recognition test

The child is shown a picture depicting certain objects. Then he is asked to find these objects in a large picture.

If a child managed to find at least eight out of 10 objects, his memory is good. Made more than five mistakes - the result was weak.

Exercises and games to develop memory

Remembering that it is easier for a preschooler to remember things that he understands, you need to build the learning process through play, based on motor activity and emotions caused by interest.

Development of figurative memory

Development of memory in preschool children. The child’s ability to involuntarily memorize objects can be used in the “Classification” game. In this case, the child is offered several pictures with images of some objects. The child needs to arrange the illustrations into groups. For example, he must arrange pieces of furniture into “rooms”: bedroom, living room, kitchen, bathroom. Or there are pictures of animals. The child should put domestic animals in the “house” and wild animals in the “forest”.

The game “Shop” will help to develop figurative memory. The child shopper “does” the shopping, who must put into a basket the items he was told to “buy.”

Development of imagination in preschool children

Development of auditory memory

When a child hears some information, he mentally processes it and only then takes action. What if the child does not know how to listen and hear? Then there is no need to talk about his future success at school. Therefore, it is very important for preschoolers to develop auditory memory. You can use these exercises.

Verbal relay race

In this game, the leader names a word. The child must repeat the word that the leader said and say his own word. Then it’s the presenter’s turn. He names these two words and adds a third. Child's turn: he repeats all the words and adds a fourth word. It is desirable that the words be on a specific topic: “Summer”, “Vegetables”, “Transport”, “Dishes”, etc. The one who made a mistake, knocked down the verbal chain, lost.

Game of colors

In this exercise, the child must color the picture. But before that, he listens to a text passage that talks about the plot in the picture and names the colors. For example, in the picture there is a house with a brown roof, red apples grow on the tree house, and blue flowers grow in the clearing. In order to color the picture correctly, the child must remember the text.

Tact

Clap your hands or knock with a hammer, beating time. The child must repeat the sound combination.

Voluntary and involuntary memorization

At the age of four or five years, children remember information unconsciously. The most interesting or accidentally attracted attention phenomena, objects, names settle in their brains. Preschoolers do not know how to set memorization goals and implement them; they do not know the techniques by which the process of perception can be simplified.

The task of parents, educators, and teachers is to prepare the ground for the transition from involuntary to conscious perception by the beginning of school. To do this you need:

• develop speech, name surrounding objects. During the experiment, which consisted of showing a group of children cards with images of objects, the following was revealed. Children remembered objects whose names were spoken out better. Of the 10–12 proposed pictures, they reproduced from memory 8 with the spoken names and only 2–3 without them;
• Read aloud to children, look at and discuss pictures together. At this age, children tend to imitate fairy-tale characters, so classes additionally have an educational effect.

Developed voluntary perception is an important indicator of readiness to start school. There are children who do not want and do not like to study from the first grade. They spend all their energy not on the educational process, but on overcoming their own laziness. This phenomenon is directly related to the development of memory. Guys who have trouble remembering information are unsure of themselves and shy.

There are special classes in which voluntary perception is trained and memory is developed. The exercises include mastering mnemonic techniques and memorization techniques.

Somewhat later, children with developed voluntary perception are ready for more complex Memorica activities. This is an original technique aimed at increasing memory capacity, developing attention and concentration. After this course, the child will be able to manage all the processes of his memory and will be able to systematize any information received. After completing the course, students' memory capacity increases, self-doubt and fear of exams and tests disappear.

Development of visual memory

Development of memory in preschool children. Bright pictures attract children's attention, but are kids able to retain the image in memory? To develop their abilities, you can invite preschoolers to play the following games:

"Restore the pattern"

A pattern is laid out on the surface using painted parts. The child remembers it. Then the child is asked to lay out the same pattern from memory.

"Scout"

There are objects on the table. The child looks at them and remembers what and where it is. Then the child turns away, and some objects are swapped. The child must name the objects that were moved.

"Walk"

While walking, the child sees many colors and objects, he involuntarily remembers what attracted his attention. An adult should help focus attention. After the walk, you can ask your child to draw what he remembers.

Games for memory development

For very young children (10 months - 1.5 years), there are games that develop memory, for example, “Find the toy”.
First, in front of the child, a toy is placed under one of the two diapers lying in front of him. The baby will begin to study them, as if trying to figure out what kind of toy it is? The concentrated expression on his face will show that he is trying to remember where she was hidden. Finally, he will pull off the diaper and be glad that he was not mistaken. This experiment is repeated several times, and the toy is always placed under the same diaper. And then, under the baby’s supervision, they hide it under another one. And, although the little one saw everything perfectly, for some time he will still look for the toy in the same place. This happens because this particular option is recorded in his memory. Later, from 1 to 1.4 years, the search time is reduced: now the baby remembers where you put the toy, or even notices the bulge and can figure out what’s under the diaper. The game “Hide and Seek” is also good for memory development in young children, starting from 8-10 months. The easiest option is to throw a scarf over your face and ask: “Where is mommy?”, and then open your face or let your baby pull the fabric off. With a slightly older child, about a year old, you can try hiding behind a chair or headboard for a few seconds. When the mother “disappears,” the baby’s memory preserves her image, and when she appears again, the baby experiences genuine joy from the coincidence of this image and the mother’s appearance in reality.

Children over 2 years old are perfectly developed by the game “What’s gone?” ("What is missing"). Several objects and toys are placed on the table. The child looks at them carefully for one to two minutes and then turns away. At this moment, the adult removes one of the objects. The child’s task is to remember which item is missing (for children of older preschool age, a more complex option is offered - with the disappearance of two or more toys). Children's responses may vary. Depending on readiness, the baby can find a toy on another table, in the room, at a more distant distance, choose a sign with the name of the toy, etc. This game has another option. The child needs to remember the location of the toy among others, and after the adult behind the screen breaks this order, return it to its original place. The opposite version is also possible - the game “Who came to us?”, when the adult does not remove, but adds an object or several objects behind the screen.

There is another memory game - “Box”. Children from 2 to 6 years old can play it. The box is made up of small boxes, which are placed in pairs and glued together. Their number gradually increases (by older preschool age up to 12 pieces). An object is hidden in one of them in front of the child, after which the box is covered with a screen for a while. Then he is asked to find an object.

Development of motor memory

To develop motor memory, you can play “puppet”. The child stands calmly, and the adult controls his arms and legs, forcing him to go right, left, forward. Then the child is asked to repeat the movements from memory.

You can also use the game “Do as I do.” The teacher makes the movements, the child repeats after him.

Developmental activities for preschool children

Exercises to develop auditory memory

• "Words" . This game is very similar to the well-known game "Cities". It not only develops the child’s memory, but also promotes the transition of words from a passive to an active vocabulary, and also improves phonemic hearing. So, name the word and ask your child to come up with a word starting with its last letter. Then you do it, and so on in a circle. Another version of this game is to name words starting with one pre-selected letter.
• "10 words" . Invite your child to remember 10 words that are not related in meaning. Read the words at a moderate pace, taking a short break between them.
• Retellings.
• Learning songs and poems.
• "Remember how your day went".

Development of arbitrary logical memory

The ability to classify leads to the development of arbitrary logical memory, so it is important to give children exercises where they must use methods of classification, analysis, comparison and generalization.

Didactic game "Cards"

Children are asked to select images based on specific characteristics and arrange them in piles. For example, from pictures with birds and animals, you need to put pictures with birds in one group, and pictures with animals in another. Themes for the game can be different: sports, furniture, seasons, plants, etc.

"Twins"

Among different pictures, the child must find two identical ones.

Why is it important to develop memory in children from an early age?

It’s not for nothing that newborn children are compared to a blank sheet of paper on which nothing has yet been written. After all, memory is memories of past experiences, and babies don’t have them yet. But as they grow up, literally from the first months, babies accumulate different feelings, sensations, abilities and skills, many of which will last a lifetime.

Today, people have come up with many ways to “save” important dates, events, lists, etc.: from convenient planners and checklists to reminder applications on their phones and computers. This is understandable - after all, it is much easier than storing information in your head. This is why it is so important to “pump up” your memory on your own. This will help your child:

• easy to remember facts, events, texts, etc.;
• do well in school;
• think outside the box;
• and even find a way out of difficult life situations!

You just need to remember that “poor” memory in children is often confused with underdeveloped memory. And this can be corrected by regular exercise and training.

Development of long-term memory

Development of memory in preschool children. To develop long-term memory, you need to teach a child not only to recognize, but also to reproduce information. Long-term memory is impossible without expanding the horizons of a preschooler. In this case, exercises with texts and illustrations help.

Preschoolers are offered several pictures depicting animals and various objects. And there is a suggestion: remember all the animals, for example. Or remember all the dishes that are in the pictures and then name them.

A good option would be to compare pictures that differ in minor details.

Simple workouts

Achieving memory development in preschoolers is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. You just need to provide the child with comfortable conditions, as well as put into practice the techniques you like, but do this in such a way that the child does not experience negative emotions during the training process. To fulfill the last condition, it is necessary to take into account the interests of children, giving them the right to vote in the choice of technology for development. It’s best to start with methods that are simpler and more accessible in everyday life.

Poems

At school, many children begin to dislike poems, because... It is extremely difficult for them to cope with memorizing long poetic works. If you learn interesting rhymes before school, then this outcome can be prevented. At the same time, memorizing even light quatrains will be beneficial, making the child’s memory much stronger.

It is important that the child himself likes the poem. At the same time, parents should in every possible way encourage his desire to learn a few more lines. It’s enough to simply praise the baby, saying how great he is. It is best to approach learning poems at the age of 5-6 years.

Memorizing information

Simple memorization is a popular method for schoolchildren to memorize important information. But it can be extremely effective for preschoolers too. This is due to the fact that with active memorization, the child’s memory is seriously trained, becoming stronger. For these purposes, you can select short, simple rules or interesting facts. The child will have to reproduce the memorized text as accurately as possible.

It is not recommended to get carried away with this method, because... it may have a negative impact on future learning. If a child gets used to memorization, then involuntary memory will work less effectively, and the desire to understand and understand the subject will be blocked by attempts at simple memorization.

Reading

Literature can also be very useful in developing memory. If the child has already learned to read, then he can be given simple books that he can master. Preschoolers who cannot yet read even a short story on their own should be helped by their parents. You just need to read any interesting book to your baby before bed or during the day.

After reading, parents should discuss the story they read with their child. You can ask for comments on certain events, tell your impressions, or offer to find references to certain things on the pages of the work. It is also advisable to give the child the task of briefly retelling the story he heard.

What I saw

A very simple method to strengthen your memory. It represents an interesting interaction between parents and child. The idea is that adults ask the child questions or ask him to talk about any recent event. For example, going to the circus or an evening walk. You need to choose activities that evoke a lot of emotions in your child.

With such discussions, the child will develop memory, sociability, outlook, as well as a desire to show increased attention to detail. It is important to ask questions with motivation, so that the child understands why he is being asked about this, and the conversation does not resemble an interrogation.

Associations

One of the most effective mnemonic techniques is association. They are very often used by children to memorize information, but when used purposefully, this method leads to memory strengthening. Its essence is to create associative chains in which each item is connected to each other by a certain characteristic. This memorization allows you to retain the maximum amount of information in your memory.

It is recommended to use the technique for preschoolers 6-7 years old. Younger children will not be able to fully use all the conditions of associative chains.

Scientists have proven that 70% of information received is forgotten the very next day, another 25% is forgotten within a month. It turns out that of the memories that are not further consolidated, only 5% remains in the head.

Methods for developing tactile memory

Tactile memory is a person’s ability to remember the sensations of touching a particular object. To develop tactile memory you will need the following exercises:

"Find by touch"

The child is asked to choose one from a variety of objects based on specific tactile characteristics. For example, a child is told that this object is soft and fluffy. Or rough, prickly.

"Game with mood"

The child has associations about objects. If an object is soft and pleasant to the touch, then this object is in a good mood. Which object is in a sad mood? Or evil? The child, relying on tactile sensations, selects objects.

"Tales with tactile details"

In this case, the child participates in a theatrical production, where the plot of a fairy tale is heard, and all the characters and objects surrounding them can be touched and determined what they are: soft, rough, hard, prickly, etc.

Games to develop fine motor skills in children

Recommendations for parents on developing children's memory article on the topic

Recommendations for parents on developing children's memory

Memory is one of the basic cognitive processes. Without a sufficient level of memory development, successful learning is impossible. Therefore, many parents are concerned about the question of how to develop their child’s memory.

To answer this question, you first need to understand what memory is and how it works.

Memory development

Memory can be defined as the ability to receive, store and reproduce information. Memory underlies a child’s abilities and is a condition for learning, acquiring knowledge and skills.

Memory can be voluntary (consciously remembering information) and involuntary (based on emotions and interest).

Memory can be short-term (accurate reproduction several tens of seconds after a single presentation of information) and long-term (reproduction of information after a sufficiently long time).

Depending on which sensations predominate, they talk about visual, auditory, emotional memory, etc.

Visual memory is associated with the storage and reproduction of visual images.

Auditory memory is a good memorization and accurate reproduction of a variety of sounds, for example, musical, speech. This type of memory is especially important in the development of a child. Everything that a preschool child knows, he learns by ear. In the same way, he will absorb up to 70% of the information while studying at school.

Emotional memory is memory for emotional experiences. The strength of memorizing material is based on emotional memory: what evokes emotions in a child is remembered by him without difficulty and for a longer period.

When parents complain about their children’s poor memory, they often give examples of how they force the child to literally memorize material, but the child cannot learn it in a day. In this case, the problem is that the child is required to mechanically memorize material that does not arouse his interest.

However, without support for mental activity, without support for understanding, any assimilation of knowledge is generally impossible and unnatural for a healthy child. That is why it is so important when developing memory to focus more on semantic memory and show the child various techniques that help him remember better.

Development of memory in schoolchildren

In order to help your child remember educational material more easily and effectively, you need to take into account all factors. Therefore, try to determine which type of memory predominates in your child. But still remember that sometimes it happens that a student’s memory can be mixed. Naturally, you need to take into account how your child remembers school material more easily. But it is advisable not to concentrate on only one type of memory, but to develop a little of everything.

The development of memory in schoolchildren involves memorizing material in different ways. For example, when helping your child with homework, try to read aloud to your child one day, and the next day ask him to read to you.

Try to use pictures, diagrams, drawings when doing homework. Make your child say the answers out loud. In this way, the child will develop all types of memory, and after a while it will be much easier for him to remember school material and answer in class.

Don’t forget to review the material you’ve already learned with your child, for example, every day at first, and then once a week. Also, be sure to come up with examples for the material you are studying with your child. Because it is very important that the child does not memorize the material, but understands it.

When studying any material, it is necessary to take short breaks, since children get tired quickly. Teach your child to look for basic concepts in the material, which will help the child quickly navigate and quickly remember all the material.

Recommendations for teachers and parents on memory optimization

* Make sure that the material that the child remembers is clear to him.

* It is better to divide the time for studying the material into reasonable time periods, since in small portions the material is remembered not only faster, but also for a long time.

* Ask your child to repeat the learned material on the second day.

* When memorizing, encourage your child to speak out loud.

* Get your child interested in the information he is learning, since high motivation for learning has a very large positive effect on memory.

* If your baby shows obvious signs of fatigue, take a break.

Memory development exercises:

In order to develop a good memory in a child, you need to teach him to correctly remember and study material, as well as simply develop memory and associative thinking. Simple task games are suitable for this purpose.

For example, play illogical associations with your child. To do this, tell him several unrelated words (elephant, shop, bicycle, grandfather), and the child must come up with a story in which these words will be used.

You can also offer your child several pictures, he should look at them for about thirty seconds, then you hide the pictures, and the child should draw what he remembers. You can come up with most of the games yourself, but the main thing is that the sooner you start developing your child’s memory, the easier it will be for him to learn in the future.

Recommendations for parents of hyperactive children

1. You need to communicate with a hyperactive child gently and calmly. If an adult carries out a learning task with him, then it is desirable that there are no shouts and orders, but also enthusiastic intonations and an emotionally upbeat tone. A hyperactive child, being very sensitive and receptive, will most likely quickly join your mood. Emotions will overwhelm him and become an obstacle to further successful actions.

2. Quite often, hyperactive children have extraordinary abilities in various areas, are smart and quickly “grab” information, which gives teachers the impression that these children need to be given more information faster. However, excessive demands on such children and increased workloads often lead to overwork, whims, and abandonment of activities altogether.

3. A hyperactive child, as a rule, receives a huge number of comments both at home and at school, and as a result his self-esteem suffers, so he needs to be praised more often for his successes and achievements, even the most insignificant ones. However, we must not forget that insincere and undeserved praise is unacceptable. All children, especially hyperactive (and especially sensitive) ones, will quickly “see through” you and stop trusting you.

4. However, remembering that a hyperactive child needs praise and approval from adults to build self-confidence, we must not forget that if an adult wants to praise a child for successfully completing a task, for perseverance or accuracy, it is better not to do it too emotionally, so as not to overstimulate him.

5. If an adult wants to ensure that a hyperactive child follows his instructions and requests, he must learn to give instructions to him. First of all, the instructions should be terse and contain no more than 10 words. Otherwise, the child will simply “switch off” and will not hear you. Teachers should not give the child several tasks at once. It is better to give the same instructions, but separately, adding the next one only after the previous one has been completed. Moreover, it is necessary that the tasks are feasible for the child both physically and in time. Their implementation must be monitored.

6. If adults believe that some activity of the child should be prohibited (for example, the child cannot leave the office, etc.), then we must remember that there should be very few such prohibitions, they must be agreed upon in advance with the child and formulated in a very clear and unyielding manner. In this case, it is desirable that the child knows what sanctions will be imposed for violating this or that prohibition. In turn, adults must be very consistent when implementing sanctions.

7. In everyday communication with hyperactive children, it is necessary to avoid sharp prohibitions that begin with the words “no” and “impossible.” A hyperactive child, being impulsive, will most likely immediately react to such a ban with disobedience or verbal aggression. In this case, firstly, you need to speak to the child calmly and restrainedly, even if you are forbidding him to do something, and secondly, it is advisable not to tell the child “no”, but to give him the opportunity to choose! (If the child screams loudly, you can sing with him a few favorite songs of his choice. If the child throws toys and things, you can offer him games with water, which are described in the section “Games that are played ... (for example, “Ball Fights” ).

8. Due to his impulsiveness, it is difficult for a hyperactive child to switch from one type of activity to another at the first request of an adult. Sometimes it is better to warn him about it a few minutes before starting a new activity. (“In 4 minutes we will start another exercise”). Moreover, in order not to cause aggression in the child, it is better if, after these 4 minutes, it is not you who remind him, but the ringing of an alarm clock or timer. In the case when a child correctly fulfills the given conditions, he certainly deserves a reward, and here it is appropriate to use the system of rewards and punishments discussed above.

9. Very often adults claim that hyperactive children never get tired. It is this fatigue that manifests itself in the form of motor restlessness, which is often mistaken for activity. Such children get tired very quickly, and this leads to a decrease in self-control and an increase in hyperactivity, from which they themselves and everyone around them suffer.

10. Maintaining a clear daily routine at home is also one of the most important conditions for successful actions when interacting with a hyperactive child. Eating, walking, and doing homework must be done at the same time, known to the child. To prevent overexcitation, such a child must go to bed at a strictly defined (fixed) time, and the duration of sleep must be sufficient to restore strength (in each case, the parents determine this duration themselves, based on the child’s condition).

11. If possible, it is necessary to protect a hyperactive child from prolonged use of the computer and from watching television programs, especially those that contribute to his emotional arousal.

As V. Oaklander wrote: “When such children are given attention, listened to, and begin to feel that they are being taken seriously, they are able to somehow minimize the symptoms of their hyperactivity.”

How to improve memory?

There are three "laws" of memory.

The first “law” of memory is to get a deep, vivid impression of what you want to remember, and for this you need to:

1. Concentrate;

2. Observe carefully. First of all, get a visual impression, it is stronger: the nerves leading from the eye to the brain are 20 times thicker than the nerves leading from the ear to the brain.

The second “law” of memory is repetition.

The third “law” of memory is association: if you want to remember a fact, you need to associate it with some other one.

System memorization

“Aerobatics” in memorizing material is systematic memorization. If your child simply reads the text (aloud or silently), he will understand it and even remember it in general terms. But he will develop a complete and systematic idea only in the process of active memorization, that is, taking notes of what he read, writing down the main ideas and information, establishing connections between parts of the material being studied and finding out answers to questions that arise. Thus, information is not just remembered, but is well understood and comprehended by the child and remains in the head for a long time in the form of a coherent system.

To easily apply the above strategies, you need practice and the help of parents, who should help children complete this or that task, explaining how best to approach it and what strategy to use. If your child learns to correctly remember new information, he will have at his disposal a powerful tool needed for study, and subsequently for work, which is called “memory”.

Educational games.

As we have already said, only one function does not develop during games. Therefore, at home I suggest you play such games.

1. “Remember the picture” The child is offered any picture from a book that is available at home, he must remember it, the memorization time is 30 - 40 seconds, and then you remove the picture, and the child must remember what is drawn on it. For better recall, you can ask leading questions. Who is in the picture? What color is it...? What was to the right of...? That is, any questions that help you remember the plot of the picture. After some time, you can remind the child, but remember, you and I looked at the picture, what was drawn there, you can’t help me remember. This is how the child gets involved in the game.

2. “Drawing together” A very interesting game for the whole family. You need to take a sheet of paper and draw on it one by one, but so that the others do not see what each of you is drawing. Then the drawing is shown and you need to name what has changed. The teacher conducts the game together with the parents. At first it was easy to remember what had changed in the picture, but the more detail it became, the harder it was to tell the difference.

3. The whole family can play the game “Continue the Sentence.” The first player says a sentence such that it can be supplemented with words and enumerations. FOR EXAMPLE: I saw a fox. The next person must repeat this sentence and add another word to it. I saw a fox and a bear. The third, repeating the sentence, adds one more word. I saw a fox, a bear, a wolf. And so on. The game is played in a circle and continues until the players start making mistakes. Whoever fails to repeat leaves the game until there is only one winner left.

4. “The naughty mouse.” The game is played by 3 or more people. The two sit on chairs opposite each other. One is blindfolded, and the other is given a tambourine. When the second player starts playing, the third person begins to move the mouse over the first child's body. The mouse runs, tumbles, and climbs in accordance with the tempo of the music. The first participant in the game sits calmly, he should not try to catch the mouse with his hands, his task is to concentrate on his sensations and memory. You can use several instruments, to the sounds of which the mouse moves in different ways: it crawls to the accordion, and jumps to the beat of the drum; or to the sound of a tambourine, she walks on the hands, and to the sound of a pipe, she climbs onto the neck, etc. After the game, the child is asked to remember what the mouse did to certain sounds, where it climbed, you also need to talk about his feelings, what he liked, when It was nice and sometimes it wasn't. This will help the child to better understand his feelings and experiences.

5. “Magic figurines.” Children and adults stand one after another, in a circle. The first player draws any geometric figure on the second player’s back with his finger, the second draws the same figure to the next player, and so on until the last one draws a figure to the first player. Then the players take turns saying who drew what. If a mistake occurs, they find out who was not careful. They draw the same figure on his back so that he can feel it. You can simply draw something on each other’s back, and the one who was drawn must guess what was drawn.

6. “Wonderful bag.” The players must feel the object lying in the bag without looking at it, and describe the object without naming it, and the rest must guess what kind of object it is. The child likes it when adults make mistakes, but this should not happen often, as the child will not believe you, and therefore may refuse to play

7. “Fold the picture.” The child is given one whole picture, and another cut into several parts (depending on the child’s skill). It is necessary to assemble the cut picture according to the sample. For this game you can use any pictures you have at home, a postcard, pictures from magazines. If the child has the skill of folding pictures, then a sample may not be given. Pictures can be cut not only vertically and horizontally, but also diagonally and chaotically. But it should be remembered that complication is given gradually. If a child has learned to assemble a picture from 2 parts, cut it into three, then into 4, 6 parts, and so on.

8. “Fix the carpet” Take any color picture and carefully cut out any geometric shapes from it with a knife, cut out the same shapes from another picture. The child needs to repair the rug, that is, close the holes in it so that the rug becomes whole. You tell your child that there are holes in the beautiful carpet. There are several patches near the mat, from which you need to choose only those that will help close the holes.

9. “Pick up and compare.” Cut out geometric shapes of different sizes or strips of different widths and lengths from paper. You can draw geometric shapes on a card. The child is offered from 3 to 6 cards or cut-out figures, with different sizes, which he must arrange in ascending or descending order. The child learns to compare objects by length, width and size.

10. “White sheet”. Take 2 sheets of paper. Draw identical geometric shapes on them. Cut out the shapes from one sheet of paper, and fill them in with a pencil on the second. The child needs to cover the colored shapes drawn on a sheet of paper with white shapes, so that it turns out to be a white sheet..

11. “Unfinished drawings.” Draw objects on a piece of paper so that the drawing is not finished and invite the child to finish it.

12. “Magic pencil”. Draw several identical geometric shapes and invite your child to spell them with a pencil so that they turn into different objects. FOR EXAMPLE: By disenchanting the circles, they can be turned into an apple, sun, flower, teapot, bunny, and so on. Squares - for TV, closet, flag, house.

13. “Numbers on the wall.” For example, you lay out cards with numbers (numbers) in advance or hang them on objects in the room. There are cards with dots on the table. The baby needs to match the cards with dots to cards with numbers as quickly as possible, and to do this he will have to run around the room. How long did it take him? Next time it will be even faster.

14. "Labyrinth". On one side of the sheet (on the left) you draw some symbols or glue pictures, then do the same with the right side of the sheet, then connect them with all sorts of curved lines, and the child must run his finger or multi-colored pencils along the curve to find the desired path.

15. “One plus two... it turns out to be an owl!” Exercises on connecting them sequentially will help you remember the order of letters in the alphabet or numbers in a number series. If the signs are connected correctly, the sheet will produce a complete, recognizable image - for example, a funny animal. Examples of such tasks can always be found in children's magazines and educational notebooks. If your child likes this exercise, you can easily make preparations for him yourself - take the outlines of images from children's coloring books, or any other book, mark the outline on paper with dots, mark the dots with letters or numbers. The child just needs to connect all the signs correctly and color the picture.

16. "Magic Square". Prepare a square consisting of 9 squares, that is, 3 by 3 squares. Cut out small pictures from any labels or boxes that fit into a small square; you can also use numbers or letters. Arrange them in squares and ask the child to remember what is where, then shake them onto the table and ask the child to arrange them in the same way. You can ask what was in which corner. FOR EXAMPLE: In the upper right corner there was a duck, and in the lower left corner there was a fish and so on. The child will remember not only the location, but also the name of the angles, that is, learn to navigate the plane.

And this is only a small part of the games that you can play at home.

In conclusion, I would like to say, do not waste time playing with your children. After all, games help children develop, which means they are not a waste of time. And over time, a child will not learn this on his own, he needs to be developed, especially if he has developmental disorders, and the sooner we start teaching him through play, the better he will do at school.

Memory impairments and their causes

Experts distinguish two main types of disorders:

• quantitative,
• quality.

Quantitative disorders are a weakening of memory, loss of any fragments. With high-quality ones, false memories and fantasies come first, replacing reality.

The causes of memory impairment in children can be:

• mental retardation, often congenital,
• trauma, physical or mental,
• an atmosphere that is not comfortable for the child, where fear displaces everything from the child’s head,
• soreness of the body, including vitamin deficiency.

What is memory

All events, experiences, feelings and emotions that every person feels during his life are necessarily reflected in his personality.
Memory is our amazing and mysterious property. This is remembering, preserving and reproducing past experiences. Why do we remember snippets of songs from distant childhood, but sometimes we forget what we went to the next room for? Why does our brain store telephone numbers or dates that are no longer relevant? One remembers faces better, the other remembers names. What does this depend on?

It's all about what kind of memory we use.

What affects the development of memory in a child

Development of memory in preschool children. In order for a child’s memory to develop, you need to pay attention to the following factors:

Nutrition

The diet should be varied, healthy foods and vitamins should be included in the diet. There must be meat and vegetable products, fish, herbs, and fruits.

Healthy eating: menu for every day

Healthy lifestyle

There must be a daily routine in which you need to devote time to both walks and useful activities. The child should go to bed at a specific time and get up at a specific time. Let the child participate in a sports section or attend a development club.

Development taking into account the age characteristics of the child

Parents must understand that the child must direct his energy in the right direction. However, you should not overtire your preschooler, otherwise you may end up with constant fatigue syndrome. It’s good if developmental classes take place in a kindergarten. It is impossible to overwork a child by enrolling him in several sections and clubs at once.

Exercises for memory development in children: VIDEO

Umnasia memory courses

On our website, your child will be able not only to exercise on a simulator or participate in Olympiads, but also to improve such an important skill as “MEMORY”. The program consists of four courses: 1. “How to learn poetry quickly and well”; 2. “How to remember foreign words, names and faces”; 3. “How to quickly and correctly remember information”; 4. “Practical mnemonics.”

Choose the most interesting one or upgrade all types of memory! (when purchasing a set of 2 or 4 courses you will receive a nice gift)

Memory development in children 6-13 years old

We develop the ability to quickly memorize and retain a large amount of necessary information for a long time

find out more