The theme of the project is “Butterflies” Completed by: Andrey Chernyaev, student of the 3rd grade of Secondary School No. 30 in Yakutsk. - presentation

Species of white butterflies

From time immemorial, butterflies have interested people for their unusual appearance and beautiful coloring. There are many legends and stories associated with butterflies. For example, in a legend from Ancient India, butterflies are souls that have flown to heaven. This is where the custom called “whisper of desire” came from. If you catch a butterfly, then you need to whisper your dream to it. She cannot speak, so she will preserve your desire and take it straight to heaven on her wings.

And according to some sources, it was in the ancient Japanese classics that the tradition of giving live butterflies as a gift for a wedding and releasing them into the sky was first described. Now in Japan, the butterfly is a symbol of love and a talisman of family life.

Butterflies are one of the most beautiful insects on the planet. They belong to the animal kingdom, the phylum Arthropods, the class Insects and the order Lepidoptera. At the moment, Lepidoptera are one of the largest groups of insects. There are about 158,570 species of butterflies in the world. These include moths, moths, and even 147 fossil taxa. (Taxon is a separate group of related organisms that can be assigned a certain taxonomic rank (species, genus, family).

A taxon is, for example, a specific species of bluegrass or a family of grasses.) Scientists suggest that about 100,000 species of butterflies remain unknown to science and the total number of butterfly species can be estimated at approximately 200,000 - 225,000 species. In Kazakhstan, for example, there are about 400 species of these beautiful insects and 12 of them are listed in the Red Book.

However, in this chapter we want to talk about the different types of white butterflies. This topic is very extensive and informative. To describe each species, you need not a research paper, but a whole book. The fact is that in the white butterfly family there are 91 genera and another 1,100 subfamilies and more than 2,000 species (as of 2011).

Have you ever wondered why many white butterflies are called by plant names? Hawthorn, cabbage, turnip, buckthorn, swede. The fact is that the names were given based on the leaves on which the butterfly lays eggs.

For example, let's take the white reptile . From the Latin Pieris rapae , which means "pieridae" - white, and "rapae" - turnip. A small butterfly, the wingspan is only 40-50 mm, the color is white, with a black tip. Males have one spot on each upper wing, while females have two.

The caterpillars are very beautiful, matte green with light sides. A dark yellow line stretches along the back, sometimes interrupted, and a light yellow line on the sides. The caterpillars stay on the upper surface of the leaves and are usually motionless during the day, but in case of danger they rise, showing a bright red spot on the neck and shooting out a stream of caustic liquid.

Another interesting species of whitefish is Gonepteryx rhamni - from the Latin Rhamnus - buckthorn, which is what the caterpillar of this species feeds on, it is also called buckthorn or lemongrass . It is distinguished by a beautiful bright yellow color in males, which is why it got its name. Females are colored greenish-white. They have a red-orange dot in the middle of each wing. Wingspan 52-60 mm. The caterpillar is green in color, slightly lighter on the sides, with a whitish stripe under its feet.

Perhaps the most common type of white butterfly is Pieris brassicae , or cabbage white butterfly, or cabbage butterfly . The wingspan of the male is 49-62 mm, and that of the female is 51-63 mm.

The wings of cabbage birds are white with several black spots and a gray edge to the middle of the upper wing. Females have two additional black spots in the middle on the outside. The caterpillar of this butterfly species is very beautiful. Greenish-yellow with many black spots all over the body and black hairs.

What is the family of whites? What are their features? Do they bring benefit or, on the contrary, harm? Let's figure out what a white butterfly is?

White butterflies are a family of day butterflies with white wings and a pattern of yellow, orange and black spots and fields. The flight is varied in nature, often quite long and strong. Butterflies of the white butterfly family belong to the club lepidoptera. They are widely known for those members of the family whose wings are truly white.

But it would be wrong to think that all whites are white. Tropical species of whitefish have even more varied and bright colors, where many forms become almost black, retaining individual bright spots. The white butterfly family is easily identified by its pollinated white wings with prominent dark veins. Their caterpillars live on various fruit trees, berry bushes, and vegetable crops, eating their leaves. And the name of these butterflies often corresponds to the plants on which butterflies can lay eggs: hawthorn, cabbage, turnip, rutabaga.

European species of this family of butterflies are predominantly white or yellow in color; the male and female of many species differ markedly, which is called dimorphism.

In many regions, white butterflies are the most common butterflies. In the Netherlands, cabbage plants are found in large quantities.

Whitefish eggs are flattened, usually white or yellowish. Caterpillars without hair. As a rule, they stay crowded together and feed together, completely eating the leaves. Before pupation, they encircle themselves with a silk thread, which supports the pupa on the stem. The pupa always matches the color of the plant, be it a leaf, flower or bud. Butterflies feed on flower nectar. Hundreds of males flock to the sandy or muddy banks of rivers, where they drink water with inorganic substances dissolved in it. These are, as a rule, newly emerged butterflies with intact wings. Inorganic substances are necessary for the formation of pheromones that attract females. Some jaundice whites migrate.

project on the theme “The World of Butterflies”

"The desire to know more about those animals

that are interesting to you will allow you to increase

your level of intelligence"

Research hypothesis - Any animal in our world is a mystery.

Butterflies are such beautiful, bright, fragile creatures. Don't you want to know more about them? For example, how many varieties of butterflies are there and why do they have such beautiful names? What is the peculiarity of the structure of butterfly wings? How far can butterflies travel? What transformations occur to them? Are there harmful butterflies? Can a butterfly live at home, what will it eat, where will it sleep? That's why I decided to research the life of butterflies to answer all these questions.

Purpose of the study: to study the characteristics of the life of butterflies, to find answers to the questions posed.

Research objectives:

— expand knowledge about the world around us;

— collect and study information about butterflies from additional sources;

— organize the selection of material with parents;

— observe the behavior and life of butterflies during the summer holidays;

- determine whether all butterflies are beneficial;

Stages of work: Stage 1 I outline goals and objectives: I want to learn more about butterflies, how to care for them, how they sleep; Experimentally, I want to find out if the butterfly lives at home, what it will eat, where it will sleep. Can a butterfly even live at home? 2nd stage I study literature, look for information about butterflies, talk with adults. 3rd stage I conduct an experiment, observe, draw conclusions, prepare materials for a presentation.

The relevance of research:

Butterflies are numerous and very beautiful insects, their role is varied. Observing the life and development of butterflies broadens children's horizons and promotes a caring attitude towards nature. The results of the study can be used in classes on the surrounding world at school.

As a result of studying the material on this topic, it was found that the wonderful world of butterflies is fraught with many unsolved mysteries.

Butterflies bring both harm to humans (caterpillars destroy crops) and many benefits. They are the second most numerous pollinators after bees.

Butterflies cannot be destroyed excessively, as this will lead to an environmental disaster.

To complete this work, I used materials from encyclopedias and Internet sites.

The result of the work was that my classmates became acquainted with my work and enriched them with new knowledge.

Introduction.

You are right. With one airy outline I am so sweet

All my velvet with its living blinking - Only two wings. Don't ask: where did it come from? Where am I in a hurry?

Here I lightly sank onto the flower.

And here I am breathing. How long, without purpose, without effort, do I want to breathe?

Just now, sparkling, I will spread my wings.

And I'll fly away. Afanasy Fet

One warm summer day, when I was walking in my grandmother’s garden, my attention was attracted by butterflies fluttering over a flower. I've heard these insects called "flying flowers." I looked at them more closely, they are really very beautiful. Painted in bright colors, these creatures fluttered from flower to flower, feeding on sweet nectar. I really wanted to catch and hold this beautiful creature in my hands, but I understood that I could harm its fragile wings. It was a butterfly!

And I realized that there is no more delightful decoration created by nature than butterflies. I wondered how many other different butterflies there are in the world that I don’t know about. Having read, together with my mother, a lot of interesting material from encyclopedias and anthologies about beautiful butterflies, I decided to tell you and show you everything that I learned about these amazing insects.

Study of the life of butterflies.

Butterflies are one of the most beautiful living creatures on Earth! They look like flowers that have come to life; the whimsicality and brightness of the color of their wings is truly fabulous. Many fairy tales and legends are written about butterflies, which scientists call rather boringly: Lepidoptera. But their names are beautiful, these are often the names of Greek gods and heroes: Apollo, Psyche, Hector, Icarus. This is how people expressed their admiration for the bright beauty of butterflies.

And the scales are the most important thing in their outfit - the same “pollen” that is so easily erased by the careless touches of the merciless fingers of some butterfly “lovers”...

At the same time, in collections collected more than a hundred years ago, butterflies sparkle with the same freshness of colors.

In the myths of ancient Greece, butterflies were often a symbol of love, and in ancient Greek the butterfly and the soul were called in one word - “psyche”. The peoples of Southeast Asia respect butterflies. Here they believe that seeing a butterfly in your home is lucky, because it symbolizes all the best in a person’s life.

In Japan, the ritual “butterfly dance”, expressing the joy of life, traditionally opens ceremonial processions and holidays.

Among Christians, a butterfly is sometimes depicted sitting on the hand of the infant Christ and symbolizes the rebirth and resurrection of the soul.

Beautiful butterflies have always attracted human attention. But not all of us know what a huge number of different species of butterflies exist, differing in size, shape, and color. And why do some butterflies have brightly colored wings, while others, on the contrary, are very pale and invisible in the environment? Carefree butterflies are constantly threatened by something. These can be various parasites, predators, diseases and simply natural phenomena. Therefore, they have to look for different methods of protection. One of the ways to protect against enemies is the color of the wings. The body and wings of the butterfly are covered with tiny scales. These scales are of different colors, and they, like a colored mosaic, create a pattern. Such patterns can be very beautiful and bright or, on the contrary, pale and unsightly.

Some butterflies are more modest in color. Some, like the oakleaf butterfly, are excellent imitations of leaves.

Thus, butterflies hide from predators by merging with their environment. Many butterflies have bright, eye-catching wing colors, which warn predators that the butterfly has a very unpleasant taste. Some harmless butterflies copy the colors of unpalatable ones so that predators will leave them alone. Sometimes the females of some butterflies of the same species are completely different from each other, because they live in different places and copy the warning coloration of the poisonous butterflies there.

Other butterflies have wings decorated with eye spots and tails. This way they attract the attention of enemies to the wings, distracting them from the most important thing - the head. This bright coloring is intended to confuse a predator, such as a spider, into thinking it is coming from the wrong direction. After further examination of the drawing, it becomes clear that this does not seem to be the animal that they wanted to eat.

The same system works for birds, which, flying over a butterfly, see not an insect, but a frightening image that does not in any way resemble food. For example, from a distance, the swallowtail's eye spots look like a squinting member of the cat family. And a surprise awaits a bird that wants to feast on a day or night Peacock's eye: the butterfly will open its wings and the hunter will see two pairs of scary eyes. We admire the bright beauty of butterflies fluttering over flowers, and do not think about the fact that this variety of colors is just the protection of fragile creatures from numerous enemies.

Butterflies are divided into two large groups: day and night butterflies.

There are a large number of butterflies in the world. Many species are described, however, there are also many undescribed species.

Did you know that some butterflies can travel intercontinentally? Yes, they cover enormous distances, while being well oriented. The Monarch butterfly can fly 1000 kilometers without stopping. The burdock flies from Europe to Africa. There it lays eggs and dies. And the descendants of those who flew to Africa go to Europe next year. White moths, monarchs, and some hawk moths also travel.

During her short life, a female butterfly can lay more than 1,000 eggs.

Butterflies are born to die, giving life to a new generation. Most live only a few days, with the exception of the monarch, which can live up to six months.

In addition to the tropical butterflies that are familiar to us, there are also arctic butterflies. They are inconspicuous in appearance, their wings are not bright, but whitish or almost transparent, as if made of glass.

Butterflies are the best plant pollinators. And some flowers are generally pollinated only by butterflies. Flying from flower to flower, butterflies collect nectar and pollinate plants. If the butterfly wakes up in early spring, when the flowers have not yet opened, it can feast on sweet birch sap.

How does a butterfly work?

The first thing we notice about a butterfly is its bright wings flickering over a path or lawn. Wings can be of different sizes, different colors, but there is something in common between them. Firstly, there are always four of them. Secondly, they are covered with tiny colored scales, like a tiled roof - a large butterfly has up to a million such scales on its wings. For this property, butterflies are called lepidoptera.

The largest moth in the world is Attacusaltas (Brazilian Agripina). Its wingspan is more than 30 cm and it is often mistaken for a bird. And the smallest is 2mm (Acetozea from England). Sitting on the ground or flower, butterflies open their wings, showing their upper, usually brighter side. They need this coloring to see each other from afar, and also to scare away enemies. There is camouflage coloring on the underside of the wings; it helps to hide from these enemies.

Another distinctive feature of butterflies is their soft proboscis. It is always coiled and unrolls when the butterfly eats.

Where do you think the butterfly's taste organs are? After all, she has no language. In the proboscis? But they didn’t guess right. Imagine - on your paws. And this “tongue” of hers is 2000 times more sensitive than that of a person. As soon as the butterfly touches tasty pollen or sweet juice with its paws, it immediately understands what’s what, and its proboscis instantly unfolds. The length of the proboscis, by the way, depends on the depth of the calyx of the flower on which butterflies of a certain species feed. Sometimes the proboscis is very short, and sometimes it is long, up to 35 centimeters, like that of the Madagascar hawk moth.

Do butterflies have a heart? Yes, I have. Only not in the chest, but... in the abdomen. And their blood is not red, but green. It does not contain hemoglobin, and it does not carry oxygen, like in humans, but delivers nutrients, various hormones and enzymes to all insect cells.

The structure of a butterfly.

Like all insects, the body of butterflies is divided into three main sections: head, chest and abdomen. On the outside, it is protected by a hard chitinous covering that forms the exoskeleton. Their head is inactive, their eyes are large, round or oval, surrounded by hairs and occupy a significant part of the head. The antennae are located on the parietal part of the head and are sensory organs that perceive odors and air vibrations. The antennae also help maintain balance when flying.

The butterfly breathes through the thinnest tubes - tracheas, which permeate its entire body. They are connected to the outside world by two openings on the chest and sixteen on the abdomen.

Each type of butterfly has its own smell. Sometimes it is pleasant - some butterflies smell of vanilla, mignonette, strawberries, geranium, and chocolate. Male cabbageweeds smell of red geranium, reptiles smell of mignonette, and rutabagas smell of lemon flowers. Some butterflies retain attractive scents even after they are dissected for collections.

How a butterfly appears.

There are hundreds of species of butterflies, and their diversity is amazing. But the most amazing thing is that the butterflies, as in a real fairy tale, experience a complete transformation! They're not the only "completely metamorphosed insects," as scientists say, but here the difference between a worm-like, voracious caterpillar and a bright, sky-fluttering butterfly is especially striking. The adult butterfly lays a larva. A small caterpillar emerges from it, but does not immediately turn into a butterfly. In order for a caterpillar to turn into a butterfly, it needs to form for a long time. First she turns into a doll. Then it remains in this state for some time, gradually develops and turns into a beautiful butterfly. When a butterfly emerges from its chrysalis, its wings are soft and wrinkled. However, they quickly harden in the sun.

Interesting facts: - The pupa is like a safe that protects the insect's body when it changes its shape. — The babies that hatch from insect eggs are called larvae, although people often simply call them caterpillars. “The caterpillar grows so fast that its skin cracks, and underneath it there is already new skin designed for growth. — The butterfly does not grow, but from time to time it likes to drink sweet flower nectar. This is the fuel that helps it fly.

They need protection.

For a long time, butterflies have been an object of collecting, and people, sometimes far from science, have been and are doing this. People who collect such collections on a whim cannot preserve them at home, because without special treatment they become food for skin beetles and other pests and are destroyed. Currently, more than a hundred species of butterflies in our country are already listed in the Red Book. They were damaged a lot by cheerful children chasing butterflies with gauze nets in their hands. Anyone who is seriously interested in butterflies can, of course, assemble and properly arrange a collection - a necessary and useful teaching aid. But for us non-specialists, it’s better to just admire the butterflies in summer and early spring. Let them fly! Not a single collection with dead insects frozen on pins will bring that living joy that is given by meadow herbs shimmering with colors or a clearing in the forest where bright, wonderful butterflies fly, flutter, and dance in the sunny air. Nature has developed many adaptations for them, reliably protecting them from natural enemies. Butterflies are powerless only against humans. Therefore, I remind you once again: learn to admire and observe. Don't destroy, but protect. This is the important work of man on Earth.

You may ask: aren’t there any harmful butterflies? Of course I have. The ability of insects to reproduce in very large numbers, as if to give an “outbreak” of reproduction in certain years, is dangerous for forests, gardens, and vegetable gardens. In such cases, a special fight is waged against them. Codling moths, pine, Siberian and ringed cocoon moths, lacewings, cutworms, moths and moths that are annoying in houses are a few of the harmful butterflies. Cabbage also causes harm. Its caterpillars are easily pecked by birds and domestic chickens. But in order to successfully fight harmful butterflies, it is necessary to create stable, healthy plant species, observing correct agricultural practices, and keeping your home clean and tidy.

Of course, in the matter of nature conservation we need to start with ourselves. We must understand for ourselves that it is impossible to destroy or kill defenseless creatures unnecessarily, be it a flower or a butterfly, or some other living creature. After all, it has already been proven that every day on Earth some species irretrievably disappears, and we are to blame for this. After all, nature and man are one whole.

Conclusion

So, while working on the topic “The Wonderful World of Butterflies,” I was able to learn a lot about butterflies, get acquainted with literature, and observe the behavior of butterflies during the summer holidays.

While working on the project, I learned a lot about the life of the most beautiful insects - butterflies, felt the beauty of the world around us, expanded my vocabulary, and broadened my horizons.

My observations taught me to be attentive to butterflies and treat them with care. After all, butterflies are part of the nature of our native land. We must do everything to ensure that the butterflies constantly feel our care. Life on planet Earth is impossible without butterflies. So let these magnificent symbols of nature - butterflies - continue to decorate our forests and fields. Let's just admire them. Let them fly!!!

I encourage everyone to protect butterflies on Earth!

11

Development and reproduction of grandmother

Butterflies are insects with the so-called full cycle of transformations.
Between the larval (caterpillar) stage and the adult (butterfly) stage there is an intermediate pupal stage. And the whole development can be represented like this: egg - caterpillar - pupa - butterfly. Most day and night butterflies produce one generation per year, with adult butterflies only found for a few weeks at certain times of the year and then disappearing again until the following year. The offspring left by butterflies overwinter in the egg, caterpillar or pupa stage, depending on the type of butterfly. Some butterflies - buckthorn, day peacock eye and others - overwinter in torpor at the imaginal (adult) stage.

Many butterfly species produce two generations per year. In this case, adult insects appear in late spring and again in summer. Caterpillars that emerge from eggs laid in the spring grow quickly, but caterpillars that emerge in the summer may not develop into butterflies until nine months later. Butterflies that produce one generation per year in the northern regions, in the south can lay eggs two or even three times a year. Butterflies living in the mountains usually produce one generation per year.

Some butterflies living in cold climates manage to complete development in only two years, the same is typical for caterpillars living in wood and on roots. Before they begin to reproduce, butterflies must find a partner of their own species (they have the same color and shape of wings).

Although some species are characterized by sexual dimorphism - differences in color and size (females are larger than males), winglessness of females (in some moths). To prevent butterflies from getting into trouble, nature gave them pheromones (strong-smelling chemicals) produced by the males of daytime butterflies and the females of nocturnal species.

In many species of the temperate zone, eggs laid in autumn are in a state of deep dormancy (diapause) during the winter. The larvae emerging from eggs in the spring are very active and consume a lot of food and oxygen, which ensure their growth and development. To survive, many caterpillars have protective devices that save them from numerous enemies: warning bright colors, thick hairs, camouflage or mimic color and body shape, release of an unpleasant odor, accumulation of toxic substances in the body.

After the caterpillar has gained strength and nutrients for the rest of its life, it pupates. During the pupal stage, continuous changes (metamorphosis) occur. The caterpillar gradually turns into a butterfly, which is no longer concerned about food, but about producing offspring. When the metamorphosis ends, the butterfly comes out of the cocoon, takes care of its wings, spreads and dries them. Having acquired the ability to fly, the butterfly goes in search of a partner so as not to interrupt the cycle.

Project

Project “Butterflies – Beauties! » Junior group “Dwarfs” Compiled by: teacher of the highest category Branchevskaya Zh. V. May 2016 Topic: “Beautiful Butterflies! » Type of project: short-term group research project with a given result and elements of creativity for children 3-4 years old. Project duration: 2 weeks. Project participants: children of the younger group, parents of students, educators, specialized specialists (music director, physical education worker, visual arts teacher). The goal of the project: to determine the significance of the existence of butterflies in the surrounding nature and in human life, through the involvement of each participant in an active cognitive process of a creative nature, in various types of activities. Project objectives: Learn to compare, analyze, establish simple cause-and-effect relationships, and make generalizations. To expand children's knowledge and ideas about the features of the appearance and life manifestations of a butterfly. Trace the life path from egg to butterfly. Enrich vocabulary, develop coherent speech. Develop research skills. And to activate children’s creative abilities by recreating images of butterflies from materials using various techniques; To cultivate a kind and caring attitude towards the natural world, strive to take care of insects and their conservation. Annotation. Fostering a correct attitude towards nature and the ability to carefully handle living beings is of great importance in the preschool period of a child’s life. Systematic work on environmental education should be carried out both in preschool educational institutions and in the family. Adults raising children should introduce them to the mysteries and beauty of nature every day, so that in early childhood a sense of community with it arises in every person. It is important to evoke positive emotions in the child and leave vivid impressions in his soul. Problematization. In the spring, children of the younger group saw a butterfly in the kindergarten area. When the butterfly took off, the children began to laugh and jump for joy. The children had a question: “Where did the butterfly come from? " Planning: Three Question Model What do we know about the butterfly? What do we want to know? What do you need to do to find out? The butterfly flies. Where do butterflies come from? Ask adults. Butterflies are present in the summer. Where is the butterfly's home and what does it eat? Observe. Butterflies are very beautiful. What types of butterflies are there? Look on the Internet. The butterfly lives in the closet. Why can't you catch butterflies? Read in the encyclopedia. A butterfly is an insect. Where do butterflies come from and where do they fly? Read, watch a movie. The butterfly has a trunk, like an elephant. What butterflies live near us? Presentation, read books. Expected result: Children will show a pronounced interest in objects and natural phenomena. Children will confidently distinguish, recognize and name insects and identify butterflies among them. Learn about butterflies as a beauty and wonder of nature. They will have the simplest ideas about some features of their appearance (body shape, number of legs, presence of wings), methods of movement, nutrition, where and how insects hibernate. They will know the butterfly development cycle; find similarities and differences. Learn about the benefits or harm that butterflies bring to people and plants. Learn to write a descriptive story about an insect using a supporting diagram. The children will develop a desire to study natural objects, they will learn to draw conclusions and establish cause-and-effect relationships. They will learn how to make butterflies from materials using various techniques. Children will treat nature with care and strive for correct behavior in relation to the natural world. Children will learn to observe objects of living nature, explain connections and chains in nature. Project implementation. First stage: Preparatory. Setting goals and objectives, determining directions, objects and methods of research, preliminary work with teachers, children and parents, choosing equipment and materials. Studying methodological literature; Creation of a model – collage ecologist – systematic group “Insects”; Selection of musical works; Search work to select illustrative material on the topic “Butterflies”; Preparation of consultations for parents; Development of a musical holiday “Birthday of a Butterfly”; Development of sports leisure “It’s fun in the meadow! " Second stage: Basic Search for answers to the questions posed in different ways. Educational area Contents of work Planned result Result registration form Cooperation with parents Social and communicative development Board games: “Loto”, “Butterflies”, “Insects” Children’s ideas about the world around them Watching cartoons “White Butterfly” (1981), “Luntik” ( series “Gift for a Butterfly”), “Butterfly” (1972), “Butterfly and Tiger” (1978), videos, videos: “Ugly Butterfly” (video mail. ru), “Butterfly crumbs” (video mail. ru ) , “Lessons of living nature: butterfly” Children’s ideas about the world around them Selection of cartoons Cognitive development Without food “Journey to the world of butterflies” Knowledge about butterflies Expansion Notes of conversations Selection of illustrations Observations of butterflies horizons and ecological ideas Diary of observations Notes of observations Speech development Homework for children and parents - compiling a descriptive story about a butterfly with children's drawings Promoting cooperation between children and adults Descriptive story about an insect with children's drawings Help in compiling a story and creating a drawing Reading: Ian Larry “The Extraordinary Adventures of Karik and Valya”; V. G. Bragin. “In the land of dense grasses”; L. B. Stekolnikov “The Extraordinary Swallowtail. Tales of a Butterfly Collector"; O. V. Kuvykina “Letters of Insects”, “Blue Swallowtail: Stories about Butterflies”; V. S. Murzin “Butterflies”; T. Makarova “The Dream of a Little Donkey”; learning poems about butterflies, finger gymnastics “Butterfly”, asking riddles, word creativity (composition by children) Children’s ideas about the world around them Selection of books Artistic and aesthetic development Musical festival “Birthday of a butterfly Education of emotional responsiveness Photographs Participation in the festival as artists Drawing: “ Butterfly - palm." Coloring: “Such different butterflies.” Application: collective work “Butterflies in the meadow”. Diagram: How a butterfly appears “From egg to butterfly.” Modeling: “Butterfly” They know how to use different techniques in their work. Thought processes and fine motor skills of the hands develop. Exhibition Joint creative activity for children and adults Listening to audio recordings of N. Rimsky-Korsakov “Flight of the Bumblebee”, A. Tchaikovsky “Waltz of the Flowers” ​​Introduction to new works. Cultivating emotional responsiveness. Physical development Sports leisure “It’s fun in the meadow! " Consolidating knowledge about the methods of movement of insects Photos Participation in leisure activities Outdoor games “Butterflies and swallows”, “Dragonflies, butterflies, bees, grasshoppers” Consolidating knowledge about the methods of movement of insects Description of games Third stage: Final. Creation of a model - collage of ecological - systematic group “Insects”. Group book with illustrations and children's stories about the butterfly. Sports leisure “It's fun in the meadow! " Musical holiday “Birthday of a butterfly”. Photo report from the holidays. Participation of teachers and children in All-Russian competitions on the topic of the project. Project outcome: The topic was chosen taking into account the age characteristics of young children and the amount of information that can be perceived by them, which will positively affect the activation of cognitive processes and the emotional state of children. Excellent results have been achieved between parents, children and teachers. The knowledge gained is useful for both children and parents. As a result of studying the material on this topic, it was found that the wonderful world of butterflies is fraught with many unsolved mysteries. Nature has developed many adaptations for them, reliably protecting them from natural enemies. Butterflies are powerless only against humans. Therefore, we must learn to admire and observe. Don't destroy, but protect! This is the important work of man on Earth. Literature N. E. Veraksy, T. S. Komarova Approximate general educational program for preschool education “From birth to school”, Moscow, 2014. I. Gurina “How a butterfly appears.” 2009 N, N, Kondratieva “We” Program for environmental education for children. St. Petersburg, 2002. N. A. Kochkina “Project method in preschool education”, Moscow, 2012. Nikolaeva S. N. “Environmental education in kindergarten.” T, D, Nuzhdin “Encyclopedia for kids “Miracle is everywhere. The world of animals and plants”, Yaroslavl, 1998. Ryzhova “Ecological development of children in kindergarten”. T. A. Shorygina “Insects. What are they? ", Moscow, 2001.

Butterfly - benefit or harm?

Like many types of insects, lepidoptera can be both beneficial and harmful. For example, according to the treatises of the ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius, the silkworm caterpillar gave silk to the world. According to legend, Empress Xi-Ling-shi found a cocoon under a mulberry bush, which she mistook for some wondrous fruit. He accidentally fell out of her hands into a cup of tea and became soft from the liquid.

Trying to get it, the empress pulled out a silk thread. In gratitude for this unexpected discovery, the Chinese elevated Xi-Ling-shi to the rank of deity of the Celestial Empire. Silk cocoons are woven by the caterpillars of many species of silkworms and peacock eyes, but the most valuable “silk producer” is the silkworm. This butterfly has been bred in China for thousands of years. For a long time, under penalty of death, it was possible to maintain the secret of obtaining silk, which in other countries was worth its weight in gold.

In addition to the gift of silk, butterflies are also the second most important pollinators of plants, after bees and bumblebees. In the spring, after waking up, adult butterflies need a lot of food. Butterflies feed on the nectar of flowers and carry pollen on their wings, thus pollinating plants.

But butterflies also cause a lot of harm. For example, caterpillars of cabbage butterflies, rutabaga, and buckthorn (Fig. 1-6). These and many other species of white moths cause considerable damage to agriculture.

There are also small butterflies - moths. There are also many species and families of them. There are moths that parasitize on the skin of animals, in grain storage facilities. There are also so-called “fur moths” and “furniture moths”. The larvae of these butterflies feed on what they hatch on and cause a lot of trouble to people.

Project "Butterflies" in the senior group

Publications on the topic:

"Fluttering Flowers, or These Amazing Butterflies." Cognitive and creative project of one day with older preschoolers Project participants: Pupils of a preparatory group of a combined orientation (children with disabilities, teachers, parents. Project idea: Organize.

Integrated drawing lesson in the senior group using non-traditional techniques “Butterflies fly over the meadow” Self-analysis of a lesson in Fine Arts. This lesson is conducted in the senior group. Children have different levels of development, therefore.

Abstract of educational activities on artistic and aesthetic development in the senior group “Amazing Butterflies” using ICT Integration of educational areas: Artistic and aesthetic development, social and communicative development, cognitive development.

Abstract of GCD in the senior group on the topic “Magic Flowers and Butterflies” Goals and objectives: to teach children to use the acquired knowledge and skills in their work; develop imagination, creativity and imagination; be able to see.

Abstract of the GCD in the senior group “The Magical World of the Butterfly” Topic: “The Magical World of the Butterfly” Goal: to form in children elementary ideas about insects - butterflies. Introduce the life cycle of a butterfly.

Summary of a lesson on artistic and aesthetic development with children of the senior group “Butterflies flutter over flowers” ​​Goal: Development of creative abilities and cognitive interests of preschoolers. Objectives: Developmental objectives: To develop children's imagination.

Summary of a lesson on fine arts in non-traditional drawing techniques for the senior group on the topic: “Butterflies” The place of GCD in the study of the topic: the lesson is conducted on the topic “Insects”. As part of the theme, children were introduced to diversity in various activities.

Summary of a lesson on drawing with a non-traditional technique “Multi-colored butterflies” in the senior group Program objectives: • Teach children to draw using a non-traditional technique - monotype, independently choose the color scheme of paints.

Family project “Beautiful Butterflies” Project passport: “Beautiful Butterflies” Type of project: family, short-term. Type of project: informational and creative. Project participants:.

Excursion to the ethnocultural center: to the museum and to the library with the senior group “Butterflies” h3]Excursion to the rural museum Our rural museum is located not far from the Leysan kindergarten. So we decided, despite the cold.

Observation

Under natural conditions, cabbage butterflies lay eggs on cruciferous plants. We found caterpillars in a thicket of horseradish. They put them in a plastic jar, made holes in the lid and threw horseradish leaves on them and began observing.

September 5.

Start of the experiment.

There are three caterpillars of the cabbage butterfly in the container; several twigs and leaves of horseradish were placed on the bottom, sprinkled with water to maintain moisture.

For two days, the caterpillars happily ate horseradish leaves, grew and changed their color. As soon as we brought them in, they were light green in color with black “warts.”

September 7.

Two days later, the caterpillars moulted and became brighter, black hairs appeared all over their bodies and bright yellow stripes on the sides.

10 September.

After another five days, the caterpillars became less mobile and gradually lost their appetite. The stage of preparation for pupation has begun.

11 September.

After another two days, the caterpillars attached themselves, using a silk thread, to the wall of their home, and the pupation process began.

12-th of September.

The pupa is fully formed. The cabbage pupa is greenish-yellow in color with small black spots and a tubercle on the back. Initially, the pupa is motionless. During this period, it produces a protein that is necessary for the proper development of the membrane (cuticle).

As we see in Figure 8, three cabbage butterfly pupae are shown, the pupae on the right has turned black and froze. There are two options - either she died or fell into diapause (hibernation). Most likely, option one. The green pupa in the middle is a living cabbage pupa – a female. A butterfly subsequently hatched from it. The pupa on the left is a male. It moved, but probably failed to hatch and died.

September 26.

Two weeks later, the pupa began to move. In order to notice this, it was necessary to carefully observe this process.

October 3.

Four weeks later, one cabbage butterfly hatched, and by the color of the wings and the color of the pupa, we determined that it was a female. We built an insectarium (home) for her and observed her flight and behavior. Unfortunately, the butterfly died four days later.

Figure 11 shows feeding cabbage. She pulled out her proboscis and drank sugar syrup.

This is what our insectarium looked like.

Kindergarten “Smile” – “Butterflies”

Content

The “Butterflies” group is attended by children aged 3 to 4 and 4 to 5 years old.

Teachers work with students

Natalya Vladimirovna Anisova and

Shukshina Valentina Dmitrievna

assistant teacher: Olga Yuryevna Egorova.

The group has created a calm and favorable environment where children are greeted with love,

and the children, in turn, reciprocate with the teachers.

At this age, children develop new types of activities:

This is a game that is one of the important means of understanding the world around us.

It is complex, internally motivated, but at the same time light and joyful.

activity for the child. It helps keep him in a good mood,

enriching his sensory experience, developing visual and figurative thinking, imagination, speech.

The game promotes the physical development of children, stimulating their physical activity.

The group's teachers skillfully guide the children's activities.

In order for children to feel comfortable, teachers find each child

individual approach.

They believe that children should develop comprehensively, so in their work they use

innovative technologies that help increase children's interest in any activity.

At this age, it is very important for an adult to respect them; their praise is important.

In kindergarten, children learn not only to communicate with each other, but also to negotiate while playing.

and of course, learn poetry, sing, dance, draw, design, and finish what you start.

Book corner Educational games corner

Corner of mathematical and sensory development Cognitive corner Mini laboratory “Pochemuchka”

Role-playing game corners for girls and boys

Solitude corner Art corner

Music corner "Funny notes" Educational table "Young pedestrian" Photo album "We play, we learn, we develop!" VIEW Photo album "Summer walks" VIEW

Photo album "Autumn matinee" WATCH

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Analysis of conducted research

With proper preparation of conditions, the correct temperature and air humidity, a cabbage caterpillar can turn into a butterfly at home. In our case, all the rules for growing a caterpillar into a pupa and a pupa into a butterfly were followed.

To our surprise, only one butterfly was able to hatch, although after the pupation of three caterpillars, two were moving. Most likely, due to late hatching and lack of food, the butterfly did not survive. Also, at some point during the feeding of the adult, the butterfly stuck to the syrup and slightly damaged its wing, this could also be the cause of death. A butterfly cannot exist without wings and flight.

We believe that the goal of the research has been achieved. We managed to grow a butterfly from a caterpillar; we went through the entire stage, observing the complete transformation of this insect. However, we were only able to hatch one butterfly. Three caterpillars were able to pupate, two of them moved, but only one was able to turn into a butterfly.

The research problem—growing conditions—has been solved. We were able to create the conditions for the complete transformation from caterpillar to butterfly. However, we did not have enough skills and knowledge to understand why one of the three pupae was able to turn into a butterfly.