Modern approaches to labor education of preschool children in the light of the Federal State Educational Standard for Education.
| Forms of labor organization | ||
| Order | Duty | Teamwork |
2. Labor education of children in the middle group of kindergarten.
Self-service.
Create conditions for the manifestation of independence, accuracy, and neatness (children should dress and undress with some help from an adult).
Encourage them to eliminate messy clothes with a little help and on their own.
Promote the formation of the habit of washing yourself, washing your hands with soap before eating, when dirty, and after using the toilet.
Develop the ability to correctly hold a spoon and pick up the required amount of food.
Encourage the use of napkins during and after meals.
Household and household work.
Encourage children to independently carry out basic tasks: prepare materials for classes, help set the table for lunch, put away toys and building materials after playing.
To promote the desire to participate in feasible work and the ability to overcome minor difficulties.
Encourage to maintain order and cleanliness in the premises and area of the kindergarten.
Create conditions for the formation of a positive attitude towards the work of adults. To update children’s knowledge about professions that they understand (janitor, assistant teacher, cook), to expand and enrich their understanding of labor actions and the results of labor.
Cultivate respect for people of familiar professions.
Encourage to provide assistance to adults, to cultivate a caring attitude towards the results of their work.
Labor in nature
Encourage children to participate in caring for plants in the corner of nature and on the site: watering indoor plants and plants in beds, planting onions, sowing flower seeds.
To promote the acquisition of basic information about the growing environment of plants and the rules for caring for them.
In the spring, summer and autumn, involve children in all possible work in the garden and flower garden (sowing seeds, watering, collecting seeds, harvesting dry plants in the flower garden); in winter - to clearing paths, raking snow to the roots of trees and sprinkling slippery paths.
Involve children in preparing seeds and feeding wintering birds (with the help of adults).
Education of cultural and hygienic skills
• Gaining an understanding of the need for the habit of washing oneself, washing hands with soap before eating, when dirty, and after using the toilet.
•Help develop the ability to use a comb and handkerchief.
•Train to turn away when coughing and sneezing and cover your mouth and nose with a handkerchief.
•Create conditions for developing the skills of careful eating: take food little by little, chew well, eat silently, use cutlery correctly (spoon, fork), napkin, rinse your mouth after eating.
Goals and objectives
According to the Federal State Educational Standard, the main goal is to form in children a stable positive assessment of the process and result of work. This involves solving during education the tasks that Kutsakova L.V. systematized in her work:
- create prerequisites for work;
- develop respect for the work of others;
- formation and development of the child’s personality.
Realizing the set goal and these tasks, L.V. Kutsakova simultaneously solves didactic and educational problems: fosters humane feelings, develops aesthetic taste, creative activity, and reveals the abilities of children. Children develop a caring and economical attitude towards the world around them.
Collaboration with family
No matter how skillfully an experienced and talented teacher implements all the goals and objectives of the Federal State Educational Standard, no matter how interesting work games he comes up with, the result of raising a child will not be achieved if there is no unity and continuity in the educational process in kindergarten and in the family. At parent meetings, it is important to develop a common system for involving children in work and to convey to parents the importance of working together at home.
The content of joint work activities for parents and children can be varied: preparation of handouts or counting materials, cleanup days and work shifts to improve the territory of the kindergarten, preparation of materials and presentations about the professions of family members, creation of costume elements for holidays, etc. Such common activities for parents and children perfectly implement the didactic and educational tasks of labor education.
An interesting form of encouragement can be exhibitions, photo and video reports about family work matters. Children can prepare role-playing games or stories “How I helped at the dacha”, “How we did something at home”, etc. Such stories can be illustrated with photographs from a family album.
Work in children's educational preschool institutions on ore education is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard. However, teachers independently build in the system and content of educational work, choose the optimal means and methods for achieving the assigned tasks, taking into account the peculiarities of the age of preschoolers, the level of development, and relationships in the children's team. As noted by L.V. Kutsakov, in labor education, didactic, aesthetic and educational tasks are inextricably intertwined. The age characteristics of children make it possible to gradually prepare children for school work, using the means of play, develop physical natural abilities, and introduce them to moral standards.
Main forms of implementation
Children's favorite pastime is games. Therefore, gaming methods are very effective in the formation and development of basic skills in various types of work. The game method makes it possible to unobtrusively organize the activities of preschool children, introduces elements of competition, and turns labor-intensive processes into an exciting activity. The situation of the game, unnoticed by the child, promotes responsibility, independence, a sense of duty, mutual assistance, and perseverance. Didactic work games reveal the personal qualities of children, provide an opportunity to demonstrate leadership inclinations, organizational abilities, and communication skills.
The peculiarities of labor education in preschool institutions help strengthen children’s friendship and cooperation, attract them to a common cause, and teach respect and tolerance towards their comrades.
The features of the game allow you to solve the tasks in a fun and interesting way, to realize the goal of labor development and the formation of young children.
Conducting a lesson on labor activity in a preparatory group
In the preparatory group, the lesson lasts 30 minutes. Lessons in the educational direction “Labor Education” consist of three stages:
- introductory part (children get ready to complete the task using motivational techniques) - up to 5 minutes,
- the main part (actually completing the task, as well as physical education pause) - up to 20 minutes,
- conclusion (evaluation of work by the teacher and children) - up to 5 minutes.
The main part of the lesson is aimed at directly mastering work skills for children
Video: introductory stage of an appliqué lesson on the theme “Spring” in a preparatory group
Table: summary of a lesson on work activity “Professions of our kindergarten” (fragment)
| Author | Degtyareva I.V., teacher of kindergarten No. 30, Rybinsk, Yaroslavl region. |
| Introductory stage | Children enter the group and sit on chairs in a semicircle. V.: Today I went to kindergarten and noticed that everyone was in a hurry. Where do you think people rush in the morning? (Children's answers). Where do most people go? (To work). Why do people go to work? (Children's answers). Guys, tell me, where and what do your parents work for? (Children's answers). Well done, you already know well where and what your parents work for. Guys, how can you call a seller, a cook, an administrator, and a carpenter in one word? What it is? (Profession). Guys, there are a lot of different professions, and people of different professions also work in our kindergarten. Listen to my riddles and guess what profession we are talking about:
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| Main part | <,… V.: Guys, now let’s play the game “Who needs this item?” (On the table there is a ladle, a whistle, notes, a phonendoscope, an iron, a toy rake, brushes and a sheet of paper, a toy mop, a pointer, a hammer) ...>, <,... V.: I suggest you become designers today. Who are the designers? So today we will make and decorate gifts for our teachers and employees. Choose which teacher you would like to give a gift to and take your seats. Guys, look, on your tables there are photographs of the employees to whom you will give gifts. What kind of gift do you think we can give with a photograph? (Photo frame). Let's remember how to make flowers from napkins...>, |
| The final stage | Q: Guys, did you like the crafts made from napkins? What did you like most about the lesson? Was there anything new for you? Tell me, what difficulties did you encounter? (Children's answers). We will keep our gifts and present them at the graduation ceremony. Thanks to all! |
| Quote from: https://pedrazvitie.ru/raboty_doshkolnoe_new/index?n=38717 | |
Table: lesson notes on manual labor (doing crafts) “Fish in an aquarium” (fragment)
| Author | Lebedeva S.A., teacher of MBDOU D/s No. 93 of compensatory type, Nizhny Novgorod. |
| Introductory stage | Children stand near the teacher. Music sounds (sound of water). The teacher asks riddles:
<,… Q.: Who are these riddles about? (About fishes). How are fish divided according to their place of residence? (In water: in the sea - sea, in a river - river, in a lake - lacustrine, in an aquarium - aquarium). The guys from a neighboring kindergarten sent us an aquarium as a gift, and only one fish swims in it. Let's look at it (fins, scales, tail). I suggest you make friends for her so that she doesn't get bored. Take a seat…>, |
| Main part | The children sit at the tables. Opposite each child is a set of materials needed to make fish. V.: We will all work together, collectively. We will do this work from paper, cardboard and natural materials. In front of you are 2 pieces of fish: one is white, and the other is processed with plasticine. Let's start working with the white blank. Let's start making the fish from the upper fin. Take a red rectangle and fold it like an accordion. Using scissors, we cut it obliquely, unfold it, glue it to the fish...>, <,... Physical education...>, <,... V.: We take the second piece, treated with plasticine, and glue it to the bottom one. Glue a decorative eye onto the plasticine. Now let's decorate the fish. We attach pistachio shells or watermelon seeds to the plasticine base, whatever you like. |
| The final stage | V.: Look what beautiful fish you got! Well done. Now let's put our fish in the aquarium. Look how many friends our fish now has! Which fish did you like best? Why? |
| Quote from: https://nsportal.ru/detskiy-sad/konstruirovanie-ruchnoy-trud/2015/08/23/konspekt-nod-po-prikladnomu-tvorchestvu-rybki-v | |
Video: lesson on labor activity “Culinary Academy” in the preparatory group
Labor education in kindergarten is implemented through the systematic introduction to work with children of different types of labor activities. In the preparatory group, children generalize the knowledge, skills and abilities acquired earlier, and also show greater independence not only creatively, but also organizationally (in choosing materials, preparing the necessary materials for creativity) when doing manual labor. All this requires the teacher to competently use methodological techniques to motivate and organize the activities of preschoolers.
