Humane and personal approach to the child
In this case, the center of the educational program should be the totality of the personal qualities of each of the children you teach. The school here has only one specific goal - to awaken the dormant inner strengths and talents of the ward, to use them for the harmonious development of the young personality. The following ideas prevail in this approach:
- The personality is put “at the forefront”. The features of the entire educational process depend on its characteristics. Thus, student-oriented technologies in school imply maximum friendliness of the learning process to the student himself.
- Pedagogical relations with students should be as democratic as possible. Teacher and student are equal partners, not leader and follower.
- Let's say “No” to direct coercion as a method that often does not give a real positive effect in the long term.
- An individual approach is not only welcomed, but is also the main method used in training.
- In addition, personality-oriented technologies (Yakimanskaya in particular) provide for the need to explain to the child the concepts of “personality” and “personal freedom”.
Education concept
In this case, student-centered educational technologies reflect the main trends common in modern schools:
- School should be not only a source of knowledge, but also a means of educating the younger generation. In principle, Soviet teachers knew this very well, but today for some reason this most important function is constantly forgotten.
- As in all previous examples, the main attention must be paid to the student’s personality.
- The orientation of education should be humanistic; adolescents should be instilled with universal ideas of humanism and compassion.
- It is extremely important to develop the creative abilities of every child, without exception.
- In schools of regional centers, it is necessary to pay increased attention to the revival of national traditions and customs of small nations, whose representatives live there.
- Collective education must be combined with an individual approach.
- Goals should be set from simple to complex tasks, adequately assessing the abilities of each individual student.
Brief historical background
A long time ago, that is, in the 17th-18th century, there lived a landowner in Rus'. And he was famous for the fact that each of his serfs lived richly, and was also known as a rare craftsman in some area. The neighbors were jealous and surprised: where did the master get so many smart, talented people?
One day a local idiot came to see him. He was good for nothing: he didn’t really know how to work in the fields, nor was he trained in crafts. Anyone else would have given up on the wretched man, but the landowner did not give up, watching this strange man for a long time. And he noticed that the “fool” could sit for days on end polishing a small piece of glass with his sleeve, bringing it to the state of rock crystal.
Just a year later, the former poor man was considered the best glass washer in all of Moscow, his services were so popular that the former serf, who by that time had long since bought his freedom, compiled a list of those willing almost six months in advance...
Why did we tell all this? The point is that this example is a classic person-oriented technology “in the field.” The landowner knew how to look closely at each individual and identify the person’s talents that were inherent in him initially. In schools and preschool institutions, teachers face exactly the same tasks.
How should the child's personality be considered?
In this teaching, the child’s personality is a priority subject; It is its development that is the main goal of the entire educational system. In general, for a long time this approach has been called anthropocentric. The main thing that a teacher should always remember is that children should experience full respect and support in all their creative endeavors. The teacher and student must work together, jointly achieving the tasks they have set for themselves.
In general, the technology of a person-centered approach includes the concept that the educational process should be as comfortable as possible for the child; it should only give him a feeling of security and a desire to develop his abilities further.
Simply put, the child needs to be given as much independence as possible. Having the opportunity to choose, a teenager develops much better, since he does this not under the influence of external factors, but only thanks to his own desire and desire to learn.
Basic methods of work in kindergarten
What methods and techniques should be used to guide this? Let's list them in more detail:
- Conversations of the “heuristic type”, during which children can verify in practice the correctness of the material being told by the teacher.
- Solving all emerging issues of a problematic nature “on the fly”, without delay. Otherwise, the child may lose interest in studying the topic.
- Constant observation of the surrounding world.
- Modeling processes that constantly occur in living nature.
- Conducting similar experiments.
- All results of experiments and experiments must be recorded in the form of colorful, detailed drawings.
- If possible, you should bring high-quality handouts to classes and include recordings of wildlife sounds.
- The teacher should invite students to imitate these sounds by playing themed games.
- The emphasis in descriptions should be on the development of artistic expression, which allows you to accurately and beautifully express your thoughts without stuttering. This is how correct diction also develops, which will certainly be useful to a person in all subsequent periods of his life.
- Setting up realistic situations that involve solving them using creative methods.
- Various work exercises.
So we looked at what should characterize the correct use of person-centered technologies in modern educational institutions and kindergartens.
Pedagogization of the environment
Historically, it was the school that became perhaps the most important social institution, the importance of which is difficult to overestimate. Along with the family and social environment, it is the most important factor that determines the further development of the individual.
The results of this formation are determined by a combination of all three factors. Here we come to the meaning of this method, which, again, has long been used by experienced domestic teachers. We are talking about the extreme importance of interaction with parents and public organizations, as this will create the most favorable environment for the formation of the child’s personal qualities.
What is it?
This term first appears in the works of psychologist Carl Rogers.
He is the author of the proof of the theory that for successful pedagogical and psychotherapeutic activities, in general, the same approach is necessary. Rogers says that for success in these matters, the ability to empathize with another person, accepting his personality without any additional conditions, is extremely important. In domestic pedagogical circles, the term “personally-oriented technologies” is considered as one of the methods of interaction in which the teacher ensures the most harmonious development of the child’s personality and his abilities based only on those qualities that are characteristic of a particular individual.
Didactic activating and developmental complex
The main question: what and how to teach students?
In this case, the content of the curriculum itself is only a means for the dynamic and harmonious development of the student’s personality, and not as the sole goal of the school. Positive stimulation of students is widely used. It is necessary to introduce teaching methods that directly stimulate children to learn something new. Improving the educational process should be carried out on the basis of didactic ideas, which are described in the works of R. Steiner, V. F. Shatalov, S. N. Lysenkova, P. M. Erdniev, and other specialists, who today are generally recognized “meters” of didactic method.
