Article “Health-saving activities in a preschool educational institution”
“Health-saving activities in a preschool educational institution” (article)
Prepared by: teacher 1st quarter. categories
Koinova Yulia Nikolaevna
MDOU "D/s No. 11 o. V." Magnitogorsk
The concept of health is inseparable from a person, therefore the problem of health is a human problem.
Forming a healthy lifestyle in a child based on health-saving technologies should become a priority in the activities of every educational institution, especially for preschool children. In this regard, it is necessary to improve the education system at this stage, intensify the activities of children to protect their personal health, and implement an individually differentiated approach to teaching the fundamentals of a healthy lifestyle, as well as to the education and development of the child in preschool and family settings. Health is a complex concept and it depends on the socio-economic status of children, the environmental situation in their places of residence, the quality of food, medical care, the preventive work of doctors and teachers with children, and the system of health-improving measures. As you know, the World Health Organization (WHO) defines health “as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
With the development of progress in the educational sphere, the load on the body increases dramatically and becomes comparable to the most important natural resources of the human environment. Lack of human health brings the death of civilization as a whole. In this plane there are: the organization of the educational process on the part of teachers and educators, and the participation of children in it, and the management of these areas of human activity.
Self-regulation mechanisms begin to function at the limiting values of people's health potential. There is a risk of deterioration in health. Moreover, in the practice of participation in the educational process, trends in the deterioration of the health of an ever-increasing number of participants in these relationships are clearly intensifying. There is an urgent need for targeted intervention in the field of education so that the tendencies to preserve the health of the participating subjects find new directions of development, without worsening the level of their education, professional qualifications (teachers) and the opportunity to take part in the process of obtaining education (students).
The main goal of health-preserving educational activities of teachers is psychological and pedagogical provision of the possibility of maintaining health, especially mental health, during the period of stay in a preschool educational institution, acquiring the necessary knowledge, developing skills in a healthy lifestyle, and using the acquired knowledge in everyday life [3]. Teaching how to take care of your health and lead a healthy lifestyle is the task of not only educational institutions, but also parents. This can be expressed through direct teaching of children the basic techniques of a healthy lifestyle (preventive methods of wellness, finger exercises, breathing exercises, self-massage, etc.); instilling in children basic hygiene skills (washing hands, using a handkerchief when sneezing and coughing, etc.); through health-development technologies used in the process of learning and development using physical education and outdoor games; ventilation and wet cleaning of premises; aromatherapy, vitamin therapy; functional music; alternating activities with high and low activity; through specially organized physical activity of the child (health-improving physical education classes, outdoor games); in the process of rehabilitation measures (herbal medicine, inhalation, physical therapy); mass recreational events (themed health holidays, going out into nature); and also in working with families and teaching staff [1]. It is very important during preschool childhood not to waste time while the child is growing and developing most intensively; each educator needs to competently formulate the main tasks of preserving the health of children in the educational process of a preschool educational institution: create conditions for strengthening and preserving the health of children; to form ideas among preschoolers about their body and organism; and also about what is useful and what is harmful for a growing organism; teach children safety rules when performing various activities; -understand the need and role of physical activity. To achieve health-saving goals in preschool educational institutions, it is necessary to actively use the main means of training and education: motor-oriented means; healing powers of nature; hygiene products because their comprehensive use will allow for the high-quality implementation of health-saving approaches to the educational process in preschool educational institutions. Motor-oriented means include motor actions aimed at implementing health-saving approaches: movement; physical exercise; physical education minutes; emotional releases and “moments of peace”; gymnastics (health-improving gymnastics, finger exercises, corrective exercises, breathing exercises, for the prevention of colds, for vigor); physiotherapy; outdoor games; specially organized physical activity of the child (health-improving physical education classes, timely development of the basics of motor skills); massage; self-massage; psycho-gymnastics, trainings, etc. [3]. The use of the healing powers of nature has a significant impact on achieving the goals of health-saving technologies. Carrying out games and activities in the fresh air helps to activate biological processes, increase the overall performance of the body, and slow down the process of fatigue. Relatively independent means of healing include sun and air baths, water procedures, herbal medicine, aromatherapy, inhalation, vitamin therapy (vitaminization of the diet, iodization of drinking water, use of the amino acid glycine twice a year in December and spring in order to strengthen the memory of preschoolers). It is possible to introduce new elements into the life of preschool educational institutions: herbal bars, a physiotherapy room, wellness treatments for teachers and children. Hygienic means of achieving the goals of health-saving technologies that promote health and stimulate the development of adaptive properties of the body include: compliance with sanitary and hygienic requirements regulated by SanPiNs; personal and public hygiene (cleanliness of the body, cleanliness of places of activity, air, etc.); ventilation and wet cleaning of premises; compliance with the general daily routine, physical activity, diet and sleep patterns; instilling in children basic hand washing skills, using a handkerchief when sneezing and coughing, etc.; teaching children basic healthy lifestyle techniques (HLS), basic first aid skills for cuts, abrasions, burns, bites; organizing the procedure for vaccinations to prevent infections; limiting the maximum level of physical and intellectual activity to avoid overwork. One of the main requirements for the use of the above tools is their systematic and comprehensive use in the form of classes using preventive techniques; using functional music; audio accompaniment of classes, alternating classes with high and low physical activity; in the form of rehabilitation measures; through mass recreational events, sports and recreational holidays, themed health days; going out into nature, excursions, through health-developing technologies of the learning and development process in working with families in order to promote a healthy lifestyle in the system of organizational, theoretical and practical classes in parent lectures, in working with the teaching staff as training of the teaching staff in an innovative educational institution. Thus, to preserve the health of preschool children in the educational process, it is necessary to implement the principles, forms and methods of health-preserving training and education.
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Bibliography:
1. Alyamovskaya V.G. 1993. How to raise a healthy child? — M.: Enlightenment.
2. Wenger A.L. 2004. Psychological counseling and diagnostics: A practical guide: Parts 1, 2. - M.: Genesis.
3. Kudryavtsev V.T. 1998. Program for the development of physical activity and health-improving work with children 4 - 7 years old. — M.: RINO.
Health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions according to the Federal State Educational Standard
Author: Dushkevich Alesya Viktorovna
“Health-saving
technologies in preschool educational institutions according to the Federal State Educational Standard”
“Caring for health is the most important work of a teacher”
.
V.A. Sumomlinsky
Their spiritual life, mental development, strength of knowledge, and self-confidence depend on the health and cheerfulness of children. And we, as teachers, are interested in preserving the health of children and this directly and greatly affects us. Therefore, an urgent task of physical education in preschool education is to find effective means of improving and developing the motor sphere of children based on the formation of their need for movement. In addition, federal state requirements for the structure of the basic general education program of preschool education define as one of the most important tasks the protection and promotion of the health of students through the integration of educational areas, the creation of conditions for a safe educational environment, and the implementation of a complex of psychological, pedagogical, preventive and health-improving work. In accordance with this, the need to find effective means and methods for the physical development and improvement of children is of particular relevance.
From the point of view of the largest Russian scientists T. I. Osokina, D. V. Khukhlaeva, who laid down the scientific basis for the implementation of physical education of preschool children, the means and methods of physical education should be aimed at raising healthy children with a good level of movement development. However, the physical education of preschoolers is still dominated by academic —
a disciplinary approach in which attention is focused not on the child’s personality, but on the formation of his motor skills, which often turns into an end in itself.
At the same time, I. S. Yakimanskaya ,
the author of personality-oriented education, proposes to form the subjective position of a preschooler through the interaction and cooperation of the child with adults and peers, in which children develop an interest in movements, independence and creativity.
The ideas of these teachers, from my point of view, can be considered basic and therefore there is reason to consider as the basis of physical education and health work the possibility of an active, systematic influence on the physical development and improvement of the child through the use of health-saving technologies. In the psychological and pedagogical literature, the concept of “health-saving technology” is revealed as a system of measures that includes the interrelation and interaction of all factors of the educational environment aimed at preserving the health of the child at all stages of his learning and development. When applied to a child, health-saving technologies make it possible to ensure a high level of real health of pupils, the ability of preschoolers to express themselves to the maximum and develop in various types of children's activities. Analysis of health-saving technologies allows us to identify the following types of technologies in preschool education: medical —
preventive, physical education and health, technologies for ensuring socio-psychological well-being, technologies for health conservation and health enrichment for teachers, technologies for valeological education of parents.
I consider the most acceptable in my work to be the use of physical education and health technologies, which involve the use of forms and methods of organizing the physical education and health process without compromising the health of children. Therefore, the topic of the experiment that is presented to your attention is “Physical education and health technologies as a means of physical development and health improvement for preschool children.”
The purpose of my work:
ensuring the harmonious physical development of children, maintaining and strengthening their health through physical education and health technologies.
Tasks :
- develop physical qualities, enrich the motor experience of preschoolers;
- to promote health education for teachers and valeology education for parents;
- provide a subject-development environment taking into account the health-saving model.
To solve these problems, a health-saving model for organizing physical education work in kindergarten has been developed, in which the following components are highlighted: organization of a health-saving environment, medical and pedagogical diagnostics, preventive measures, entertaining physical activity, education of teachers and parents.
Medical and pedagogical diagnostics.
The basis for the implementation of the health-saving model is the results of
medical and pedagogical diagnostics,
which showed that the health index is 13%, the morbidity rate is 17.7 days per year per child, the number of children belonging to preventive groups is 6%, the number of frequently ill children is 10%, level of development of physical qualities – 77%.
Organization of a health-preserving environment.
It is known that a child is not able to perform even the most useful exercises from the point of view of “necessary” and “useful”. Agree with me, if a sports complex or non-traditional equipment appears in a group, in a gym, on a sports ground, this will become the busiest and favorite place for children to play. Therefore, I strive to diversify and enrich the subject-developmental environment of the kindergarten. For this purpose, I have manufactured and used the following non-traditional equipment:
- “Health track” with different tracks, ribbed sticks, flowers for the prevention of flat feet;
- "Centipede" —
multifunctional equipment for exercises in jumping, with a ball, for the development of hand motor skills and balance, and the prevention of flat feet.
In addition, functional recreational areas are designed on the territory of the kindergarten, taking into account the children’s need for physical activity. Cartoon characters Krosh and Nyusha “invite” children to exercise on the health islands, and at the “Fairytale Glade” you can relax after physical education, relax, breathe fresh air, play with Baba Yaga and the forester Florik, and play relaxation games.
Preventive actions.
Medical and pedagogical diagnostics allows you to plan physical education and health activities taking into account the health status of children.
Therefore, I use preventive measures, which include working with children who have different preventive health groups (a group of frequently ill children, a preventive group with a risk of developing diseases of the upper respiratory tract, musculoskeletal system, and with a risk of developing pathology of the central nervous system).
Working with frequently ill children involves an individual approach when conducting physical education classes (namely, physical stress on the child is reduced, hardening procedures are carried out within two weeks after illness). I also carry out health work with children as part of the “Beautiful Posture” club. I carry out classical health techniques in a playful way (this is relaxation, playful breathing and finger exercises, playful self-massage, eye gymnastics), I use cyclic movements to increase endurance (slow running, long walking, acceleration running), exercises aimed at preventing flat feet, formation of correct posture and sensorimotor coordination. Children happily perform the “Building a House” hand massage, the “Bug on the Back” exercise, the “Walk in the Forest” back massage, and the “Bainki” exercise.
I pay special attention to hardening procedures. Lightweight clothing, air and sunbathing, barefoot walking, morning exercises and recreational running in the fresh air effectively harden children. When hardening preschool children, I set myself the following tasks: to increase the body’s resistance in the fight against diseases, to cultivate the need for fresh air, to make the body of each child resilient, flexible, and hardy. The main thing in the system of my work is to help children demonstrate their own potential, so that, growing up, each of them realizes their individuality, is ready to lead a healthy lifestyle, and values their health and the health of others.
Entertaining motor activity.
The main form of work with children is entertaining motor activity, built taking into account the complex thematic principle of constructing the educational process. I try to ensure that all exercises are performed against the backdrop of positive responses from the child, giving him not only muscular, but also emotional joy. At the same time, I use different types of entertaining motor activities: traditional, plot-based, corrective, and gaming. I gradually came to the conclusion that the use of non-traditional forms of organizing physical exercises significantly revives children’s interest in performing physical exercises and contributes to the accumulation and enrichment of motor experience. Unlike classes conducted in a traditional form, in a plot-based lesson, all means of physical education are subordinated to a specific plot. For example, when conducting the “Cat with Kittens” story lesson, kids live the day like a cat, hide balls, crawl under branches, catch a butterfly, play with their mother cat and sing a song to her. In the process of entertaining motor activity “The task of the forester Kuzya”, children of the older group receive a letter in which Kuzya invites the children to complete tasks using map diagrams. Children happily perform various tasks: reaching for the sun, warming their feet, stepping over fallen trees. As a gift, Kuzya gives a magical “Centipede” and teaches preschool children to play with it.
The plot-based form of organizing classes using non-traditional equipment helps to develop children's interest in physical activity, giving them joy and pleasure. Systematically conducted health-improving and corrective exercises help strengthen the body, prevent deviations in physical development, and develop the ability to take care of one’s health. They are interesting to children and provide a high pedagogical effect.
In the process of work, I came to the conclusion that it is important for children, first of all, to accumulate impressions, personal experience, as well as to improvise and show creative abilities. Therefore, I try to direct all my efforts to maintaining the child’s faith in his own abilities, so that he does not get lost when performing a complex exercise, so that he does not develop complexes.
All this is helped by the integration of educational fields. For example, the use of health-saving technologies, air conditioning, playful breathing exercises, and self-massage provide for the integration of the educational fields of “Physical Education” and “Health.” Integration with the educational area “Safety” is solved through the formation of safe behavior skills in outdoor and sports games, when using sports equipment. Activating children's thinking, mastering new material, consolidating knowledge about the world around them through outdoor games and exercises involves integration with the area of “Cognition”.
In order to develop the imagination to master motor standards in a creative form, works of art and musical and rhythmic activities are used, which involves the integration of the field of “Physical Education” with the educational fields of “Reading Fiction” and “Music”. Integration with the area of “Socialization” occurs through interaction and assistance to each other during relay races, evaluating the results of games and competitions, where primary ideas about oneself and one’s own capabilities are formed. In the process of entertaining physical activity, free communication with adults and children develops through pronouncing actions and naming exercises, encouraging speech activity, which indicates integration with the educational field of “Communication”. When children master the skills of caring for physical education equipment, the problem of accumulating motor experience within the framework of the “Labor” area is solved.
In the process of entertaining physical activity in the air, we play outdoor games and games on the asphalt with the children, perform various tasks on the sports ground simulators, and in winter we go skiing with the children. This enhances the healing effect of physical exercise, increases motor activity, and makes it possible to use movements that are difficult or impossible to perform indoors. Constantly changing meteorological conditions (temperature, humidity, wind)
in combination with physical exercises have a complex hardening effect on the body of preschool children. High physical activity of children in the air enhances the functioning of the heart and lungs, provides increased oxygen delivery to organs, stimulates and improves the activity of the central nervous system.
At the stage of completing and improving the acquired knowledge, motor skills and abilities, to summarize, I use conversations on the questions: “What is the name of this exercise?”, “For what purpose are we performing the “Clock” exercise?, “What eye exercises do you know?” . Children receive a feeling of satisfaction from movements and an emotional charge from their achievements during leisure sports and health days, which are an effective means of developing the need for physical education and improving the health of the child’s body. The most interesting sports activities for children were “Visiting Krosh and Nyusha”, regional Olympic games “Sport is strength and health”, “Heroic competitions”.
Education of teachers and parents.
In fact, children’s active recreation will be more interesting and memorable when each child feels the caring shoulder of a parent next to them. It has become a good tradition to hold an Open Day, at which I annually conduct a health-improving lesson, “Travels to the Land of Health.” As part of educational work with parents on preserving and strengthening the health of preschoolers, I design the “Droplet” information stand, memos and booklets, conduct surveys, and provide consultations on various issues. Parents find the most interesting information such as “Games for health”, “Toughening up at home and in the garden”, “Flat feet are a fixable matter”.
The content of work with teachers includes individual and group consultations and workshops. In order to increase the level of competence of teachers in the field of physical education and health work, I study advanced pedagogical experience on issues of preschoolers’ health and introduce it to educators, and actively participate in the work of the district methodological association in the physical direction of children’s development. As part of this work, I conducted a consultation on “Health-improving and educational games for preschoolers” and a methodological lesson on “Types of integration of educational areas “Physical Education” and “Health”.
The foundation of health is laid from childhood. And first impressions are always stronger, they always leave an indelible mark on our memory. Therefore, there is reason to hope that the use of physical education and health technologies already in preschool age helps to prolong children’s interest in physical education and health throughout their lives. This is also evidenced by medical and pedagogical diagnostics, which indicate that the children’s health index increased by 2%, the morbidity rate decreased by 2.9 days, the level of development of physical qualities and basic movements increased
Thus, it can be stated that the use of physical education and health technologies in work helps to improve the health of preschool children, increase their level of physical fitness, and develop physical qualities: muscle strength, agility, endurance, flexibility. The work being carried out allows us to enrich the level of knowledge of teachers and parents about the physical development and health improvement of preschoolers. In the process of implementing the model, a large number of non-traditional equipment was created, which children and adults use with interest.
We believe that the health-saving model developed in kindergarten allows us to qualitatively solve the goal of ensuring the harmonious physical development of children, preserving and strengthening their health through physical education and health technologies. The effectiveness of work on health conservation is confirmed by the received certificates and diplomas (for example, the health project “Take care of your health from a young age” took 1st place in the district, 3rd place in the district).
In the future, it is planned to organize the Olympic movement, develop regulations, draw up a card index “Olympic sports”, and develop individual educational routes for children with disabilities.
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Forms of organizing health-saving work
Rozeta Shogenova
Forms of organizing health-saving work
“Taking care of health is the most important job of a teacher. Their spiritual life, worldview, mental development, strength of knowledge, and self-confidence depend on the cheerfulness and vigor of children.”
V. A. Sukhomlinsky
The main goal of modern educational policy in the field of preschool education is to realize the right of every child to high-quality and accessible education, providing equal standard conditions for the full physical and mental development of children as the basis for their successful learning at school.
In this regard, a lot of work is being done in preschool educational institutions to improve the health of children.
Currently, one of the main tasks facing our preschool institution is to preserve the health of children in the process of education and training.
The formation of a healthy lifestyle should begin in kindergarten. The goal of health work in preschools is to create sustainable motivation and the need to preserve one’s own health and the health of others.
There are various forms and types of activities aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of pupils. The complex of these measures has now received the general name “health-saving technologies” - this is a system of measures that includes the interrelation and interaction of all factors of the educational environment aimed at preserving the health of the child at all stages of his learning and development.
In my work with children, I use the following health-saving technologies for preserving and promoting health: dynamic pauses - in all classes; outdoor games; relaxation; finger gymnastics; gymnastics for the eyes; breathing exercises, fairy tale therapy, acupressure self-massage, as well as technologies for teaching a healthy lifestyle: classes from the “Health” series - once a month.
Physical education classes are held 3 times a week. They are aimed at teaching motor skills and abilities. Regular physical exercise strengthens the body and improves immunity.
I try to structure physical education classes in a playful way, which increases interest in the classes.
I would like to share my experience of conducting morning exercises of a playful nature. Gymnastics will be much more effective if it is accompanied by music that affects children’s emotions, puts them in a good mood and the children really enjoy it. In the complexes I include breathing exercises, eye exercises, finger exercises, etc.
dynamic breaks during classes for 2-5 minutes as the children get tired. In dynamic pauses, I include elements of eye gymnastics, breathing exercises, and finger exercises, depending on the type of activity using music. Children enjoy doing these exercises.
Being on the move, especially for preschool children, is an urgent need due to age-related anatomical features. This desire of children to move is best used in outdoor games, regulating the load on the body.
Active games have a beneficial effect on the child’s entire body, not only strengthening and developing the motor system, but also influencing the formation of the child’s personality, contributing to his mental development.
Therefore, I use outdoor games both in mathematics classes: and in educational classes, where, for example, we go on trips on a train set to music, etc.
A mandatory health-improving aspect of work is a walk. Optimizing the motor activity of children during a walk is facilitated by correctly selected and competently alternated games and exercises, which give children a lot of joyful emotions and develop their dexterity, endurance, and coordination of movements. During the walk, outdoor and sports games and relay races are held, which are selected in accordance with the age of the child, the place and time of the walk.
All children love finger gymnastics.
I often include it in dynamic breaks during art classes, appliqué, and manual labor. It is very good to use finger exercises in mathematics and cognitive development classes. , has a positive effect on well-being and improves brain function. In this direction, I use a lot of audio recordings with music and tasks, and I also use ICT.
The purpose of breathing exercises is to teach children to breathe through their nose and prepare them for more complex breathing exercises. At the same time, respiratory tract diseases are prevented. Our group has a file of breathing exercises.
Gymnastics for the eyes – strengthens the eye muscles and helps prevent myopia. I use elements of eye gymnastics during dynamic pauses during art and appliqué classes.
Children's mental health requires a balance of positive and negative emotions to maintain mental balance and life-affirming behavior. To this end, in my work I use exercises to relax certain parts of the body and the whole organism. Calm classical music and sounds of nature are used for work. Children really like doing such exercises, because they have an element of play. Also, children relax very well when they sleep with this kind of music.
Invigorating gymnastics is carried out daily after a nap for 5-10 minutes. Its complex includes exercises on beds for awakening, exercises for correcting flat feet, for which we use a healing path that we made ourselves.
Self-massage is a very effective health-preserving technology. It improves blood circulation, helps normalize the functioning of internal organs, and improve posture. It contributes not only to the physical strengthening of a person, but also to the improvement of his psyche. We conduct self-massage in a playful way in the form of a five-minute lesson or in the form of a dynamic pause during classes. Funny poems, vivid images depicting massage movements, their simplicity, accessibility, and the ability to use in various settings make it accessible and interesting for a child.
Fairytale therapy – used for psychotherapeutic and developmental work. The story can be told by an adult, or it can be a group story. We not only read fairy tales, but also discuss them with children. Through a fairy tale, you can learn about children’s experiences that they themselves are not really aware of, or are embarrassed to discuss with adults. For this, we also use audio recordings where the brownie tells fairy tales.
Once a month we conduct classes from the “health” series.
For example, “Parts of the body,” “Cleanliness is the key to health,” etc.
We have a card index
on all health-saving technologies.
We can say with confidence that not a single, even the best physical education and health program can give full results if it is not implemented in collaboration with the family.
At the beginning of the year, we conducted a survey on the topic “Is your child healthy?”
Based on the results of the survey, we developed a long-term plan for working with parents to improve the health of children using modern health-saving technologies.
In the process of organizing a single health-preserving space for kindergartens and families, we use various forms of work: open classes with children for parents; pedagogical conversations at parent meetings; consultations; Open days; survey. We also have a special health corner in our group, where we advise parents on children’s health issues.
We involve parents in preparing and holding sports events and entertainment. We recently held an ICT-based sports activity where dads took an active part.
In March we are planning to hold a workshop for parents on the topic: “If you want to be healthy...” using ICT.
The use of health-saving pedagogical technologies in the work of preschool educational institutions will increase the effectiveness of the teaching and educational process and will form value orientations among teachers and parents aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of students.
