Psychologists have long proven that drawing has a beneficial effect on the child, the development of his speech, imagination, fine motor skills and coordination of movements. And parents who, for one reason or another, had to contact a child psychologist with their baby, probably know that at the beginning of the appointment, the specialist asks the child to draw a picture - of his family, friends or beloved pet. Experts have found that with the help of drawing, the toddler best understands the world around him.
The benefits of drawing for child development
Drawing for children 5-6 years old not only brings pleasure, but is also an excellent way to improve creative and intellectual skills. Children in preschool age think figuratively, so creating new images and regular drawing classes contribute to their better development.
Drawing lesson in kindergarten
During creative activity, the child experiences the following changes:
- development of creativity;
- the ability to create many new images and change details at your discretion;
- the ability to associate one's works with objects, people or animals.
Note! Playing associations in the process of creating a picture helps to train imagination, mind, thinking, and also represents a replacement for the most modern methods of child development.
Teaching drawing to a 4-5 year old child
Drawing lessons for children 4-5 years old are aimed at teaching artistic and creative activities. All materials that are selected in advance by the teacher must be available to preschool children. They must understand the essence of the topic in order to correctly depict a certain subject on paper.
How to teach drawing to a preschooler aged 4 to 5 years
Many people often wonder how to teach a child to draw at 5 years old. The family plays an important role in this process. Before taking your child to kindergarten, you need to create a favorable atmosphere at home, for example, invite your child to play with markers and pencils. It is advisable to depict several patterns together.
Important! If simple drawing lessons for a 4-year-old child are interesting, then you can start doing complex details, for example, correctly making lines, contours, strokes.
The benefits of drawing for child development
The benefits of drawing for children are scientifically proven:
- artistic activities develop fine motor skills, which stimulates areas of the brain responsible for thinking, speech, visual and motor memory, and coordination. During drawing, both hemispheres of the brain are involved, interhemispheric connections actively arise;
- the child develops spatial intelligence, as well as imagination;
- through drawing, the child expresses himself, projects his psychological state on paper;
- Painting for children is considered a calming activity. It is especially useful to draw for children prone to whims, depression, and neuroses;
- systematic painting lessons teach the child to structure time, develop perseverance, and form discipline;
- Through painting, children learn to creatively comprehend the world around them and understand that each person has his own perception of reality, sees objects or phenomena in his own way.
What benefits does artistic activity bring to a preschooler?
How to get your child interested in drawing
If a preschooler has even the slightest craving for drawing, parents should think about developing his abilities. To prevent your child from losing interest in creativity, you can enroll him in an art club, studio, or resort to individual training with a private teacher.
It is strictly not recommended to enroll a child in a specialized institution against his will. The toddler must attend classes with pleasure, otherwise it will not bring any results.
Should I send my child to a drawing class?
Today, many parents send their children to specialized clubs. Here the children feel good, as they not only learn artistic activities, but also communicate with their peers. Before you take your child to classes, you need to make sure that he is really interested in this type of art.
Should a child attend a club?
Note! Do not forget that preferences in preschool age are unstable, so today the little one wants to study at an art school, but tomorrow he doesn’t.
Image techniques
Popular methods and techniques of depiction are represented by the use of nature, reproductions of paintings, a sample or any other visual aid. A nature is an object or phenomenon that a child must draw in the process of direct observation. At early preschool age, children can already perceive an object in the totality of its qualities.
But it is worth noting that depicting an object using a template or from life requires the ability to analyze the relationship of individual elements and their location in space.
Organization of a nature corner in kindergartens according to the Federal State Educational Standard
Class notes
Theme of the week: “I take one berry”
Lesson 1. Branch with berries (Drawing with colored pencils)
Program content.
Continue to introduce children to the variety of berries. Learn to copy from a picture, correctly convey the shape of the leaves, location and color of the berries. Strengthen the ability to fill out a sheet compositionally.
Demonstration material.
Subject pictures with drawn branches or bushes with berries (red currants, black currants, gooseberries, raspberries, strawberries, wild strawberries, etc.).
Handout.
Halves of album sheets, simple and colored pencils.
Workspace organization
In order for a preschooler to be able to draw at home, he needs to prepare a workplace. The child must see the entire image, so to draw, you should take an easel or draw on the floor. Special attention should be paid to lighting, since the light should fall from the opposite side from the hand with which the baby is drawing.
An example of organizing a workplace for children
As for working materials, the water should be on the right (if the baby is left-handed, then on the left), the paints should be above the drawing or near the water, and the palette for mixing colors should be in the hands. If the palette stands near the paints, then during the work you can accidentally drip onto the painting, ruining it.
Where to start when teaching a child to draw
Drawing with children 5-6 years old is not only the process of creating an image with paints or colored pencils. A young creator may prefer other techniques, so parents should first buy their child felt-tip pens, gouache or watercolors and crayons.
Techniques for developing drawing skills
It is not at all necessary to apply paint to paper with a brush, because for this you can use foam sponges, cotton swabs or threads. Each technique is capable of developing certain skills in a preschooler: some will be better, and some will be worse.
Important! Parents must remember that constant criticism can discourage children from creating. Because of failures, the little one is often upset and disappointed, so he should be supported.
Interesting drawing ideas
In the process of creating a picture, you can invite children to draw a fictional planet with its nature and fantastic animals, after which it will be interesting to name it. Another unconventional drawing idea for 5-year-olds is to create a still life or autumn landscape using feathers, which you dip in paint and make fancy designs on a sketchbook sheet. The result should be interesting and original work.
Text of the book “Drawing with children 4-5 years old. Class notes"
Daria Nikolaevna Koldina Drawing with children 4–5 years old. Class notes
From the author
Visual activity (drawing, modeling and applique) is one of the most important means of understanding the world and developing aesthetic perception, associated with the independent practical and creative activity of the child.
Teaching visual arts in preschool age involves solving two main tasks:
• awaken in children positive emotional responsiveness to the world around them, to their native nature, to life events;
• to develop children's visual skills and abilities.
In the process of visual activity, preschoolers improve their powers of observation, aesthetic perception and emotions, artistic taste, and creative abilities.
It is also advisable to introduce preschoolers to non-traditional drawing techniques, which can also become means of expression. Therefore, in this book we provide notes on exciting lessons in painting with gouache and watercolor paints, colored pencils and wax crayons in traditional and non-traditional ways.
The classes are organized according to the thematic principle: one topic unites all classes (on the surrounding world, on speech development, on modeling, on appliqué, on drawing) during the week.
Drawing classes for children 4–5 years old are held once a week; Lesson duration 15–20 minutes. The manual contains 36 notes of complex lessons designed for the academic year (from September to May).
Read the lesson notes carefully in advance and, if something doesn’t suit you, make changes. Prepare the necessary material and equipment. Preliminary work before class is also important (reading a work of art, becoming familiar with surrounding phenomena, looking at drawings and paintings). It is advisable to conduct a drawing lesson after the children have already sculpted and completed an application on this topic.
Drawing classes are structured according to the following approximate plan:
• creating interest and emotional mood (surprise moments, poems, riddles, songs, nursery rhymes, familiarity with works of fine art, reminders of what was seen earlier, a fairy-tale character in need of help, dramatization games, exercises for the development of memory, attention and thinking; active a game);
• the process of work begins with examining and feeling the depicted object, advice from the teacher and suggestions from children on how to complete the work, in some cases showing depiction techniques on a separate sheet. Next, the children begin to create works. The teacher can show the children a successfully started drawing and guide the actions of the children who need support and help. When finalizing a drawing with additional elements, you need to draw children’s attention to expressive means (correctly selected colors and interesting details);
• examination of the received work (children's drawings are given only a positive assessment). Children should be happy with the result obtained and learn to evaluate their own work and the work of other children, notice new and interesting solutions, and see similarities with nature.
Children 4–5 years old consciously approach the drawing process and strive to achieve the desired result. Their drawings usually depict single objects. Children draw an object in parts - first the largest parts, then smaller ones and some characteristic details. The guys gradually begin to combine several objects in one drawing, creating a plot composition; learn to choose appropriate colors. They develop strong skills in proper use of a pencil and brush.
For drawing classes you will need: drawing paper and watercolor paper, gouache paints, watercolor paints, pencils, colored pencils, felt-tip pens, wax crayons, soft and hard brushes, cotton swabs, glasses of water, wide bowls for diluting gouache, palettes, oilcloth linings, rags.
Let us list some properties of visual materials.
Gouache
gives a durable opaque layer; as it dries, you can layer one layer on top of another. Gouache paints are slightly diluted with water to pick up the paint on the brush bristles. To obtain a new color, you need to mix the primary colors, and to obtain lighter tones, white is added to the paints. Gouache can be painted on white and colored paper.
Watercolor -
delicate, light, transparent colors. Watercolor paints, like gouache paints, can be mixed to create a new color. A lighter tone is obtained by diluting the paint with water. To paint with watercolors, children should be given special, rough watercolor paper.
Colour pencils
have thick rods containing fatty particles. Their oily, shiny marks adhere firmly to any paper. When drawing, you need to press evenly on the pencil, put strokes in one direction, without gaps or dark spots. Do not use colored pencils for coloring large surfaces. It is advisable to draw with them on half of the album sheet.
Markers
filled with special ink. They give a bright, rich color. It is easier for children to draw with felt-tip pens than with pencils because felt-tip pens easily leave a mark on paper, but when drawing with felt-tip pens, you cannot get shades of color. It is advisable to draw with felt-tip pens on drawing paper.
Wax crayons
They have rich, bright colors and can be used to paint over a surface much faster than with colored pencils. By changing the pressure, you can get different tones of the same color. Wax crayons are suitable for drawing on paper, cardboard, glass and metal.
Expected skills and abilities of a child by age five:
• shows interest in drawing with different materials and methods;
• knows how to depict simple objects.
• has an idea of the shape of objects (round, oval, square, rectangular, triangular), size, location of their parts;
• knows how to create a simple plot composition from repeating and different objects;
• creates a plot composition from objects, adding various objects to them (sun, rain, snow);
• places the plot on the entire sheet of paper;
• knows how to mix paints of primary colors to obtain orange, purple, green, brown colors and knows how to choose the right colors to depict objects;
• knows how to obtain shades of colors (pink, blue, light green) by mixing gouache with white;
• uses a variety of colors in drawing;
• obtains the brightest or lightest shades by adjusting the pressure on the pencil;
• correctly holds a brush, pencil, felt-tip pen, colored greasy chalk;
• picks up paint only onto the bristles of the brush; to pick up paint of a different color, rinse the brush well in a jar of water, remove excess water with a cloth or on the edge of the jar;
• knows how to draw wide lines with the whole brush, and use the tip of the brush to put dots and draw thin lines;
• continuously paints within the outline with colored pencils, applying strokes in one direction;
• paints over the drawing, drawing lines in one direction; rhythmically applies strokes without going beyond the contour;
• correctly conveys the location of parts when drawing complex objects and correlates them by size;
• familiar with non-traditional drawing techniques (fingers, palm, poking with a hard, semi-dry brush, drawing with wax crayons and watercolors), can make imprints of leaves, create an image on a wet sheet, make an imprint with crumpled paper;
• keeps his workplace in order;
• creates a composition based on Dymkovo patterns;
• creates a composition based on Filimonov patterns;
• familiar with Gorodets products, elements and color combinations of Gorodets painting.
Annual thematic planning of drawing classes
Class notes
Topic of the week: “Parts of the body and face”
Lesson 1. There are such boys (Drawing with a simple pencil)
Program content.
Teach children to draw a happy and sad face with a simple pencil. Learn to analyze and understand the content of a poem. Cultivate a friendly attitude towards others. Learn to express and describe your feelings.
Material.
Landscape sheets, simple pencils (for each child).
Progress of the lesson
Read excerpts from A. Barto’s poem “There are such boys” to the children:
We look at the boy - He’s kind of unsociable! He frowns and sulks, as if he drank vinegar. We thought and thought, We thought and came up with: We will be, like Vovochka, Gloomy, gloomy. We went out into the street - They also began to frown. He looked at our faces, He was about to get angry, Suddenly he burst out laughing. He doesn't want to, but he laughs louder than a bell.
Ask the children:
– What was the boy like at the beginning of the poem? (Gloomy, angry, sad.)
– What did he become at the end of the poem? (Cheerful, kind, laughing.)
Invite the children to portray first a sad boy, and then a cheerful one. To do this, you need to draw a circle on the left half of the sheet - a face, eyebrows in the form of downward arches and a mouth, with the corners of the lips downward. On the right side of the sheet you need to draw a circle - a face, straight eyebrows and a smiling mouth with the corners of the lips raised up.
At the end of the lesson, ask the children when they feel sad and when they feel happy.
Theme of the week: “Vegetables”
Lesson 2. Cucumber and tomato (Drawing with colored pencils)
Program content.
Teach children to draw round and oval objects from life and paint them with colored pencils, without going beyond the outline and applying strokes in one direction. Learn to draw objects large, placing them on the entire sheet. Develop sensory sensations. Learn to distinguish and name vegetables.
Material.
Dummy vegetables (cucumbers and tomatoes), bag. Halves of album sheets, colored pencils.
Progress of the lesson
Together with the children, name, examine and feel the vegetables (models), and then put them in the bag. Next, the children will take turns looking for a vegetable in the bag, naming it, and only then taking it out.
Invite the children to carefully look at the cucumber and tomato again. Determine their shape (oval and circle) and color (green and red). Next, children draw these vegetables on a sheet of paper and color them in with colored pencils. Remind the children that strokes should be placed in one direction, without gaps, and try not to go beyond the outline of the object; It is also important to ensure that the vegetables are large and spread over the entire sheet.
At the end of the lesson, ask the children what other vegetables can be drawn.
Theme of the week: “fruit”
Lesson 3. Apple and pear (Brush painting. Gouache)
Program content.
Teach children to draw round and oval objects from life with a simple pencil and paint with gouache using a brush; draw objects large, placing them on the entire sheet; Remove excess water from the brush with a cloth. Strengthen the ability to distinguish between fruits and vegetables.
Material.
Models of vegetables and fruits (or object pictures). Half landscape sheets, pencils, gouache, brushes, glasses of water, rags (for each child).
Progress of the lesson
Offer to play in the store. Children, in turn, need to approach the table where fruits and vegetables are laid out and “buy” what the adult asks: “Masha, buy a red vegetable.” Masha needs to look at the table, name a red vegetable (tomato or carrot, etc.) and take it. Then the adult asks: “Dima, buy a yellow fruit.” Dima needs to name what he chose (banana or pear, etc.) and take this fruit.
Then invite the children to draw an apple and a pear with a simple pencil, and then paint over them with gouache. After dipping the brush into the water, you need to blot it with a cloth to remove excess water. And excess paint from the brush needs to be removed on the edge of the jar with gouache. It is also important to ensure that the fruits are large and spread over the entire sheet.
At the end of the lesson, ask what other fruits you can draw.
Theme of the week: “Berries”
Lesson 4. Cherry branch (Drawing with colored pencils)
Program content.
Teach children to draw and color a branch with berries with colored pencils; place the drawing on the entire sheet. Learn to understand and analyze the content of the poem.
Material.
Half landscape sheets, colored pencils (for each child).
Progress of the lesson
Start the lesson by reading G. Boyko’s poem “Cherry”:
In early spring this year I planted my own cherry tree. Now look: Overtaking me, My cherry has grown over the summer.
Ask the children:
– At what time of year did the girl plant the tree? (In early spring.)
– What was the cherry tree like at first? (Small.)
– Did the cherry tree grow quickly? (Yes – I grew up over the summer.)
Offer to draw the berries that are ripe on this tree. Show on a separate sheet of paper how to first draw two branches connected at the top and diverging downwards in different directions, and at the end of each branch draw circles - berries. On the side of the branch, draw an oval sheet of dots. Children draw a cherry according to this pattern and color it in with colored pencils.
Theme of the week: “In the forest”
Lesson 5. Mushroom (Brush painting. Gouache)
Program content.
Teach children to draw from life objects consisting of an oval and a semi-oval; create a simple plot composition. Strengthen the ability to remove excess water on the brush with a cloth. Continue learning to imitate movements in accordance with the text of the poem.
Material.
Dummy mushroom. Halves of album sheets, simple pencils, gouache, brushes, jars of water, rags (for each child).
Progress of the lesson
Invite the children to go for a walk in the forest. Stand one after another and quietly “walk through the forest.” Ask the children: “What can we see in the autumn forest?” (Trees, bushes, berries, mushrooms.)
Offer to recite a poem and pretend to pick mushrooms. You need to slowly walk through the forest, bend down and put mushrooms in an imaginary basket:
The children walked and walked and walked and found a white mushroom. One - fungus, Two - fungus, Put it in the box.
Ask the children what a box is. (Basket.)
Invite each child to draw one mushroom. Examine a dummy mushroom with your children and determine that it has a stem and a cap.
First, children draw an oval leg with a simple pencil, a semi-oval cap on top and paint over it with gouache. Remind the children that after dipping the brush into the water, they need to blot it with a cloth to remove excess water; Excess paint from the brush must be removed on the edge of the jar with gouache.
Tell the children what they can add to the drawing: draw a sun, grass in which a mushroom grows.
Theme of the week: “City Birds”
Lesson 6. Dymkovo birds (Brush painting. Gouache. Team work)
Program content.
Cultivate interest in the art of Dymkovo masters. Teach children to highlight and draw with the tip of a brush the elements of Dymkovo painting (rings, dots, sticks, wavy lines). Continue to learn how to remove excess water on the brush with a cloth. Develop creativity and imagination.
Material.
Clay Dymkovo toys and illustrations with their images (young ladies, horses, geese, chickens, roosters, ducks); samples of elements of Dymkovo painting. Silhouettes of clay bird toys cut out of paper, a sheet of colored paper, gouache, brushes, jars of water, rags (for each child).
Progress of the lesson
Tell the children that in the village of Dymkovo near Moscow, people came up with the idea of making funny toys out of clay and painting them with bright colors.
Show the children examples of elegant Dymkovo young ladies, dashing horses, ducks, chickens and roosters. Tell us how these toys were sculpted from clay, and then the crafts were painted with crimson, yellow, orange, blue, and brown paints.
Ask the children what patterns the craftsmen drew on clay toys (rings, dots, intersecting lines, wavy lines).
Give children painted samples and cut-out paper silhouettes of geese, chickens and roosters. Show how to draw fine lines with a brush tip.
Invite children to become Dymkovo craftsmen and make the birds elegant, decorating them with rings, dots and lines.
At the end of the lesson, create a composition of the poultry yard on a sheet of colored paper.
Topic of the week: “Migratory and resident birds”
Lesson 7. Owl (Drawing with colored pencils)
Program content.
Teach children to draw a bird using an oval and a circle. Introduce the distinctive features of an owl. Develop imagination.
Material.
Subject picture with the image of an owl; half album sheets, simple and colored pencils (for each child).
Progress of the lesson
Read the nursery rhyme to the children:
It’s dark in the forest, everyone has been sleeping for a long time. One owl does not sleep, sits on a branch, looks in all directions, and how it will fly!
Look at the picture of an owl with your children. Tell us that an owl is a big bird with huge eyes. At night she hunts mice and sleeps during the day.
Invite the children to draw an owl. To do this, you need to draw a circle (head) with a simple pencil, and draw an oval at the bottom, narrowed downwards. On the head draw large eyes, a beak, and ears. At the bottom of the oval are the paws and the branch on which the owl is sitting. When the owl is ready, you need to paint it over with an orange, yellow or brown pencil.
Theme of the week: “Autumn”
Lesson 8. Autumn leaves (Leaf prints. Gouache)
Program content.
Teach children to make prints with leaves. Learn to mix red and yellow gouache to get orange. Learn to distinguish and name trees, recognize leaves.
Material.
A landscape sheet, fallen leaves from different trees (maple, birch, rowan, poplar, oak), gouache, a wide brush, a jar of water, a sheet of paper or oilcloth (place under the leaves to be painted).
Progress of the lesson
Ask the children to bring some fallen leaves for this activity ahead of time. Read the poem by I. Evensen to the children:
Leaves are falling, falling, leaves are falling in our forest. Red and yellow leaves curl and fly in the wind.
In class, look at the autumn leaves with your children and determine which tree each leaf comes from.
Then each child takes one leaf, places it with the smooth side on the oilcloth and paints the underside of the leaf with gouache of the same color. To make an orange leaf print, teach children to mix red and yellow paints. While the gouache has not dried, the painted side of the leaf is applied to a clean sheet of paper and pressed tightly so that it is printed in its entirety. The leaf cannot be moved.
This way the child can make several prints of different leaves. At the end of the lesson, ask the children how many leaves each of them drew.
Theme of the week: “Dishes”
Lesson 9. Cup (Drawing with cotton swabs. Gouache)
Program content.
Teach children to draw a large piece of utensils from life with a simple pencil, placing it on the entire sheet. Learn to choose the appropriate colors yourself, trace the outline drawn in pencil with dots using a cotton swab with gouache; decorate the product with dots drawn with a cotton swab. Practice forming the plural of nouns.
Material.
Cup, plate, pan (you can take toy dishes), ball. Landscape sheets, simple pencils, cotton swabs, gouache, jars of water (for each child).
Progress of the lesson
Show the children a saucepan, a plate and a cup and ask how these objects can be called in one word. (Dishes.)
Invite the guys to play. Children stand in a circle, you throw the ball to one child and name one piece of utensils, the child throws the ball back and names many of these items. (Cup – cups.)
Then you throw the ball to another child, etc.
Invite the children to look at the cup again. Show how to draw on a piece of paper with a simple pencil a cup in the form of a rectangle, slightly tapering downward, and the handle of the cup. Then each child takes a cotton swab by one end, moistens the other end in water and puts gouache of the desired color on it. Trace the pencil outline with dots. You can make imprints on the cup in the form of dots on the tips of a cotton swab. You can use different paints, but carefully rinse the tip of the cotton swab.
Theme of the week: “Food”
Lesson 10. Candy (Drawing with colored pencils)
Program content.
Continue teaching children to draw round and oval objects. Develop creativity and imagination. Learn to understand and analyze the content of the poem.
Material.
Half of the album sheets, simple and colored pencils (for each child).
Progress of the lesson
Read to the children an excerpt from S. Mikhalkov’s poem “Sweet Tooth”:
There is no greater joy in childhood, seeing these sweets, sitting closer to them and eating everything you see. Pounce and eat!
Ask the children what sweets they would like to eat. (Candy, cakes, ice cream, etc.)
Invite the children to draw sweet, tasty round and oval-shaped candies; decorate their candy wrappers so that you immediately want to eat these candies.
How to teach a child to draw with pencils and paints step by step
In order for the toddler to draw with a pencil, you need to help the child hold it in the correct position. The parent should take the child’s hand with a pencil in his own, and then draw straight and wavy lines and simple shapes together. As soon as the preschooler masters simple large forms, you can complicate the tasks and begin to depict small details: a hare, a bullfinch, flowers in the spring or snowflakes in the winter.
Advanced training for teachers of preschool educational institutions
As for learning to work with paints, it consists of several stages:
- prepare soft bristle brushes, a sippy cup, watercolor paints and a palette;
- teach your child to hold a brush and use it: pick up paint, apply it to the easel, blot and rinse;
- At the first stage, the little one must move a dry brush over the paper, determine the degree of pressure and the correctness of the movements.
The process of learning to paint with paints
You should draw step by step, starting with one color, gradually adding other shades. To begin with, it is recommended that the child draw strokes according to the diagram, lines and simple figures from closed contours to be painted.
Recommendations from psychologists and teachers
According to Daria Nikolaevna Koldina’s notes (which are available online), teachers do not recommend overloading children during drawing classes, otherwise, instead of enjoying a rich and interesting life, the little one will suffer from fatigue and frayed nerves. If perseverance is not one of the child’s virtues, then there is no need to force him to study, since he must come to this on his own.
As for the break between school lessons and drawing classes outside of school, psychologists recommend that it be at least an hour. Thus, a five- to six-year-old preschooler will be able to “switch” and begin another type of activity with renewed vigor.
