Organization of the daily routine and its importance in raising children

Daily routine and its importance for preschoolers

3. The organization of the daily routine is carried out taking into account the warm and cold periods of the year

WHAT IS THE DAY SCHEDULE IN KINDERGARTEN?

The importance of a child's daily routine

A correct regimen that corresponds to the child’s age-related capabilities improves health, ensures efficiency, successful implementation of various activities, and protects against overwork. In a child accustomed to a strict routine, the need for food, sleep, and rest occurs at certain intervals and is accompanied by rhythmic changes in the activity of all internal organs. The body, as it were, adjusts in advance to the upcoming activity, so it is carried out quite efficiently, without unnecessary waste of nervous energy and does not cause pronounced fatigue. Good performance during the day is ensured by a variety of activities and their alternation. From a physiological point of view, this is explained by the ability of the cerebral cortex to simultaneously work and rest. At each individual moment, not its entire surface is working, but individual areas, namely those that are in charge of this activity (the field of optimal excitability). The remaining areas of the cortex are at rest at this time. All physiological processes in the body, having their own biological rhythm, obey a single daily rhythm - the change of day and night. During the day, the child’s activity and performance are not the same. Their rise is noted from 8 to 12 hours and from 16 to 18 hours, and the period of minimum performance occurs at 14-16 hours. It is no coincidence, therefore, that activities that cause pronounced fatigue in children are planned in the first half of the day, during hours of optimal performance. The duration of periods of wakefulness in preschoolers is limited to 5-6 hours. This implies the need to alternate wakefulness and sleep.

HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF ORGANIZING THE DAY REGIME FOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

The concept of “daily routine” includes the duration, organization and distribution during the day of all types of activities, rest and meals. A rationally constructed and organized regime is an important factor in ensuring timely and harmonious physical and mental development of children and adolescents, an optimal level of performance, and also prevents the development of fatigue and increases the overall resistance of the body.

In connection with the beginning of early education and its intensification, deviations are noted in the daily routine of preschoolers, forming functional and other health disorders.

The main hygienic principle of constructing a rational daily routine is its strict implementation, the inadmissibility of frequent changes, and the gradual transition to a new regime of education and training.

Daily routine: the benefits of self-discipline

To understand how to create a daily routine that suits you, you first need to know why you need to do it. You should seriously work on planning your regime if you want to:

• Become more disciplined and organized;
• Study better or work more efficiently;
• Find time to develop hobbies, communicate with family and friends;
• Organize pleasant and useful leisure time for yourself;
• Spend less time on useless activities;
• Take care of your health every day;

A properly designed routine for your day will allow you to implement all of the above without much difficulty or stress. Also in favor of self-discipline is that the vast majority of successful people strictly followed their individual schedule and did not allow themselves to be distracted by trifles. A pre-designed routine for even a very busy day can significantly reduce the feeling of acute lack of time and be calm and self-confident.

Preventing overfatigue in children

In preschool education, caring for the nervous system of children is very important. Children get tired of being in a large group for a long time, they daily perform certain mandatory tasks that require great effort and concentration, and experience emotional stress.

All this, under unfavorable conditions, can create conditions for overstraining the nervous system, and in preschool children, due to their age characteristics, nervous system disorders easily develop. This is why the role of the teacher in regulating the behavior and activities of children is so important.

The main difference between the nervous system of a child and an adult lies, first of all, in the lack of morphological maturity. This creates conditions for rapid depletion of the nervous system and makes it especially sensitive to the action of disturbing factors, determining the relatively low limit of the performance and endurance of neurons. Another feature of the child’s nervous system is the weak development of internal inhibitory processes, which occurs only at a later age and on which the ability to control behavior and form the will depends.

Insufficient development of inhibitory processes in the central nervous system of preschool children creates conditions for increased excitability of nerve centers, which in turn affects the level of physiological capabilities of the body and the nature of behavior and motor activity.

Fatigue can be caused by various factors: in addition to violations of the regime, it is caused by a disproportion of psychological or physical stress to the physiological capabilities of the body, the imposition of excessive, increased demands on the child during the learning process, lack of sleep, and persistent negative emotions.

Works of outstanding physiologists - I.M. Sechenova, I.P. Pavlova, N.E. Vvedensky—point to the ambiguous biological role of fatigue. On the one hand, fatigue can be considered as a protective reaction that protects the body from overload and neurons from exhaustion. On the other hand, fatigue, which to one degree or another accompanies any work, is a necessary condition for increasing the body’s endurance, for training, which is only possible when overcoming initial fatigue, i.e., fatigue that does not yet cause negative changes in the body , does not lead to painful phenomena. When the process of fatigue goes beyond the initial, protective stage, severe fatigue and overwork develop, and negative reactions arise.

Therefore, a teacher in a preschool institution, performing various forms of work with children every day, must organize the pedagogical process so that the children’s fatigue resulting from work can be easily eliminated by timely rest, changing postures and actions. If the teacher follows hygienic and pedagogical recommendations for organizing the educational, play, work and leisure activities of preschool children, then all types of work that children perform during the day will not only not develop fatigue and overload, but will also serve as the basis for improving the physiological capabilities of the body.

To preserve the nervous system of preschoolers, it is very important that there is always a calm atmosphere in the group. The well-being of children and their good mood depend on the teacher’s ability to communicate with children, organize play, direct their energy in the right direction, establish equal, friendly relationships between peers in their joint play, and prevent conflict situations from arising. With his behavior and tone of conversation, an adult influences the mood of children, and also serves as a role model for them in communicating with each other. If the teacher is not attentive enough to the children, often makes comments, does not know how to interest them, or is not tactful enough, the child becomes irritable, which can subsequently lead to the development of neurotic disorders.

It should be remembered that preschool children are prone to imitation. This should encourage the teacher to constantly monitor his own actions, speech and tone, carefully monitor his appearance, look at himself from the outside, through the eyes of children. If the teacher comes to the group calmly and does not raise his voice when communicating with the children, they can be occupied with an interesting game; the children have always been balanced and friendly.

It is very important to avoid excessive noise in the group, which also negatively affects the nervous system. Efforts must be made to ensure that when children play in the house, they use only those toys that are intended for this purpose. Games with large metal toys are best organized on the playground.

One of the leading places in the prevention of overfatigue and the protection of the nervous system of children belongs to physiologically complete sleep, which corresponds to the age and individual needs of the child’s body.

Thus, the creation of favorable external conditions in which children’s activities take place, the rational organization of the activities themselves, timely rest, and a warm, friendly atmosphere are effective measures to protect the nervous system of children.

What should a manager do?

Businesses have two options during the lockdown period:

1. Declare downtime for reasons beyond the control of the parties.
2. Send staff to work remotely.

Read more: Dismissal due to staff reduction: payments and compensation

Which option to choose depends on various circumstances.

Downtime due to quarantine

Downtime is essentially stopping all processes. But employees are entitled to 2/3 of the average salary, and if they do not pay it, in addition to the debt, they will be fined and interest charged. If the situation changes and the employer issues an order to work during the coronavirus period, you will have to pay all your earnings.

Read more: How is downtime due to the employer’s fault paid?

Within 3 days after issuing the order to declare downtime, you must notify the employment center about the suspension of the company's activities. If only some divisions are temporarily closed, nothing is reported anywhere.

Read more: How to notify the central control center about the announcement of downtime

Vacation and sick leave are as scheduled. Otherwise, complaints to the State Tax Inspectorate cannot be avoided.

Read more: How to send an employee on vacation during downtime

ConsultantPlus experts looked at how an employer can organize work in an unfavorable epidemiological situation (due to COVID-19). Use these instructions for free.

Temporary remote work

After restrictions in the spring of 2021, the transition to remote work due to coronavirus has become easier: the authorities have clarified all the necessary nuances in Chapter 49.1 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Now, if a company transfers staff to remote work, under Art. 312.9 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, an order must be issued indicating all the details:

• reasons for transfer;
• list of transferred employees;
• duration of remote work;
• nuances of equipment provision;
• procedure for interaction with management, etc.

Read more: New law on remote work

In case of an “emergency” transfer to remote work, a certificate of continuous production is not needed; the employer already fulfills the requirements of the authorities. In this case, the employee’s consent and additional agreement to the employment contract are not prepared. But we should keep the same job with the same salary and provide equipment. Any changes must be confirmed in writing.

Read more: Transferring an employee to remote work: additional agreement and other methods

It will become more difficult to control employees, since, according to Art. 312.4 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, remote work from 2021 is built for the employee in a mode convenient for him. But it is allowed to fire him for all the main reasons, plus in case of failure to communicate within 2 working days.

Read more: How to manage a company remotely

Conditions and features of the organization of the regime in early age groups. article

Conditions and features of the organization of the regime in early age groups.

For the normal development of a child and strengthening his health, it is important:

1. implementation of the regime throughout the entire period of raising children in a preschool institution, starting from an early age;
2. maintaining constancy, consistency and gradualness in the conduct of regime processes. Consistency must be maintained not only in terms of daily routine, but also in terms of consistent demands from all group personnel.

The main task of group staff when organizing special moments is to take care of the health and physical well-being of the child. This is facilitated by:

- timeliness of food intake;

- timely and sufficient duration of daytime sleep;

— compliance of children’s clothing with the microclimate in the group and the season outside.

Principles for the effective distribution of responsibilities between group personnel:

• The teacher works in the area where the pedagogical requirements are more complex and responsible. The teacher must do the bulk of the work in the initial period of developing independence skills.
• The teacher's assistant serves children who have already partially mastered the skill.

Basic principles of organizing the regime in early age groups:

1. Ensure the unity of health and educational work.
2. Ensure unity and consistency of approach on the part of ALL educators, namely:

- kindergarten,

- family,

— continuity in the work of all group personnel.

3. Ensure frequent and predominantly individual communication between the child and adults, especially during the adaptation period;

4. Ensure friendly communication between the adult and the child, creating a favorable emotional environment in the group. Communication should be predominantly smooth, calm, affectionate and emotional. You should not be afraid of kind words addressed to children. But we must remember that they must go from a pure heart. Avoid stock words and phrases!

5. Ensure correct adult behavior. Remember the golden rule: the behavior of an adult is a role model for a child. The child is a mirror; in play he copies the actions of adults, especially the negative aspects (this is how parents find out what is happening in the kindergarten).

6. Ensure that children in the group are in an active, cheerful state.

When organizing the regime, you must follow certain rules:

1. Each of the regime moments must take place against the background of the game.

2. When carrying out regime processes, first a subgroup of the smallest and most weakened, slow and, on the contrary, easily excitable children is taken;

3. Provide for uniformity of requirements on the part of adults raising a child in a child care institution and at home.

4. Create a certain mood in children to carry out a particular process (do not injure the nervous system).

5. The implementation of any regime process should proceed without fuss. Adults should accompany their actions with gentle, unhurried speech.

6. Build the child’s confidence that everything will work out, he will be able to complete this or that action to the end. Notice something new that the child has already learned.

7. It is necessary to remember the hygienic requirements: for premises (compliance with the schedule of wet cleaning, ventilation); to the size of furniture in accordance with height; to the appearance of children and adults; to the feeding process, etc.

8. Use such a method of relationship between an adult and a child as mother therapy.

9. Individual communication and approach to children must be observed. The teacher must be able to pay attention to all children, at the same time ensure frequent communication with each individual, and master specific methods of group education

10. To successfully develop cultural and hygienic skills, their systematic reinforcement is necessary.

Specifics of the organization of regime processes.

Organization of a walk.

Staying in the fresh air improves health and strengthens the body, comprehensively develops children, activates their motor activity and cognitive abilities.

Gathering children for a walk (as well as returning) is the most labor-intensive and time-consuming process. Every day, about 15% of staff time is spent on dressing children. Therefore, the rationality of organizing this process is very important. The most convenient method is considered to be the so-called frontal method of dressing children, when they simultaneously put on leggings, shoes, sweaters, and lastly coats (jackets) and hats. At the same time, we should not forget about maintaining consistency and gradualism, as well as an individual approach to children.

Organization of the feeding process.

The feeding process is not only a process of satisfying hunger. During meals, an adult should impart knowledge to children and expand their understanding and vocabulary. Tell them the names of the dishes, their quality and condition: sweet, tasty, hot, salty, etc.

During feeding, the tables at which children sit should be divided between the teacher and the assistant teacher to monitor and provide the necessary assistance. Children who sit down first at the table should finish eating earlier. Otherwise, the rule according to which younger and weaker children are put to bed first is violated. Adults must be able to properly feed children. Under no circumstances should you hang over your child! You need to take a high chair, sit next to the child, and feed him with a clean spoon (another one).

Do not forget to pay attention to moral education based on imitation. From early childhood, it is necessary to cultivate correct behavior while eating: eat silently, do not disturb others, be careful, etc.

It is necessary to develop a positive attitude towards the process of eating and towards food. Children should not be force-fed.

Organization of direct educational activities.

Classes in early age groups are held 2 times a day (morning and evening), lasting 10 minutes in subgroups. The assistant teacher plays a big role here, because the rest of the children are under her supervision.

The teacher must use various techniques to maintain an optimal state of excitability, protecting children from fatigue, which can arise when children are constantly in a group if mistakes are made in the process of organizing education.

Organization of physiological cleansing and washing.

It is necessary to monitor the regularity of physiological procedures, but remember that no more than 3-4 children should be in the toilet room at the same time and no more than 3-4 minutes. Mass planting is carried out before the start of direct educational activities, a walk, after its completion, before going to bed and after getting up.

When organizing the washing process with children, a teacher and an assistant teacher must be present, because Two skills must be developed at once: washing your hands and face correctly and drying your hands correctly with a towel.

Who was quarantined for?

The non-working week declared by the president has ended, but in some regions the lockdown was extended for a few more days, and in some regions the rules for the functioning of business were tightened. To find out which organizations can work in quarantine in your region, we recommend contacting your local administration. If we talk about federal rules, they were adopted back in 2021 and have not changed yet.

Taking into account Government Order No. 762-r dated March 27, 2020, it is easy to understand which stores will be open during quarantine: food stores, those that sell essential goods, regardless of operating hours.

The same order contains a list of essential goods, and the procedure for finding out whether an organization is allowed to work during quarantine is simple: you need to look at what the company does and whether this activity falls within those described in the government document. For example, to figure out whether construction stores will be closed for quarantine, let’s study the list of essential goods for the population. There are no specifications regarding building materials, and if a store does not have disinfectants or hygiene products in its assortment, it will not be allowed to work during the lockdown.

Read more: List of organizations operating during quarantine

The same list includes gasoline, diesel and natural gas motor fuel, so gas stations will not be closed. But if you intend to send your car in for repairs on non-working days, check to see if car repair shops will be closed for quarantine - it is possible that they will not be allowed to continue operating, and you will have to repair the iron horse later.

IMPORTANT!

The presidential decrees on lockdowns stipulate that they do not apply to continuous production, including medical organizations. If you are wondering whether dentists will be open during quarantine, please clarify this point: in previous times, they provided only emergency and urgent care, and planned visits were cancelled.

Read more: List of continuously operating enterprises and organizations

Tips for employees

If restrictive measures do not apply to your company, if the employer forces you to work during a lockdown, you have the right to ask for a transfer to remote work, justifying this by not wanting to become infected with the coronavirus. The employer is forced to agree to such a proposal unless there are compelling reasons for refusal.

Read more: Writing an application for transfer to remote work

If you are already remote, remember:

• for a remote employee from another city, a trip to the head office is a business trip, paid according to the general rules;
• the employee has the right to negotiate compensation if he uses his own equipment;
• time for meetings, acceptance of reports, etc. is included in working hours;
• the order to terminate the employment contract must be sent to the employee in paper form by registered mail.

Read more: Do I need to compensate expenses for a remote worker?

If you do not want or have the opportunity to switch to working outside the office, study the recommendations on how to protect yourself during a pandemic. If any restrictions have been introduced in the locality, request special permission from the employer to move and appear at the workplace.

Read more: We issue the employee a certificate stating that he is working during quarantine

Mandatory vaccination is possible if you want to continue working. They won’t be able to fire you for refusing, but suspension from work without pay is legal.

Read more: Suspension from work without vaccination against coronavirus