The modern educational system increasingly highlights the need to educate a new type of personality. Many programs of specialized scientific organizations are devoted to this aspect. Spiritual and moral education within the framework of the Federal State Educational Standard presupposes pedagogical support for the formation of a highly moral, responsible young citizen , endowed with initiative, and competent.
The spiritual and moral values that society tries to instill in its people are conditionally divided into three groups:
- family, promote caring, caring relationships, love and loyalty towards their loved ones, guardianship of younger ones, respect for elders;
- cultural, based on folklore, national traditions, preaching beauty and harmony;
- patriotic, developing in children a love for the Motherland, a desire to serve it, and a respectful attitude towards law and order.
Spiritual and moral education, its modern problems
Social and moral education lays down the basic characteristics of the individual, which later make themselves felt, manifesting themselves in behavior and activity. Developed moral qualities are realized through a respectful attitude towards the values of society and the desire to be useful. A moral person adheres to certain boundaries and goals.
Today, the younger generation is surrounded by many positive and negative influences. The media and various environmental phenomena have a strong impact. The still fragile intellect, young feelings, and unformed sphere of morality are impressed by such basic “values” of modernity as the desire for profit, the desire to endlessly consume and have fun. Following them destroys the country and fragile souls.
Parents are too busy, they rely entirely on the school, but the school has withdrawn from education and is only engaged in teaching. An educational institution should not only teach, but also educate people . Literature and national history should become the basis for development. It happens that teachers of non-humanitarian subjects, chemistry or physics, become moral ideals for their students. A teacher who behaves in accordance with the code that he declares becomes an older friend and a model for growing children.
Environmental aspect
Regardless of morality and ethics, each of us will need clean water and air throughout our lives. A hundred years ago, caring for nature was generally accepted. During Soviet times, an earlier idea of conquering nature was embodied. In fact, there was a war with nature, which was most clearly manifested in the insane project of diverting part of the rivers of Siberia to Central Asia. And at present the situation as a whole is very alarming.
Environmental education helps to realize oneself as a part of nature and responsibility for it. Man is not the king of nature, to whom it owes something, but rather the master on whom everything depends. Educators are able to find examples of beautiful solutions for energy saving and waste-free production and anti-examples of exploitative, parasitic use of natural resources.
In aesthetic categories, it is easy to explain to children the ugliness of landfills and the imperfection of consumer attitudes towards nature. In addition, children love observation - helping to grow plants, care for animals and see the results over time, as well as participating in environmental education lessons. The main thing is to pay attention to this and not act contrary to your words: take advantage of the opportunity to donate light bulbs and batteries, refuse unnecessary car trips (especially short ones) and always pick up trash after yourself.
The concept of spiritual and moral education of Russian schoolchildren
In Russia, the Education Development Strategy was recently approved, which is designed until 2025. The standard focuses on solving a number of problems, one of the fundamental principles of which is a holistic educational process based on spiritual, moral, sociocultural rules and norms.
?
The main goal of the stated concept is to determine the principles, ways of development and education of a highly moral personality. According to it, the activities of preschool educational institutions and schools should have as their goal the formation of a patriot, a conscientious citizen.
The concept details:
- The main tasks of the educational process.
- Vectors of pedagogical activity.
- System for constructing educational activities.
- Forms and methods applicable in the process of working on spiritual and moral development.
The document indicates the need for a whole range of measures that need to be implemented in class and outside of school hours, involving children in a variety of extracurricular activities. This work is not designed exclusively for schools; teachers need to be closely connected with parents and public communities.
Moral education of junior schoolchildren
Basic national values
conclusions
In the Russian national tradition, the concepts of education and upbringing have a spiritual and moral nature and are largely initially based on Christian values. The Russian word education means the formation (creation) of the image of God in a person, that is, it sets the spiritual ascent of the individual. In the 1990s, in many ways, education was viewed only as a process of transferring and perceiving knowledge, while upbringing was ignored because it had an ideological “patina.” And, as you know, in the 90s they fought against everything ideological. But the Russian word upbringing, like education, has spiritual roots, since it is connected with two words “perception” and “nutrition”. Education means feeding with spiritual food, that is, it is food for the soul.
How useful is the publication?
Click on a star to rate!
Average rating 5 / 5. Number of ratings: 3
No ratings yet. Be the first to rate.
Spiritual and moral education of preschool children within the framework of the Federal State Educational Standard
Early age is an important period when a child learns the world of social values. At this time, the foundations of moral attitudes are laid, which subsequently determine the adult’s attitude towards the world and its manifestations. A little person develops an idea of himself, his immediate and wider surroundings. It's time to introduce your child to moral standards through varied and interesting activities.
?
One of the important roles in the development of children's moral guidelines is played by the study of their native language. The Federal State Educational Standard takes into account the principle of ethnocultural development; the educational program is implemented in the native language.
It is in folklore that special national features are preserved. Fairy tales, proverbs and sayings very subtly notice various everyday situations and emphasize the positive and negative aspects of human character. There is a full set of recommendations here, where the popular idea of a well-mannered person is clearly manifested, which contributes to correct spiritual and moral development.
National holidays, which are held in preschool educational institutions, are a vibrant form of recreation for educators, parents and children, uniting them through joint actions and experiences.
According to many respected clergy, the “values” around which the government is trying to unite the people turn into abstract concepts if they are divorced from Christian ethics. Talking about goodness, conscience, moral duty is not bad. But it is impossible to talk about the construction of spiritual and moral attitudes as a result of the cultural development of Russia without mentioning Christianity. It became the main formative factor of what is now called Russian culture.
According to the Federal State Educational Standard, the main tasks of raising high spirituality and morality in preschool children are:
- developing a good attitude towards people and nature;
- awakening a sense of belonging to the people's heritage;
- awareness of one’s national characteristics, instilling a sense of respect for one’s nation and representatives of other nationalities;
- the formation of benevolent collective connections, sympathy, friendliness, empathy for comrades;
- instilling respect for work;
- creating the foundations of patriotism and citizenship.
Thematic seminar:
Patriotism is also love
Patriotic education is more concerned with school age, when one becomes aware of the traditions of one’s people – cultural and religious. The education of will plays a significant role in this - in sports games.
Anton Makarenko said: “For me, the question did not arise: should my pupil emerge as a brave man, or should I raise a coward? Here I assumed the “standard” that everyone should be brave, courageous, hardworking, patriotic.” There is also a well-known phrase attributed to Saltykov-Shchedrin: “They began to push on patriotism. Apparently they stole."
The phrase “To be a patriot means to love the Motherland” sounds very cliched because the word “love” is often interpreted too broadly. Love is precisely an active quality that does not allow inaction. It is expressed in self-sacrifice, in serving not one’s private interests, but higher ones - one’s family and one’s people.
Patriotism is associated with a sober view of the problems of one’s country, city and home; and with responsibility for their decisions. In the education of patriotism, the personality of the teacher plays an exceptional role. Especially in history, literature and the arts. And the main problem again is hypocrisy.
The most famous speech in favor of the poor was made by none other than Judas Iscariot, when he was indignant at the waste of expensive aromatic oil on a woman anointing the head of Jesus two days before the crucifixion. Then he was indignant: “Why such a waste? One could sell this ointment for a high price and give it to the poor,” but, as it is said, “not because he cared about the poor, but because he was a thief.” And he betrayed Jesus Christ for the money taken by the conspiratorial priests from the temple treasury (just money for charity).
It is best to explain to children that there are malicious people who play with holy feelings for their own benefit while they are learning the school curriculum. One of the best examples for this is the novel War and Peace. The brilliant Leo Tolstoy illustrates all kinds of manifestations of patriotism in contrast to the stupidity and cowardice of careerists.
Napoleon sacrificed the well-being of the French empire and millions of destinies as a sacrifice to personal ambitions, just like Hitler (and the present time is also not peaceful). Children need to be explained this before adolescence.
Spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren
Both under the traditional approach and within the framework of modern Federal State Educational Standards, the teacher has always been tasked with realizing not only educational and developmental goals, but also achieving an educational effect. The concept puts forward the same principle. Lessons with a humanitarian and aesthetic orientation have great potential for spiritual and moral development.
Educational tasks can be implemented within any academic discipline when the following forms of work are used during classes:
- the best works of artistic culture are taken as a model;
- the guys get acquainted with the heroic pages of the history of the state;
- watching feature films and documentaries is definitely discussed;
- Role-playing and business games are held;
- The teacher organizes communication in a discussion form, involves students in solving practical problems, creating problematic situations.
Methods and forms of moral education
When organizing extracurricular activities, teachers can plan the following activities:
- public collective holidays:
- family creative meetings;
- interactive quests, talk shows;
- intellectual quizzes, debates;
- work of circles, sections, clubs of interest.
Successive relationships between family and school
One of the characteristic features of spiritual and moral education should be considered the principle of continuity , cooperation between the educational institution and the family. The development of a child begins in the family; school does not replace this process, but enhances it.
Teachers need to study family educational potential, and, if necessary, promote the civic education of not only children, but also their parents. To achieve this, non-standard forms of parent meetings are used, creative homework is used, parents are involved in school events, and involved in governing bodies.
Under conditions where the educational potential of the family is limited, insufficient work of the school can lead to the fact that the child will be under the influence of informal youth groups, his moral character will be heavily pressured by the information space that is far from perfect, which threatens the loss of identity, the moral bankruptcy of the individual .
What's happening at school?
Most of the moral education after the child reaches school age is taken on by teachers and the environment. Over time, he spends more and more time there, goes on excursions, participates in school activities, and so on. This will shape his personality. Against this background, parents should carefully consider the personality of the class teacher, the children’s environment, immediately determine how moral it is and proceed from the information received.
School education is carried out on the basis of the basic program
Advice: Try to ask how your child is doing at school as often as possible. Moral education must be based on children's reality.
Even if he shared information with his parents that his peers are offending him, he cannot run to school and argue with the children’s parents, this will lead to worse consequences. It is necessary to solve the problem with the hands of the child himself. For example, if money is taken from him, give it to a karate or boxing section. There they will teach not so much fighting, but self-confidence; the child will be able to overcome the fear of the environment and form humane moral values. If you do not get rid of it in time, and in childhood it is least painful, the person may subsequently become withdrawn or uncommunicative.
Fostering patriotism is the task of all levels of educators
Basic values should make a person more open, not aggressive or intolerant. At the same time, it is imperative to teach the child to defend and defend his morality.
