Lego construction center in kindergarten as a special educational space for the development of children of primary preschool age

Passport for the design corner in the middle group

Municipal state preschool educational institution Novosibirsk kindergarten No. 30 “Snegiryok”

Passport

design corner of the middle group No. 5 “Rainbow”

Compiled by: Maydanyuk O.N.

Novosibirsk 2021

Location

.
Middle group No. 5 “Rainbow”.
Goals of the
design corner:
- Increasing children's interest in creating structures and models;

— Improving design skills and abilities;

— Development of children’s creative potential;

— Providing preschoolers with the opportunity to express their attitude to the world around them through creative activities.

Main goals:

— Introduction to design, development of interest in constructive activities, familiarization with various types of designers.

— Developing the ability to work collectively, to combine their crafts in accordance with a common plan, to agree on who will do what part of the work.

— Formation of cognitive and research activity in a preschooler, the desire for mental activity, introduction to the world of technical and artistic invention.

Explanatory note

Children's creativity is a specific activity peculiar to the child, and is considered his universal ability. Creative activity satisfies the child’s cognitive activity, develops imagination and ingenuity. In the process of this activity, figurative ideas, imaginative thinking, and imagination develop.

Design as a type of children's creativity contributes to the active formation of technical thinking: thanks to it, the child learns the basics of graphic literacy, learns to use drawings, patterns, and sketches. The child himself makes markings, measurements, and builds diagrams based on independent analysis, which contributes to the development of his spatial and mathematical thinking. Construction introduces the child to the properties of various materials: building elements, paper, cardboard, fabric, natural, waste materials, etc.

When organizing construction and manual labor, the main attention is paid to developing children's powers of observation, curiosity, intelligence, resourcefulness, perseverance, and skill. It is important to develop in children the need for creative activity, hard work, independence, activity, patience, accuracy, and the desire to bring joy to the people around them; fill the child’s mental and creative interests with vivid content.

The program aims teachers to educate every child not as a performer, but as a creator. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account that the creation of buildings, structures, and crafts should not be an end in itself. First of all, it is a means of developing children's abilities (creative, intellectual, artistic). In this regard, the main objectives of the program for this section are the formation of cognitive and research activities in preschoolers, the desire for mental activity; introduction to the world of technical and artistic invention.

The methodology of design and artistic work is built in the context of different types of artistic activity and is actively included in the holistic educational process (in familiarization with the environment, in the development of speech, in the formation of mathematical concepts, etc.). Since, like all types of creative activity, design and manual labor are based on the impressions that children receive in the process of educational work, their content is closely related to the various buildings that children have the opportunity to constantly see. Children first examine and then construct residential buildings, schools, theaters, palaces, etc. from various materials. The older the children, the wider the range of their ideas, which is reflected in designs, buildings, and crafts.

Types and types of design in kindergarten:

There are two types of design: technical and artistic.

In technical design, children mainly display real-life objects, and also come up with crafts based on associations with images from fairy tales and films. At the same time, they model their main structural and functional features: a building with a roof, windows, a door; a ship with a deck, stern, and steering wheel. The technical type of design activity includes: design from building material (wooden painted or unpainted parts of geometric shape); constructing constructors from parts that have different fastening methods; construction from large-sized modular blocks.

In artistic design, children, when creating images, not so much reflect their structure as express their attitude towards them, convey their character, using color, texture, shape: “cheerful clown”, “angry wolf”, “prince charming”. The artistic type of design includes design from paper and design from natural material.

Let's consider the specifics of working
with middle-aged children 4-5 years old.
Draw children's attention to various buildings and structures around the kindergarten. On walks and during games, look at cars, carts, buses and other types of transport with children, highlighting their parts, name the shape of the parts and their location in relation to the largest part. Continue to develop in children the ability to distinguish and name construction parts (cube, plate, brick, block); learn to use them taking into account their structural properties (stability, shape, size). Develop the ability to establish associative connections by asking them to remember what similar structures children have seen. Learn to analyze a building sample: identify the main parts, distinguish and correlate them by size and shape, establish the spatial arrangement of these parts relative to each other (in houses - walls, at the top - ceiling, roof; in a car - cabin, body, etc.) .

Learn to independently measure buildings (in height, length and width), follow the design principle given by the teacher (“Build the same house, but tall”). Learn to build buildings from large and small building materials, use parts of different colors to create and decorate buildings.

Teach paper construction: bend a rectangular sheet of paper in half, matching the sides and corners (album, flags, greeting card), glue parts to the main shape (windows, doors, pipes to a house; wheels to a bus; back to a chair). Involve children in making crafts from natural materials (bark, branches, leaves, cones, chestnuts, nut shells, straw). Learn to use glue and plasticine to secure parts; use reels, boxes of different sizes and other items in crafts.

Features of the design of the corner for constructive activities in our group.

To ensure that design and modeling classes in our corner bring only joy and benefit to students, when organizing it we took into account the following points:

1. Safety - each construction set, both plastic and wooden, is constantly inspected during processing and washing, since the parts may have burrs, chips, etc., formed during use. We remove low-quality parts of the building material.

For independent creativity, we offer children materials that do not pose a danger: cones, walnuts, chestnuts, leaves, maple wings. Children make crafts using small materials (acorns, shells, bean seeds, sunflower seeds, etc.), as well as twigs, sticks, and pine needles under the supervision of a teacher.

We make sure to have conversations with children about the rules for using natural materials, small construction kit parts, scissors, glue, etc. teaching them to manage their behavior and take care of their own health.

2. Accessibility and convenience for children. The corner is located in such a place that children can easily approach it and have the opportunity to take all the material and use it. We follow the rule: we store heavier and larger building materials lower than smaller and lighter ones.

3. We store construction sets in open boxes, in plastic containers, where preschoolers can put them themselves.

4. The corner is filled with materials in accordance with the age of the children and the program requirements for this type of activity.

Taking this into account, we have filled the construction corner with the following gaming materials:

Construction set

- This is a type of cube made of plastic and wood. They are of different sizes, this set includes not only cubes, but also cones, cylinders, arches, bars and other elements. This set is convenient to use for the construction of both individual parts and the whole castle.

Lego-type constructors

- such a set consists of parts of different colors and sizes, which are “put on” each other using special fasteners.

Magnetic constructor

consist of magnetized sticks and balls that “stick” to each other. Designed for children over three years old, as it has small parts. It is very interesting to play with him, developing his imagination.

Soft constructors

– the material they are made of is isolon, it is non-toxic and pleasant to the body.
With their help, you can create both flat and three-dimensional toys.
, etc. Such constructors that already provide some kind of play area. Such kits include not only materials for assembly, but also figurines of people, furniture, and animals.

Block constructors – “Dyonysha Blocks”, “Samodelkin”, “Funny Farm”,

"
Cuisenaire's Colored Counting Sticks" , " Nikitin's Cubes".
These are wonderful and exciting tools for developing children's intellectual abilities. With their help, you can create various tasks for children of different difficulty levels.

Mosaic constructors -

assembly according to a sample or personal sketch is provided. The elements are connected one by one, and the result is an image, similar to a mosaic. The parts are flat with slots for fastenings. The assembled figures turn out to be voluminous.

Inserts, puzzles, lacing, games with clothespins -

contribute to the development of sensorimotor coordination of fingers and sensory concepts in children.

Planar construction sets - “Tangram”, a set of flat geometric shapes made of wood -

are a set of multi-colored geometric shapes (squares, triangles, rectangles). Allows you to develop: the ability to perform logical operations (analysis, synthesis, comparison), an understanding of geometric shapes and colors. Develops observation, creative imagination, fine motor skills of the fingers.

Didactic games:

"Find differences"; "Labyrinth"; "Geometric mosaic"; "Cut pictures"; "Domino"; "Find the Shadow"; "Whose Tail"; ""Happy Logic"; " What is what?"; “Game - training with counting sticks”, etc. Games develop observation, creative imagination, memory, logical thinking, speech activity, fine motor skills of the fingers.

A set of small toys,

including animals, people, transport, dishes. Such figures will enliven the game and make children want to come up with new situations and stories.

Materials for paper construction:

rectangles and squares of different colors, details for decoration. Children can independently make a postcard as a gift to their relatives, decorating it with a bouquet, an ornament of figures, an image of a fairy-tale hero, choosing from the variety of decor they like, albums, colored paper, velvet paper, corrugated paper, foil, wrapping paper, cardboard.

Natural material:

Tree bark, seeds, pine and spruce cones, dried leaves, straw, acorns, shells, sticks, cereals, nut shells.

Waste material:

small (disposable plates and cups, spools, tea and food boxes) and large (shoe boxes, boxes of sweets and cookies).
Children make crafts from small materials, and use large ones to create and play out buildings like a ship, an airplane, or a city for dolls. For a more aesthetic appearance, large boxes are covered with leftover wallpaper and colored paper .
Auxiliary materials

.

Plasticine, glue, wire, decorative elements for crafts, scissors, matches, ruler, pencils.

Visual aids, literature

.

Schemes of buildings from construction sets - “Lego”, “Soft Construction Sets”, block construction sets – “Dyonysh Blocks”, “Self-made”, “Funny Farm”, “Cuisenaire’s Colored Counting Sticks”, “Mosaic Designers”, for a building set.

Album - “Samples of paper crafts using the origami technique.” Album with diagrams for the game "Tangram", a game with counting sticks.

Books with samples on modeling from plasticine, clay, design from natural materials, drawing techniques.

Simple diagrams, drawings of crafts and buildings, images of buildings for various purposes (residential building, theater, kindergarten, clinic).

Construction in kindergarten according to Federal State Educational Standards

Developing children's imagination and creativity through the use of various types of construction.
The goal of training is not only to master basic manual labor skills, but also to develop the mental and aesthetic education of the child, the development of his creative and technical abilities Objectives: 1. To create in children an interest in design activities and a desire to experiment. 2. Develop imagination, the ability to see the unusual in ordinary objects, develop fine motor skills, thinking, and attention. 3. Develop children's artistic and creative abilities. 4. Develop aesthetic perception of artistic taste. 5. Develop the ability for self-analysis of designs, diagrams, and content of your toy sketches. 6. Teach children various techniques for transforming paper, fabric, natural and waste materials. 7. Learn to create joint decorative structures from different materials. 8. Teach how to construct from a variety of construction sets that have different methods of fastening. Develop installation and dismantling skills. Construction is a form of child activity that develops spatial thinking, allows him to foresee future results, provides an opportunity for the development of creativity, and enriches speech. Children's construction refers to an activity in which children create a variety of play crafts (toys, buildings) from various materials. Types of construction in kindergarten: Depending on what material children use to create their buildings and structures, they are distinguished: Construction from building materials: There are many sets for all age groups of kindergarten. When I go for a walk, I use sand sets; in winter, I use shovels and buckets for building fortresses and slides.

In the group we use ready-made board games for design and construction: various mosaics, lacing, small wooden cubes, paper constructor, tangram, etc. d. Games on the floor: modular cubes, large wooden, plastic cubes, sets: “Farm”, “Railroad”, etc., they are used as an independent type of material for construction, can be used together with each other (cubes and construction set )

Construction from paper, cardboard, boxes (waste material): Before making a toy, you need to prepare the material (paper, boxes, foam plastic, plastic spoons, forks, plates, etc.). In my work I actively use origami (paper construction) - the craft can be used both as an independent toy and as a holiday gift (card for the New Year, March 8, etc.)

The whole process requires the ability to measure, fold paper correctly, and use scissors. All this is much more complicated than constructing buildings by assembling them from separate ready-made forms. When working with children, I also use waste materials, such as spoons, plates, boxes, etc. By connecting parts together with glue or plasticine (it is possible to connect different materials with each other), children get interesting toys. Construction from natural materials: Natural materials can be used as construction materials for children’s games, starting from the second youngest group. This is, first of all, sand, snow, and water. From raw sand, children build a road, a house, a slide using molds (sandboxes) - pies, etc. At an older age, children freeze colored water, preparing colored pieces of ice with which to decorate the area. They make a slide, a house, a snowman, and animal figurines from snow.

Using natural material in my work, I introduce children to its properties, they learn to fill their free time with interesting activities. They learn that sand is free-flowing, but you can sculpt from raw sand, water can be poured into different dishes, and in the cold it freezes, etc. From branches, bark, leaves, chestnuts, cones, nut shells, straw, acorns, seeds etc., you can create entire compositions. By creating forest animals and trees, we immerse children in the world of play. The peculiarity of crafts made from this material is that its natural shape is used. Quality and expressiveness are achieved by the ability to notice similarities in natural materials with objects of reality, and to enhance this similarity and expressiveness by additional processing using tools. This activity is especially important for the development of imagination in a child. The list of different types of construction in kindergarten shows that each of them has its own characteristics. However, the basics of activity are the same: in each, the child reflects objects of the surrounding world, creates a material product, the result of children's activity is intended mainly for practical use.

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Regulations on the inspection of design centers in preschool educational institutions

Approved by the Head of the Medical Educational Institution No. ____ ___________/______________

Pedagogical council No. 1 dated 24.08. 2021

Regulations on the “Design Centers” show

in MADOU No.___________ for the 2017-2018 academic year

Target:

Creating conditions in preschool educational institutions for the development of cognitive, research and productive (constructive) activities and artistic and creative abilities of children.

Objectives of the review:

• Replenish and update the supply of design centers.
• To contribute to improving the level of equipment of the developing subject-spatial environment of preschool educational institutions.
• To promote the development of the creative potential of preschool teachers.
• To improve the professional skills of teachers on the development of design skills in preschoolers.
• Help strengthen the connection between the preschool educational institution and the family.

Participants of the review:

Teachers and parents of all kindergarten groups, qualified specialists, and a senior teacher take part in the review.

commission
:

• _______________
• _______________
• _______________
• _______________
• _______________

Organization and procedure for the review:

The review is held on March 12-13, 2018.

Criteria for evaluation:

0—no criterion; 0.5 - partially present; 1-present in full. The maximum number of points is 5.

The results of the review of design centers are taken into account in teacher activity cards when distributing incentive payments.

“The role of construction in the development of a preschool child”

Author: Kulikova Svetlana Vladimirovna, Vorontsova Irina Aleksandrovna

The role of construction in the development of a preschool child.

The term “construction” comes from the Latin word construere, which means creating a model, constructing, putting into a certain order and the relationship of various objects, parts, elements.

Design is a practical activity aimed at obtaining a preconceived product. Children's construction is closely related to play and meets the interests of children.

Construction plays an important role in the overall mental development of the child, meets the interests and needs of children, and is cognitive and creative in nature. In the process of constructive activity, the foundations of volitional behavior are formed in the child, and thus, design activities contribute to the development of personal readiness for school.

In design, not only the direction towards achieving a certain goal is improved, but also the child’s visual perception of objects in the surrounding world. It becomes more focused; the prerequisites are created for acquiring the ability, already at preschool age, to carry out a deeper visual analysis of the model, without resorting to real dismemberment. Thus, the ability to compare and perform visual analysis is formed, including the thinking process in the process of perception.

There are two types of design: technical - this is design from building material (wooden painted or unpainted parts of geometric shape); constructing constructors from parts that have different fastening methods; construction from large-sized modular blocks and an artistic type of construction, which includes construction from paper and construction from natural materials.

Games and activities with a constructor allow a child to develop perseverance, a desire for knowledge, the ability to plan his activities and achieve results in activities that are interesting for a child.

In the process of learning to design, conditions are created for the development of creative skills, generalized methods of action are developed, and the ability to examine objects. The child learns to plan work, learns to control his actions, and correct the mistakes he has made. In this way, the design process becomes organized.

Also, the child remembers the correct geometric names of the parts of the construction kit and learns about the features of geometric bodies.

Construction contributes to the development of a child’s speech, since in the process of work he shares his ideas and motivates them.

Design plays an important role in the formation of the moral qualities of a child’s personality. It contributes to the formation of such valuable personality qualities as independence, organization, responsibility, initiative. It also develops willpower, restraint, the ability to listen to the teacher’s explanation and work in accordance with his instructions, coordinate actions with other children, and overcome difficulties in achieving the goal.

Purposeful and systematic teaching of design to a child plays a big role in preparing children for school.
It contributes to the formation of the ability to learn, reveals to him that the main meaning of activity is not only in obtaining results, but also in acquiring knowledge and skills. Such a cognitive motive causes significant changes in mental processes. These changes consist mainly in the ability to voluntarily control one’s cognitive processes, to achieve a certain level of development of mental operations, and the ability to systematically perform mental work necessary for the conscious assimilation of knowledge. comments powered by HyperComments