Dandelion plant. Description, features, medicinal properties and uses of dandelion

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Dandelion

In spring, when the sun shines brightly and the grass turns green in the fields and meadows, an amazing flower appears - the dandelion.
Although it is considered too simple and ordinary a flower, it is quite unique and interesting. The yellow, fluffy flower decorates forests and meadows with its presence. With its sweet, discreet beauty it pleases not only humans, but also the inhabitants of nature. Dandelion appears too early, when many other flowers have not yet grown. This plays a big role in the life of bees. It is the dandelion that feeds them with its nectar until the main honey plants appear among the clearings. When the time comes for the dandelion to bloom, a white, fluffy cap appears in place of its yellow flower. As soon as the first light breeze blows, the cap takes off and rushes around the area, scattering its seeds everywhere. In those places where the dandelion seeds fell, a new yellow flower will grow next year. Thanks to such frequent flights, the dandelion was able to spread throughout almost the entire territory of the planet. We can say that dandelion is one of the tenacious plants. Many summer residents do not like it and try to get rid of it by all means. Still, dandelion is one of the useful and medicinal plants on Earth. People have found widespread use for this flower. In medicine, various diseases are treated with the help of dandelion. After all, it has many properties. Dandelion stems and leaves are added to the salad. People have learned to make delicious jam from flowers. Dandelion is also used in cosmetology. Moisturizing masks are made from it.

Not only bees love dandelion; butterflies and bumblebees often live on it. Dandelion honey is the thickest, most delicious and aromatic. There are many species of this plant in nature. It can be found in almost every country in the world. Only dandelion does not grow in cold countries. After all, this plant loves warmth and sunlight. Every year, new dandelion flowers will continue to delight us and the animals.

Description and features

Dandelion belongs to the Asteraceae family and is a herbaceous perennial. The scientific name of its species is dandelion officinalis , pharmaceutical or ordinary. In Russia, almost two hundred species of dandelions are known in nature, about a hundred of them are considered medicinal.

The sound in Russian of “dandelion” is the same root word from the verb “to blow”: due to the slight movement of air, parachute seeds are torn from the basket and moved to a new place.

Each dandelion seed is a dry achene fruit attached to a thin rod with a parachute. Once in the ground, they immediately begin to germinate.

The dandelion root has a tap-like appearance with branches; it is relatively thick, reaching up to 50 cm deep into the soil. There are rings of milky passages on it; they can be seen under a magnifying glass.

Dandelion leaves come out of the rosette. Each pinnately dissected leaf blade has a groove in the middle to collect moisture. If the dandelion lives in a comfortable place, the leaves grow up to 40-50 cm; on dry soil - no more than 20 cm.

An arrow shoots out of the rosette - it is a tubular hollow stem with an inflorescence at the end. A dandelion flower is not just one flower, but a whole basket of bright tubular flowers with fused petals and stamens.

Dandelion is a unique natural barometer and clock. In the afternoon, at 3 p.m., or in humid weather, before rain, the “barometer” baskets are hidden, protecting the pollen from moisture. At 6 am and clear weather they open their yellow heads again.

The healing properties of dandelion are beyond doubt.
It is contraindicated only in cases of acute blockage in the bile ducts, with increased levels of hydrochloric acid and with chronic problems in the gastrointestinal tract. Signs that you need to pay attention to and stop taking it: vomiting and diarrhea.

Planting and propagation

A dandelion has every chance of growing in any place where its seed fell: along paths, in pastures, fields, near ponds, in gardens and orchards. Dandelion blooms actively from May to June.

When the air warms up to +2°C, the seeds are already capable of germination. During the season, each dandelion bush produces more than 10 thousand seeds, from which new plants will grow, having safely overwintered in the ground.

In addition to the seed method of propagation, dandelion also has new shoots that grow from buds from the root collar. Dandelion produces shoots at the end of April and this process continues throughout the summer season. Thus, no special planting of dandelions is required.

Dandelion is incredibly resilient and has innate adaptation mechanisms. It cannot be trampled down, drowned out, or crowded out by any other plants.

Dandelion rhizomes contain many beneficial substances. The roots are removed from the ground for harvesting raw materials in spring or autumn by hand. In summer, its roots are not collected, since they have little healing powers. They are returned to the place that has already been used no earlier than after 2 years.

The soil is cleared from the roots, the above-ground parts of the plant and the thinnest branches are removed, and washed in cool water. Next, they are dried for several days on an open veranda so that the milky juice stops flowing.

Pictured are dandelion roots

Next, the usual drying takes place in a warm, shady room. The layers are laid out no more than 5 cm. The finished raw materials are dry, brittle dandelion roots that lie quietly in bags for up to five years.

During the period of active growth, dandelion juice is also prepared, the dandelion is cut and soaked in cold salt water for 30 minutes. This procedure reduces the bitterness in the extracted juice. The juice is squeezed out of the leaves. It is also preserved in alcohol for future use (1:1).

Dandelion Report

At school, a child may be asked to prepare a report or a short story about a dandelion. To make a message on a given topic interesting, it is recommended to adhere to a certain plan:

An introduction that should consist of a few sentences about why dandelion is a valuable plant.
The main part of the text can be divided into several paragraphs. It should provide a general description of the plant, its significance in folk medicine and the most interesting facts related to the culture. In addition, we can name the main types of dandelions, providing brief information on each of them.
The conclusion should be similar in length and style to the introduction, no more than 2-3 sentences.

The story itself can be narrative in nature, including not only useful information, but also interesting legends and mysterious facts related to the plant in question. To complete the picture, it makes sense to attach bright photos or drawings depicting a dandelion to the message.

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Uses and medicinal properties of dandelion

Let's take a closer look at the basic properties of dandelion, which help solve a huge number of health problems. Eating dandelion is very beneficial.

Any livestock, animals and birds are happy to eat the freshest and wilted dandelion leaves and flowers. New leaves are placed in healthy vitamin salads.

Dandelion leaves are edible

If we talk about the “culinary abilities” of dandelion, then in addition to salads, refreshing drinks and jams that taste like honey are made from it, the buds are even pickled, and then put in first courses and salads.

Only young plants are suitable for food. In the inflorescences and leaf blades, scientists found: carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamins B and P, mineral salts, ferrous elements, calcium, phosphorus, manganese, copper, boron and some other elements.

Dandelion honey is always golden in color, very thick, viscous, crystallizes quickly, has a strong aroma and sharp taste. It contains 35% glucose and 41% fructose. Bees bring nectar from dandelions rarely and in small quantities.

Pictured is dandelion honey

Dandelion roots contain up to 24% insulin and fatty oil, so when fried they can easily replace coffee substitute, like chicory, elecampane and earthen pear. The home medicine cabinet has long had dandelion as an appetite stimulant.

Use of dandelion for medicinal purposes

Genitourinary or excretory system: dandelion acts as a diuretic, removes stones from the kidneys and gall bladder, and eliminates swelling.
Respiratory system: dandelion works well as a cough remedy and cures tuberculosis.
Gastrointestinal tract: dandelion copes with catarrh, gastritis, acts as a laxative for constipation, reduces the level of fermentation and colitis.
Circulatory system and heart: dandelion solves liver problems, eliminates anemia, anemia, atherosclerosis.
Skeletal and muscular system: dandelion solves problems with joint diseases, spine and bones, eliminates arthritis and rheumatism.

Endocrine system: dandelion solves problems with diabetes.
Nervous system: dandelion relieves paralysis, increases performance, tone and immunity of the body, helps with anorexia.
Skin: dandelion is a wound healing agent, complements paresis treatment programs; in cosmetology, dandelion juice is taken to remove warts, eczema, and skin pigmentation.
Intoxication and poisoning: dandelion neutralizes poisons from insect bites and actively participates in the elimination of toxins.
Dandelion is an antiparasitic agent.
Dandelion is a natural lactostimulant during breastfeeding.
Dandelion – perfectly reduces heat in the body, destroys viruses, relieves spasms and reduces pain.

Interesting facts and legends

Dandelion is a very interesting plant that was well known in ancient times. Thus, bright flower heads, resembling the sun, were held in special esteem by the Chinese, Slavic pagans and representatives of many other peoples and cultures. Interesting facts about culture don’t end there:

In nature, there are not only yellow, but also cream, greenish and even pink dandelion flowers, the properties of which do not change depending on the color.
The so-called Russian variety of the crop, which grows on the territory of the Russian Federation, is Dandelion officinalis, although other species of this class are also less common.
Spring pollination of dandelions produces large quantities of honey with a beautiful golden or dark amber hue. But the taste of this product is not the best due to its pronounced bitterness.
Dried dandelion leaves are one of the favorite treats of rabbits, mice, hamsters, chinchillas and other rodents.
Plant extracts are actively used in cosmetology, having a powerful whitening and anti-pigment effect. In addition, using a mask made from fresh leaves of the plant will thoroughly moisturize the skin and rejuvenate it at the cellular level.
More recently, a rubber-bearing variety of dandelions, which is endemic, was identified on the slopes of the Tien Shan. During the research process, it was proven that its roots contain about 20 percent of raw materials, so today the issue of breeding the variety for rubber extraction is being considered.
It is no secret that dandelions are a malicious weed, which can only be gotten rid of by cultivating the soil with cutting tools during its active budding.

There are many interesting legends associated with the plant. For example, in Rus' it was believed that in ancient times the flower was valued by people and nature, giving them beauty and life to the bees who made honey from dandelion pollen. And so it lasted until an evil horde came to Russian land, enslaving all living things except the dandelion, which did not want to obey, hiding its flowers and hanging its head to the ground.

Over time, the evil forces left Rus', but the plant was never able to forget this horror, rising towards the sun's rays and immediately descending as soon as bad weather fell on the ground. For a long time, people told this and many other stories to their children, but after many years they were forgotten.

Dandelion Recipes

buy ready-made dandelion raw materials for recipes at the pharmacy. Dandelion salad is difficult to make. Cut fresh dandelion leaves into thin strips, add salt, season with sour cream or olive oil. You can complicate the recipe with onions, grated carrots and lemon juice.

Normalization of appetite. Powder from dandelion roots in a volume of two teaspoons is poured into one glass of boiled cold water, the mixture is kept for eight hours. It is enough to drink a third of a glass three times a day before meals.

Dandelion for insect bites. Fresh dandelion leaves are crushed, ground and the fresh mushy mass is placed on the bite for 2-3 hours under a sterile bandage.

Wart removal and facial care. Young warts are reduced by rubbing with fresh dandelion juice. Wipe the face with the resulting decoction. It is prepared from 2 tablespoons of dandelion leaves and 2 glasses of water, the mixture is boiled for a quarter of an hour, filtered and cooled.

Dandelion can also be helpful for constipation. A powder is prepared from dried dandelion roots and ground in a mortar. Use the powder up to three times a day, half a teaspoon.

Improved metabolism. A tincture that improves metabolic processes is made from dry dandelion roots. 1 spoon of crushed roots is poured into a glass of boiling water. The container is wrapped and waited for two hours.

Pass through a strainer. Drink a third of a glass four times a day, half an hour before meals. When choosing dandelion as a supplement to treatment, consulting a doctor is necessary!

Dandelion! Why, you look like a cloud!

Short poems about dandelion for children 3-4 years old

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Along the path, a dandelion dropped its yellow sundress. Became fluffy, like fluff: - Brothers! How swollen I am! N. Turovaya

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I was the Radiant Sun. I became a Fluffy Cloud.

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Dandelion! How much do you look like a cloud? It’s scary even to look: No matter how much the cloud blows away! G. Vieru

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The yellow dandelion took off his sundress, and replaced his boring dress with a white, airy one. N. Nekhaeva

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I am a dandelion, a sunny boy, reaching for the sun with my golden head. With a fair wind On a parachute I can even fly around the globe!

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Under the fence, on the lawn According to the latest style, Dandelion grew and grew. I feel sorry for him to the point of tears - The wind carried away his hat. T. Andreeva

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The dandelion has grown round, the dandelion has fluffed up! I had a green sundress and changed into a fur coat overnight! It’s very hot in the summer in a fur coat, The breeze helped the flower: It flew over, leaving it in the skirt - It will only be chilly at night. A. Weiner

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 The breeze got wild: It blew strongly, skillfully... And the white dandelion took flight! N. Melnik

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The cheerful and funny Yellow DANDELION opened its bright caftan under the bright sun. M. Blinnikova

Dandelion

The cat saw a fluffy sunbeam right next to the path. The baby shakes her carved palm, Laughs - No, I’m M. Blinnikov’s dandelion

We are changing

White dandelion, land here! Take my ball, Give me your parachute! A. Pysin

Umbrellas

— How to make three hundred umbrellas? The boy asked his mother. She answered him: “Blow on a dandelion.” R. Seph

What is the dandelion thinking about?

If you believe and dream, if you are obedient, then over the summer you can become a balloon! Yu. Kushak

Poem about a wreath of dandelions

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How many dandelions are in yellow sundresses! They circle around the clearing and are very friendly with the sun. We will weave wreaths from them for both mother and daughter. N. Golubeva

He is a small portrait of the big sun...

Very beautifully written poems about dandelion by such authors as Alexandrova, Blaginina, Serova, Vysotskaya.

Dandelion

The sun dropped a golden ray. The dandelion grew, the first one, young. It has a wonderful golden color. He is a big sun Small portrait. O. Vysotskaya

Dandelion

How cool it is in the spruce thicket! I am carrying flowers in an armful. White-headed dandelion, Do you feel good in the forest?

You grow at the very edge, You stand in the very heat. Cuckoos crow over you, Nightingales sing at dawn.

And a fragrant wind blows, And drops leaves on the grass. Dandelion, fluffy flower, I will quietly pick you.

I'll rip you off, honey, can I? And then I'll take it home. ...The wind blew carelessly - My dandelion flew around.

Look what a blizzard it is in the middle of a hot day! And the fluffs fly, sparkling, on the flowers, on the grass, on me. E. Blaginina

Dandelion

Wears a dandelion yellow sundress. When he grows up, he will dress up in a little white dress: Light, Airy, Obedient to the Wind E. Serova

Dandelion, the whole world, round like the earth...

Dandelion poems by Russian poets may be a little challenging for your little ones, but older children will appreciate the beauty of the poetic lines.

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June has arrived. "June! June!" — Birds are chirping in the garden. Just blow on a dandelion and it will all fly away. Samuel Marshak

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... Moment after moment, star-shaped snowflakes curl in the Sky, Fall with the wind to the Earth, and lie like a white layer, But snowflakes cherish a dream, then - flower fluffs, Delicate, fresh dandelion with wet Spring. K. Balmont

Gray dandelion

Dandelion, the whole world, Round as the earth, You call me to a feast, Silver fields.

You will turn grey, you will fade, you will all fly away. But melancholy and fears are lies, Happiness is forever here.

You will turn grey, but grey-haired Remember your turn. You will be golden again, In the morning, in a year. K. Balmont

Dandelion

Here they are! Silently, silently, the roots prepare white juice, the hollow stem is fed with bitter milk.

And again, silently, silently, They skillfully close, And under the red cap, a white holiday is ripening.

All yards will be renewed, every single lawn. Beautiful balls, Cheerful gray hairs.

A light sigh or a breeze - Pooh flies after a handful of handfuls. And a circle will remain, like a thimble. V. Berestov

Dandelion

Parachutists Made of fluffy balls Over a colorful summer meadow Parachutists are flying, chasing each other. As soon as they touch the ground, they fall asleep, as if on a sofa. And in the spring they will wake up... And there will be dandelions! I. Tokmakova

Dandelion

The roadside dandelion was like the golden sun, but it faded and became like fluffy white smoke.

You fly over a warm meadow and over a quiet river. I will wave my hand after you for a long time, as a friend.

You carry Golden seeds on the wings of the wind, So that spring will return to us with a sunny dawn. V. Stepanov

Dandelions

A girl in a green sash fussed about, planting two yellow plantings on the sand.

They don’t even hold on: Isn’t the sand happy for them? And the sun is already in the west and the garden is golden.

“Nasty, stubborn!” - Be silent, little daughter, If the pits are unpleasant to them, We will send the stems away to them.

You see: everything is for the better - Child, have fun, Along the shifting hill Two stars lit up.

Shaggy, saffron stars made of flowers... Well, my beloved, And your garden is ready.

The little legs will jump off, the laughter will pour out, and the night will come - the little god has beds for everyone...

You will fall asleep, angel-girl, in fluff, on your elbow... And two yellow ones are spread out in the sand.

Paratroopers fly from fluffy balls

Poems about dandelion for children 5-6 years old

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On a hot day - a fun carpet! Bees love him very much. The bumblebee hurries from afar to the amber flower. Dandelion - the cunning dandelion Shines like a clear sun. He puts parachutes on the children - Oduvans. Sends you on your way in the morning, Trusting all the winds. The meadow-sofa turns green, the dandelion falls asleep. L. Dunina

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Cheerful yellow bobbleheads blossomed, and dandelions covered our land. They show off their curious, cute little faces, and try to be friends with different bugs. Soon, very soon, These dandelions will replace their yellow miracle sundresses. Earth suns will become snow-white, Light, airy, tender balls.

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A bright yellow dandelion was chilled all over in the rain, and when it dried out in the sun, it could not recognize itself: it turned white and swollen, and crumbled like fluff. A swarm of fluff flew over the quiet grass, over the fence, over the river, over the meadow path, to the cheerful cry of the children: “Parachutes are flying!” S. Shushkevich

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At my grandmother's dacha we picked all the dandelions to make jam for my mother on her birthday.

We boldly got down to business, And the work began to boil: We closed a lot of jars - They gave them to Mom and relatives.

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As soon as the sun warmed up, along the path in a row, the flowers dressed up in their sunny outfit. They bask in the sun, bathe in dew, glow like stars, in the short grass. Time flies and the flower turns into a bubble! I blew softly on it - And it’s not in the palm of my hand! L. Aleynikova

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He grew up today Right on the path - Yellow dandelion, Sun on a leg! Soon he dressed up in new clothes: He became white, airy - A cloud on a leg! The breeze scattered all the fluffy crumbs. He's gone bald, poor thing, a button on a leg... D. Elovikova

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Near the ditch, in the green grass, the dandelion became depressed, the white light is not pleasant to him. It’s not easy to keep Sheika’s voluminous hairstyle thin, I don’t have the strength! Dandelion is sad. The sea cried tears. The wind saved me from grief - It blew once and in an instant Dandelion was tonsured! A. Kanin

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One morning summer came out for a walk, splashing splashes of sunlight. Where the Golden Bunny touched the ground, the Yellow Dandelion immediately woke up. At first they were all golden, and then suddenly they became white and gray. The wind blows light fluffs - It seems that in the summer snowflakes are spinning. I will pick a bouquet of clouds on a stem, I will hide them from the wind on my window. N. Radchenko

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On the lawn, where the bushes are, Bright yellow flowers woke up with the sun, stretched sweetly.

The mosquitoes were surprised: There are no flowers, only balls, Delicate, fluffy, Light silver.

A breeze ran past, The wind shook the balloons, And a row of parachutes flies behind them. N. Chuprova

How sweetly the little girl Serafima Karpova reads a poem about an “airy” flower! She seems to feel a dandelion and asks the flower if she can pick it and take it home.

Description and features

Popular message topics

Planting and propagation

Dandelion Report

Uses and medicinal properties of dandelion

Interesting facts and legends

Dandelion Recipes

Dandelion! Why, you look like a cloud!

Dandelion

We are changing

Umbrellas

What is the dandelion thinking about?

Poem about a wreath of dandelions

He is a small portrait of the big sun...

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Dandelion, the whole world, round like the earth...

Gray dandelion

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Paratroopers fly from fluffy balls