Do-it-yourself non-standard physical education equipment in kindergarten
Content
It is very important for every parent that in kindergarten the child not only spends time when adults are busy, but also develops. To do this, we will make non-standard equipment for physical education and our children will achieve high results.
It is before school age that all vital processes in the body are formed in a child. Therefore, physical education classes and children's educational games are of great importance in kindergarten. In this article you will find useful tips on how to create original objects for children's development. The most important thing is that they are created with your own hands from available materials that can be found in every home and are completely safe. And most importantly, if you are a resourceful and active parent, you can even make such masterpieces for the development of your baby at home or in the country.
1. Walkway for the prevention of flat feet. It is made very simply from everything you can find. For example, from egg trays (for better perception, each tray is painted a separate color), or plastic lids. You can also use other materials for such tracks: strands, beads, buttons, etc.
2. To prevent coordination. You can build a balance beam from wood.
3. To develop fine motor skills. Various winding sticks are made. These are ordinary wooden sticks, where one end of a rope or ribbon is tied, and on the opposite side some trinket.
4. To develop dexterity. You can build two towers from durable material and mugs from plastic boxes from kinders. Or make balls from socks filled with sand and plastic targets. The main task of the baby is to hit the target, you can complicate the tasks according to the color purpose. You can use plastic bottles (to make pins out of them) and the same bags of sand for throwing at the pins.
5. To develop breathing, bottles with a straw inside are made. The bottle contains foam. When the child blows into the tube, the foam will rise. Or a table football field for blowing paper balls into the opponent’s goal.
6. To develop dexterity and synchronize movements, use the game “Catch the Ball.” They are made from a plastic bottle and a ball (kinder base) on a string.
7. To prevent visual impairment - a visual track.
8. For physical exercise: dumbbells made from plastic bottles, jump ropes made from yogurt bottles and shoelaces, and a metal bow.
Non-standard physical education equipment, with the right approach, will help a child develop and grow even in kindergarten. Make it yourself and contribute to the future of your children.
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Non-traditional physical education equipment (do-it-yourself)
"Magic rug"
This equipment is made of plastic bottles with caps based on drape fabric.
Designed for barefoot walking, correction and prevention of flat feet, hardening. It is used for physical exercises, during wake-up exercises, and joint sports events with parents.
"Footprints and palms"
This equipment is made from pieces of linoleum.
Used for outdoor activities and entertainment, to reinforce the concepts: “right leg”, “left leg”, “right hand”, “left hand”. Promotes the development of coordination of movement, memory, dexterity, strengthening the muscles of the legs and arms, attention.
"Breeze in a Bottle"
This manual is made from a plastic bottle, colored paper, and cocktail straws.
Used for breathing exercises. Develops respiratory organs.
"Sultans"
Made from sticks and colored ribbons and ribbons.
Designed for performing general developmental exercises, breathing exercises, organizing outdoor games, and competition games. Promotes the development of respiratory organs and trunk muscles.
"Bilboke"
Made from plastic bottles, fishing line, Kinder Surprise capsules, for decoration: colored adhesive paper.
Designed to hit the target. Develops eye, attention, reaction speed, manual dexterity.
"Sports cubes"
Made of plastic cubes, paper with silhouettes of a person performing various exercises.
Intended for use in independent play activities, organized educational activities, and for working at home with parents. Helps strengthen body muscles, develop general developmental exercises, attention, coordination of movements, and speed of reaction.
"Nimble Mouse"
Made from a ball, a mat glued to a wooden base, a spring, and a mouse toy.
Designed to hit the target for playing individually, in pairs, or as a team. Develops eye, attention, reaction speed, manual dexterity.
Expander
Made from five-liter plastic cans and elastic.
Designed to develop strength.
Dumbbells
Made from plastic bottles, colored tape and sand (or other material for filling them).
Designed to develop strength.
Multi-colored balls
Made from small plastic bottles, filled with colored rain, candy wrappers, etc.
Designed to perform general developmental exercises, basic types of movements, massage and self-massage, prevention of flat feet, development of fine motor skills, used as substitute objects for role-playing games.
Tunnel
Made from aluminum hoop and thick fabric.
Designed for climbing. Used in outdoor games, when performing basic types of movement, in role-playing games.
Walkers
Made from painted wooden blocks and clothesline.
Designed to perform basic types of movement, to develop movement coordination, and for independent play activities.
Sports bags
Made of thick fabric and filled with beans, you can use other filler (small pebbles, beads, peas, etc.)
Designed to perform general developmental exercises, basic types of movements, massage and self-massage, and prevention of flat feet.
dohcolonoc.ru
Cheat sheets for exams and tests
| See also... |
| Methods of physical education and development of preschool children part 2 |
| Sport exercises |
| Individual work with a child |
| Skating lessons |
| Roller skating |
| Teaching preschoolers to ski. |
| Skiing technique |
| Objectives of learning to ski in different age groups |
| Ski training |
| Physical education classes at preschool educational institutions. |
| Hygienic requirements |
| Preparing a teacher to conduct a lesson |
| Medical and pedagogical control |
| Physical and psychological stress in classes and methods of regulating it. |
| General and motor density of the lesson |
| Organization and content of outdoor physical education classes. |
| Outdoor lesson structure and duration |
| Features of conducting physical education classes in different age groups. |
| Non-traditional forms of conducting physical education classes with preschool children. |
| Morning exercises at a preschool educational institution. |
| Gymnastics after sleep |
| Physical education minutes |
| Types of physical education minutes |
| Recommendations for conducting physical education sessions |
| Examples of physical education minutes |
| Forms of active recreation in preschool educational institutions. Physical education holidays and leisure. |
| Party host |
| Vacations and health days in preschool educational institutions. |
| Pedagogical requirements for organizing holidays in kindergarten |
| The simplest tourism. |
| Methodology for organizing tourist excursions |
| Contents of tourist walks |
| Forms of kindergarten work with parents on physical education. The importance of interaction between preschool educational institutions and families |
| Physical education equipment. |
| Planning work on physical education in preschool educational institutions. |
| Approximate distribution of basic movements |
| Physical education lesson plan |
| Rules for recording physical exercises |
| Brief description of the “Childhood” program by V.I. Loginova. Contents of the section “Raising children strong, healthy, cheerful” (Babaeva T.N., Notkina N.A.) |
| Brief description of the “Origins” program. Contents of the sections “Physical development” and “Health” (Runova M.A.) |
| Young child |
| Older child |
| Organization of sectional and circle work with children in physical education. |
| Individual approach to physical education of preschool children: taking into account health status; taking into account the level of physical fitness; taking into account the nature of physical activity. |
| Job responsibilities of the head of physical education |
| Basic qualities, skills and abilities of a physical education specialist |
| Design of the method room |
| All Pages |
Page 34 of 47
Physical education equipment. (Meaning, types, requirements for physical education equipment; rational placement, options for use; techniques for increasing the efficiency of using physical education equipment; storage of physical education equipment; non-traditional physical education equipment).
Physical education equipment plays an important role in increasing the effectiveness of physical education: equipment, manuals, toys. It is selected in accordance with the requirements for it on the basis of medical and pedagogical research.
Physical education equipment promotes the development of basic movements , for example, when learning to jump, objects for jumping are used: cords, cubes, hurdles; a gymnastic plinth box is used when teaching how to jump onto a hill, jump from a height; attributes for outdoor games with jumping: “Catch a mosquito”, “Fishing rod”, etc.
Physical education equipment is selected based on the age characteristics and physical fitness of children , and the tasks gradually become more complicated.
Thus, climbing exercises are first carried out on inclined ladders, low vertical ladders, then on gymnastic walls, rope ladders, poles, ropes, etc.
For balance exercises, long cords, a set of boards of different lengths and widths, brick planks, inclined boards, gymnastic benches of different heights are used; on the plots there are stumps, logs of different heights, etc.
Equipment is also taking into account age . For example, early age groups use playpen barriers, movable supports, bridges with railings, which improve the baby’s walking. Some aids used in younger groups are used in older groups to improve movements.
A variety of equipment can be used to reinforce and improve basic movements:
rocking bridge - walking on a ribbed surface, crawling, crawling, rocking;
hoop - rolling, performing 6 general developmental exercises, throwing (vertically suspended or placed on the floor);
slats - convenient for strengthening a horizontal string, on which balls mounted on vertical strings are placed, for training a child when learning to play tennis;
cords - suspended at different heights, used to perform exercises of jumping, stepping, climbing, crawling, etc.
Physical education equipment allows you to expand the range of exercises that form and improve motor skills , for example, throwing at various targets (vertical, horizontal, moving, agile, swinging); ring throwing: ring throwing located at different heights; exercises in pairs, subgroups, in a circle.
To perform general developmental exercises, the following are used: ribbons, scarves, bars, plumes, pinwheels, etc., which increases their effect on the body.
Specially selected aids : sticks, poles, cords, large hoops, toys make it possible to specifically influence individual muscle groups. For example, the development of the hand and fingers is facilitated by hand expanders, massage balls, health balls, mosaics and other objects. Exercises with objects that provide different ways of gripping are useful: flags, hoops, sticks, etc.
To strengthen the foot muscles , massage mats, ball exercise machines, rollers, sticks, ropes, rings, balls that are grabbed by the toes, as well as ribbed boards of various designs are used. Paths with different surfaces (sand, pebbles, grass, etc.) are arranged on the site.
Exercises using physical education equipment develop psychophysical qualities : agility - when running between cubes and pins; eye - in the games serso, ring throw, ringo, shieldball, etc.; strength - during tug of war, exercises on the crossbar, etc.
Daily exercises in the group and on the field with the ball play an important role in the development of the eye and coordination of movements.
The use of balls of different sizes significantly increases psychophysical development, affects the development of brain structures, and improves the health of the body. Along with a child’s mastery of the “ball school,” which promotes his diversified development, relieves muscle tension, and corrects his psychophysical and emotional state, in recent years special rehabilitation balls have appeared in preschool institutions: hoppers, fitballs, etc. They contribute to the development and correction of posture and accuracy , strengthen the back muscles and increase their role in maintaining balance, improving the mobility of the spine and vestibular system; improving the general condition of the body.
The spherical surface of the ball allows the child to take different positions when practicing with it: lying on his stomach, back, side, etc., while children are protected from possible injury.
Properly selected equipment allows you to gradually increase physical activity, perform exercises with a fixed body position on apparatus, walls, slides , etc.
Let us list the main benefits used that allow:
1) swing sitting and standing alone, standing together; jump off; swing on a swing with two seats - swing;
2) slide down a slide while sitting, lying on your back; slide like a train; climb a hill by crawling or running; slide on your stomach (feet down, head down) - slide;
3) perform hangs on the bar; jump, grasping with hands; hang on outstretched arms, pull yourself up; hang on the crossbar, grasping with your hands and feet; turning over backwards, hanging on your feet; “swing” for two; flips forward and backward, rise above the bar, raising your legs above your head back - crossbar;
4) climb, descend, jump; moving sideways, climbing through the lower and upper cells of the structure, walking along the top of the structure at full height - a structure made of posts and crossbars;
5) climb the structure; flips back and forth, wrapping the hem of the skirt around the bar; flips forward and backward, throwing one leg onto the bar; repeated flips, raising your legs above your head - a rotating structure;
6) hanging on outstretched arms, jumping, grasping with hands, - U-shaped stairs ;
7) walking on water; crawling; crocodile crawling; splashing water; dangle your legs while lying on your chest or holding the side with your hands; swimming with aids; swimming a specified distance with aids; with your head under water; swimming without aids with a float - pool;
climb up on your hands and knees, crawl up; run up and down; sliding down - artificial embankment;
9) hide, squat, crawl, squat, crawl on all fours - tunnel (pipe);
10) jumping; crawling, walking sideways, walking straight - a log;
11) crawl between the crossbars; crawling on all fours, on your feet at full height; go down and up an inclined ladder; hang on your elbows; hang on outstretched arms, on arms and legs - a ladder .
For sports exercises and games, cross-country skis are purchased in three sizes and short ones for sliding down hills; skates; sleds with backs, sleds for older children of various designs; roller Skates; rackets for table and tennis, badminton, balls and shuttlecocks; basketballs or rubber balls with good bounce, sets of towns and bats; serso, ring throws, etc.
Large equipment is placed in the gym : a gymnastic wall, ladders (with a hook), gymnastic benches, ramps, boards, etc. It is important that children have free access to equipment and the necessary space for outdoor games.
Small physical education aids (balls, small pins, etc., pendants for hoops, stands for sticks and hoops) and stands for games are stored in built-in cabinets or a specially designated room near the hall.
In the group rooms of a preschool institution there is a physical education zone , where small equipment, attributes, toys, hoops, jump ropes, cords and other aids are located that activate the child’s independent motor activity.
The physical training ground is equipped with a turf field for general developmental exercises and outdoor games, a treadmill , a jumping pit, backboards for hitting the ball, obstacle courses, and an area for sports games.
For ball games (badminton, tennis) a joint court .
The stands have a device for lowering the mesh. Wooden blocks or metal profiles with wheels are attached to the wall. Racks can consist of pipes of different sizes and diameters (4 and 5; 6 and 7 cm), they extend one from the other or are mounted on hinges. The height of the net in the upper position is determined by the level of the child’s raised hand plus 10 cm, for playing badminton - 120-130 cm, for playing tennis the net is suspended 3-5 cm from the ground.
For playing basketball, the court is made half the size compared to an adult one . There should be several boards with rings at different heights on the sideline to teach children the elements of the game. Here you can install a heliball, shieldball, and ringo .
Tennis tables are made folding and their height can be adjusted using the legs. The lid consists of two panels connected by piano hinges, the table legs are combined in pairs and made folding. Rackets should have a mass of 120-130 g.
To teach swimming, inflatable splashing and swimming pools are built or purchased .
In winter, they arrange snow banks, labyrinths, obstacle courses, snow paths (it’s good if they are colored), slides, a snow fortress with holes for throwing snowballs or balls, etc.
An ice skating rink is being installed, a ski track is being laid, and a place is allocated for playing hockey.
Group sites provide space for physical exercise . The equipment of the site includes game and plot design, meets the age characteristics of the child, and promotes the activation of the child’s independent motor activity.
Physical education equipment is made durable, safe for children, bright and aesthetically pleasing .
Non-traditional equipment can be used for physical education. For example:
Tunnels - the hoop is stuffed with fabric, the other end is free
Purpose of use : develops coordination of movements, dexterity, courage, the ability to climb on all fours, leaning on the palms and knees in a confined space, orientate in it.
Hemp - : natural cuts of different heights
Purpose of use : strengthening the basic types of movement: jumping, walking, running
Blog of Elena Ishimova: Non-traditional physical education equipment
Another Health Month event in our kindergarten is a competition of non-standard physical education equipment.
It was enough to imagine one thing, but having discovered a lot of interesting ideas on the Internet, I wanted many! Therefore, without inventing anything, we repeated an already existing experience. Having tried our simulators on children, I agree that the colorful multifunctional aids delight children! They enrich motor experience, allow you to diversify movements in a new, more interesting form, develop a sense of shape and color, imagination and creativity. Thanks to them, the children's interest in physical education has increased, and all the children join us during exercise! We present to you non-traditional physical education equipment, made from improvised (or simple) materials with your own hands and with the help of parents. Theater "Friends of Moidodyr"
, which will help strengthen children's hygiene skills: Soap, Sponge, Towel, Handkerchief and Microbe. An entertainment script for children with the participation of parents has already been prepared. Unfortunately, I didn't save the link.
“Get into the Cup”
is a guide for developing hand motor skills and eye control, and consolidating knowledge of primary colors. Made from cardboard laminated with tape, plastic bottles and colored self-adhesive tape. Knitted balls are tactile (soft and crunchy). link
“Traps”
- for developing dexterity, attention, reaction speed and eye. link
“Blow a butterfly off a flower”
guide helps to increase breathing volume and develops the ability to perform a smooth, long exhalation. Material: discs, self-adhesive tape, electrical tape, colored paper. link
Manual
"Colorful Snakes"
.
Goal: prevention of flat feet in children, development of fine motor skills, development of mathematical skills. Material: lids, rope. link Tactile bags
made of fabrics of different textures, filled with nuts, pumpkin seeds, pasta and cereals.
"Soft billiards"
and
“The Magic Blanket”
next time. And now I propose to look at the non-traditional physical education aids presented at the competition by other groups.
Soft floor checkers, sand throwing bags, massage button mats, "Golf of the Future", "Twister 0+" with left and right prints, Elephant ring thrower for rolling the ball, Snake, knitted Giraffe ring thrower with a basket for throwing balls, tactile mat for practicing forward bends.
Soft hopscotch, “traps” and “winders” for the development of hand motor skills, braids for doing exercises, “skis” (for two people at a time), stilts, a throwing cell for the smallest ones, a simulator for developing posture, massage gloves,
A trainer for long jumps, and a mat for stretching the muscles of the back and legs (sit on the shore-cushion, spread your legs to the sides and reach for the fish attached to the contact tape)…
A lot of work has been done by teachers and parents of children.
We shared first place with the teachers of the groups “Little Red Riding Hood” and “Cockerel”! HOORAY!!
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An approximate set of physical education equipment for senior and preparatory groups
| Type of equipment | Name | Dimensions, weight | Quantity per group |
| For walking, running, balance | Balancer-top | 1 | |
| Massage mat with marks | 10 | ||
| Short cord (braided) | Length 75 cm | 5 | |
| For jumping | Small hoop | Diameter 55-65 cm | 5 |
| Short jump rope | Length 100-120 cm | 5 | |
| For rolling, throwing, catching | Skittles (set) | 3 | |
| Ring throw (set) | 2 | ||
| Small bag with weight | Weight 150-200 g | 5 | |
| The ball is big | Diameter 18-20 cm | 5 | |
| Large bag with cargo | Weight 400 g | 2 | |
| Mini basketball ball | Weight 0.5 kg | 2 | |
| Weighted ball | Weight 350 g, 500 g, 1 kg | 1 | |
| Massager ball | 2 | ||
| Large hoop | Diameter 100 cm | 2 | |
| Cerso (set) | 2 | ||
| For crawling and climbing | Set of soft modules (6-8 segments) | 1 | |
| For general developmental exercises | Dumbbells for children | 10 | |
| Small ring | Diameter 13 cm | 10 | |
| Short tape | Length 50-60 cm | 10 | |
| The ball is average | Diameter 10-12 cm | 10 | |
| Short gymnastic stick | Length 80 cm | 10 |
General principles for placing materials in a group room.
The main set of equipment and aids is located in the gym, since various types of physical education classes are mainly conducted there.
It is advisable to store equipment for sports games in a sectional cabinet or in closed drawers
We recommend placing hoops, jump ropes, and cords on hooks on one free wall in the group.
Physical education equipment is located in the group so that children can freely approach and use it.
Equipment for a gym
An approximate set of equipment for a gym
| Type of equipment | Name | Dimensions, weight | Quantity per group |
| For walking, running, balance | Balancers of different types | 2 | |
| Gymnastic floor balance beam | Length 240 cm Width of top surface 10 cm Height 15 cm | 2 | |
| Smooth board with hooks | Length 250 cm Width 20 cm Height 3 cm | 2 | |
| Board with ribbed surface | Length 150 cm Width 20 cm Height 3 cm | 2 | |
| Walkway-balancer (floor rope ladder) | Length 23 cm Width 33 cm Diameter of slats 5 cm | 1 | |
| Snake walkway (rope) | Length 200 cm Diameter 6 cm | 2 | |
| Massage mat | 75 x 70 cm | 5 | |
| Small wooden cube | Rib 20 cm | 5 | |
| Soft module (set of 6-8 segments) | 3 | ||
| Gymnastic bench | Length 200-300 cm Width 24 cm Height 25, 30, 40 cm | 3 | |
| For jumping | Children's trampoline | Diameter 100-120 cm | 2 |
| Gymnastics set: hoops, slats, sticks, stands, clamps | 2 | ||
| Disc flat | Diameter 23 cm Height 3 cm | 10 | |
| Path-mat | Length 180 cm | 1 | |
| Gymnastic goat | Height 65 cm Length 40 cm Width 30 cm | 1 | |
| Cone with holes | 10 | ||
| Folding gymnastic mat | Length 200 cm Width 100 cm Height 7 cm | 1 | |
| Mat with markings | Length 190 cm Width 138 cm Height 10 m | 2 | |
| Short jump rope | Length 120-150 cm | 5 | |
| For rolling, throwing, catching | Skittles (set) | 2 | |
| Ring throw (set) | 2 | ||
| Small bag with cargo | Weight 150-200 g | 5 | |
| Mounted target | Length 60 cm Width 60 cm Thickness 1.5 cm | 2 | |
| The ball is average | 10-12 cm | 10 | |
| Weighted ball | Weight 0.5 kg, 1.0 kg | 10 each | |
| Mini basketball ball | 18-20 cm | 5 | |
| Massage ball | Diameter 6-7 cm, 10 cm | 5 each | |
| Set for children's sports games (bag) | 1 | ||
| For crawling and climbing | Arc big | Height 50 cm, Width 50 cm | 5 |
| Arc small | Height 30-40 cm, Width 50 cm | 5 | |
| Rope with knots | Length 230 cm Diameter 2.6 cm Distance. between nodes 38 cm | 1 | |
| Smooth rope | 270-300 cm | 2 | |
| Wooden ladder with hooks | Length 240 cm, Width 40 cm Diameter of crossbars 3 cm Distance. between switches 22-25 cm | 1 | |
| Game labyrinth (6 sections) | 1 | ||
| Rope ladder | Length 270-300 cm Width 40 cm Diameter of crossbars 3 cm | 2 | |
| Wooden gymnastic wall | Height 270 cm Span width 75, 80, 90 cm | 1 | |
| For general developmental exercises | The simplest type of exercise equipment: children’s expanders, “Health” disk, dumbbells, weights | 10 each | |
| The ring is flat | Diameter 18 cm | 10 | |
| The ring is soft | Diameter 13 cm | 10 | |
| Short tape | Length 50-60 cm | 20 | |
| Various massagers: “Hummingbird”, massage ball, “Ring” | 5 each | ||
| Small ball | 6-8 cm | 10 | |
| Weighted ball | Weight 0.3 kg, | 10 | |
| Small hoop | Diameter 54-60 cm | 10 | |
| Short gymnastic stick | Length 75-80 cm | 10 | |
| Gymnastic roller | 10 |
General principles for posting materials
Most of the physical education equipment is located in the physical education and physical education and music halls. The efficiency of equipment use increases significantly with its rational placement. The placement of different pieces of equipment depends on their size and purpose. The gymnastic wall is installed permanently and firmly attached to the wall. It is advisable to purchase it with additional aids: a ladder with hooks, boards, a slide. Ropes, poles, rope ladders are fixed on the ceiling using special devices: hooks, monorail, etc. Large pieces of equipment (soft modules, gymnastic benches, booms, cubes, etc.) are placed along the walls of the room.
For boards and ladders with hooks, a place is provided where they can be hung or placed in such a way as not to interfere with children’s physical activity.
It is advisable to store small physical education equipment (balls, rings, weight bags, cubes, clubs, etc.) in sectional cabinets, on special shelves, racks, and drawers, also located along the walls of the gym. It is best to place hoops, cords, and jump ropes on the walls in different places in the room on special hooks. For stretching nets (for ball games), pulling cords, elastic bands (for hanging small objects, for crawling, jumping over), fastenings in the form of brackets and clamps are convenient. They should be placed in pairs at different levels of opposite walls.
It is advisable to have a mobile “Physical Education Corner” - a cart with various aids: flat hoops, rubber rings, geometric shapes, etc.
Equipment must be located in such a way that children can freely approach it and use it independently. It is advisable to always leave the middle of the hall free for outdoor games and exercises using various aids.
For games and physical education classes, children of the first junior group need to have a basic set of physical education equipment in the group room, since with a large number of groups, children rarely go to classes in the physical education room. In addition, the equipment is not always suitable for children.
To store portable equipment and small play aids, it is advisable to have an additional room located near the gym, which will free up space for children’s physical activity.
If there is free space, it is necessary to create a gym where children's exercise equipment of complex and simple types will be located.
For outdoor games in the hall it is necessary to have a mobile sports corner, a play labyrinth, a “Parachute”, and a mini-stadium.
[1] Appendix 3 to the letter of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated May 17, 1995 No. 61/19-12 “On the cultural and pedagogical value of games and toys” (guidelines for employees of preschool educational institutions.
[2] Appendix 3 to the letter of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated May 17, 1995 No. 61/19-12 “On the psychological and pedagogical value of games and toys” (guidelines for employees of preschool educational institutions.
[3] Order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation of August 22, 1996 No. 448 “On approval of documents for certification and state accreditation of preschool educational institutions”
[4] N.Ya. Mikhailenko. Managing children’s independent role-playing play // Problems of preschool play: psychological and pedagogical aspect. M., 1987.
[5] The parameters of the size and degree of readiness of a toy as essential for determining age-appropriateness were proposed in the work of S.L. Novoselova et al. “Pedagogical requirements and age-appropriateness of toys.” M., 1987.
[6] For more information about this, see: N.Ya. Mikhailenko, N.A. Korotkova. Playing with rules in preschool age. M.: Onega, 1994.
[7] For painting with gouache, palettes of different designs can be used (stands into which 8-10 paint sockets are inserted, etc.), but experience shows that for working with preschool children, white ceramic tiles can be used as an ideal palette.
[8] Using two cans of different sizes to wash brushes at once (0.5 liters for rinsing brushes “on black”, and 0.25 liters for rinsing) allows children not to change the water during the painting process.
[9] Here we mean materials that are at the free disposal of children, which can also be used in educational classes, but we do not intrude into the sphere of the latter with special “handouts” developed within the framework of each educational program.
We make non-traditional physical education equipment with our own hands!
The health of children should always come first. And everyone knows that nothing strengthens it more than physical education. Therefore, love for it must be instilled from a very young age. In order to somehow get children to move more and, most importantly, usefully, they need to be interested. Non-traditional physical education equipment will just help them look at sports from a different perspective and turn exercise into a fun game. This will significantly diversify a child’s life. In addition, you can make non-traditional physical education equipment with your own hands.
What it is
Various exercises are very important for children to help develop fine motor skills. This, above all, has a positive effect on their psyche and reduces the incidence of illness. Non-traditional do-it-yourself physical education equipment, a photo of which you can see in our article, puts the emphasis on such exercises.
The big plus is that with the help of such equipment you can play games of various types:
- training;
- entertaining;
- adversarial.
In principle, if you use your imagination, you can even prepare a special performance with interactive inserts (for example, how to defeat Koshchei using physical education classes).
How to make non-traditional physical education equipment with your own hands in kindergarten and at home
This equipment is very easy to make. Do-it-yourself non-traditional physical education equipment is made from available materials: bottles, caps, ropes, Kinder surprise packaging and other things that can be found in every home.
It doesn't take much time to make. You can also involve children to help. They will be very interested. When creating products, you should try to use your imagination and come up with something of your own. There are no restrictions here. But, of course, you can take advantage of already known developments in this area.
Bilbock
Everyone knows the game where a ball tied to a stick needs to be thrown into a special bowl. This is bilboke. Making such non-traditional physical education equipment with your own hands from available materials is as easy as shelling pears. For this you will need:
- plastic bottle with cap;
- wool thread;
- packaging from Kinder Surprise;
- decorations.
First you need to cut off the bottom of the plastic container. It is advisable to do this so that there are no pointed ends left. Using an awl, a hole is made in the yellow Kinder egg through which the thread is threaded. To prevent it from jumping out, a knot is tied at its end. The second end of the rope is threaded through the neck and screwed together with the lid. In order to make the bilboke more colorful and attractive, it should be covered with bright tape. You can use printed pictures, glitter and beads.
Games with bilboke help develop reaction and coordination of movements.
Pouch
It would seem, how to use it? But it can be found in many applications. For example, bags can be placed on the head so that children maintain their posture at all times. Since problems with spinal curvature are becoming more common, such exercises will be very useful. You can sew a bag from ordinary thick fabric. The filler will be salt or sand.
Magic bottle
A very simple product. To create it you will need a transparent plastic bottle, a cocktail straw, confetti or foil.
You need to make a hole in the lid. A tube will be inserted there. Small confetti, cut foil or large glitter are placed in the bottle itself.
The child should inhale through the nose and exhale through the mouth into a tube. This way he masters the correct breathing technique and watches the cheerful “fireworks” inside the bottle.
Air football
A very interesting and simple game. You don’t need a lot of materials to create such non-traditional physical education equipment with your own hands. All you need is a large box lid (or just cardboard), a plastic cup, colored paper, glue, straws and a small ball.
It is also easy to do. The lid of the box (if it doesn’t exist, you can simply make the sides out of cardboard) is covered with green paper on the inside. This will create something like a field. The gate can be made from halves of a plastic cup. They score goals on such a field using straws. You need to use a stream of air to drive the ball into the makeshift gate.
Tunnel
With it you can create a whole obstacle course. To create a tunnel you need a large piece of fabric and thick wire. First, the fabric is stitched. Then a few more small strips are attached on top across the tunnel. They will hide the wire so children don't get hurt.
Beast racing
Using regular tape, a beautiful stick and a soft toy, you can make an exciting game that will help develop fine motor skills in your child’s hands. A soft toy is tied at one end, and the other end is tied to a handle. It is important that the ribbons are all the same size. The task is simple: you need to twist the handle, winding the rope around it. This way the toy animal will slowly move towards the baby. You can organize whole competitions.
Robin Hood
With the help of non-traditional physical education equipment, you can organize an entire throwing tournament with your own hands. You don't need a bow and arrow to become a real Robin Hood. Just a tray of eggs, paints and Kinder packaging is enough. We decorate the tray so that it looks like the target. That is, in the center there should be a small square painted red. This will be an apple. Next is a slightly larger yellow circle, and then a green one. Instead of throwing arrows, you will need to throw Kinder packaging. This interesting game helps develop coordination, accuracy and dexterity.
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Premises and equipment for physical exercises
Topic 2.2.4. Premises and equipment for physical exercises
The effectiveness of implementing the tasks of educating preschool children in the field of physical education largely depends on the presence of a rational subject-play environment in a preschool institution. The most important factor in the influence of the environment on the formation of a child’s personality is the premises in which his activities are organized.
Room
for physical exercise, it should be spacious enough so that the “air cube” indicators approach the volume of ventilation. If the room is small, then the number of children studying at the same time should be limited in accordance with these indicators.
However, in preschool institutions these requirements are not always met. This is because many institutions do not have standard gyms. To conduct physical exercises, I equip small group rooms or utility rooms. They can conduct classes only in small subgroups, which is not always feasible due to the need to coordinate the work of a physical education specialist with the work of other employees of the institution.
It is known that the effectiveness of a child’s activities and the improvement of his well-being are influenced by rational coloring
room walls. When choosing a color, psychologists recommend using a range of colors in rooms for children from yellowish-green through yellow to orange. At the same time, blue and green colors are also suitable for children's rooms, especially those oriented to the south, as these colors create a feeling of coolness.
It should be especially noted that the equipment
, used in the physical education of preschool children, is usually painted in bright, varied colors. Thus, in order for children to clearly see the objects they are working with, it is advisable for the walls and floor in the gym to be plain and not bright.
Sometimes the floor in the gym is covered with carpet with a large, colorful pattern. On such a covering, markings and equipment are difficult to see, which does not meet the requirements for protecting the child’s vision. The use of synthetic turf in the gym limits the choice of means of physical improvement for preschool children. For example, when performing exercises in the kneeling position, redness of the skin of children is observed from contact with a synthetic carpet. In addition, such a coating requires particularly thorough cleaning.
View of the gym
should create a mood in the child for the upcoming activity. In this regard, painting the walls with fairy-tale characters makes the hall look like many rooms of a preschool institution (locker rooms, corridors, etc.). the use of removable pictures with monochromatic walls makes it possible to easily change the theme of the lesson. Often in preschool institutions you can see curtains on the windows of the gym, which does not meet hygienic standards (dust, reduced light).
In sports halls it is necessary to provide window guards. For this purpose, various gratings and meshes are used. For lighting the gym, fluorescent lamps protected by removable grids are most appropriate.
Due to the fact that at present there is no centralized provision of sports, gaming and physical education equipment and equipment,
preschool institutions have to take on this task themselves.
When selecting physical education equipment, it is mandatory that it meets pedagogical and hygienic requirements.
In a preschool institution it is necessary to have a sufficient number
a variety of sports and gaming equipment to ensure the participation of all groups (subgroups), their physical activity in the process of organized physical education classes and outdoor games, as well as in the independent activities of children in their free time.
It is important that the dimensions of the equipment
corresponded to the anthropometric indicators of children: body length in a standing and sitting position, length of arms, legs, volume of the chest, head. Only in this case can comfort of motor actions in a sports and gaming environment be achieved. The dimensions and weight of portable equipment must be commensurate with the capabilities of the children and can be moved by the children themselves.
One of the necessary requirements is security
children when using the equipment. Each benefit must be durable, reliable, suitable for use:
- Stair slats - of sufficient thickness and strength;
- Connections of various parts are reliable, without sharp corners or sharply protruding parts;
- Tools made of wood are well protected and polished.
The reliability and stability of large aids (gymnastic ladders, stands, monkey bars, crossbars and other pieces of equipment on which children climb) must be ensured. In order to provide insurance and prevent injuries in gyms, it is necessary to have a set of large and small mats
.
Physical education and sports and play equipment for preschoolers is made from different materials. It is important that these materials have a hygienic certificate
, would not have harmful effects on the body of children. It should be noted that for preschoolers, gymnastics and play equipment made of wood is preferable.
The presence of a wide variety of types of equipment in the kits is due to the specifics of the construction and content of classes and other forms of work in physical education, which consists in the fact that each form includes different types of physical exercises and games. For the correct organization of the physical education process, it is important to observe the principle of placing equipment at the place of use, taking into account its originality, which corresponds to the characteristics of motor actions characteristic of certain conditions. Thus, physical education and sports and gaming equipment for indoors
(physical education and gyms, swimming pool, group rooms) and
equipment for the site
(physical education area, group areas and other play areas).
Particularly highlighted is the equipment for organizing sports games
(basketball, badminton, gorodki, football, hockey) and exercises such as skating, cycling, skiing.
Equipment and supplies for the gym
As a rule, most of the physical education and sports equipment is used in gyms. The efficiency of equipment use increases significantly with its rational placement. The placement of different pieces of equipment depends on their dimensions
and
purpose
.
So, the gymnastic wall is installed permanently, firmly attached to the wall. Ropes, poles, rope ladders are fixed to the ceiling using special devices - hooks, monorail, etc. Large pieces of equipment,
such as gymnastic benches, booms, cubes, are placed along the walls of the room. For boards and ladders with hooks, a place is provided where they can be hung or laid so that they do not interfere with children’s games and activities.
Small physical education equipment
- balls, bags with weights, cubes, clubs - it is advisable to place them in sectional cabinets, on special shelves, racks, in drawers, also located along the walls of the gym. It is best to place hoops, cords, and jump ropes on the walls in different places in the room on special hooks and hangers. For stretching nets (for playing with a ball), pulling cords, elastic bands (for hanging small objects, for crawling, jumping over), fastenings in the form of brackets, clips, carabiners are convenient. They should be placed in pairs at different levels of opposite walls.
Equipment must be located so that children can freely
approach it,
independently
, without interfering with each other. It is advisable to leave the middle of the hall free. It contains a variety of aids for games and activities organized by the teacher or the children themselves.
Modern production technologies and materials have made it possible to change the appearance of the gym. Large companies, Vesco, etc.) constantly offer preschool institutions equipment that has successfully proven itself in Europe and America. Today in the halls you can find trampolines, dry pools, parachutes, etc. Large-sized multifunctional environment-forming objects
– modules that promote the gradual development of generalized conditional actions, an imaginary situation, and also naturally enrich the child’s range of movements.
In the early 80s. XX century In Switzerland, and then in Italy, Germany and other countries of Western Europe, large bright multi-colored balls with a multi-purpose orientation of impact appeared. The new tool is called “fitball”.
The development of new health technologies has given impetus to the use of special gymnastic balls in the practice of physical education, health and sports work with preschoolers. The ball can be used both as a training device and as an object for weights. In preschool institutions, fitballs are used primarily to solve health problems. They make it possible to individualize the treatment and educational process as much as possible due to the wide possibilities for posture correction in both the frontal and sagittal planes.
simulators have begun to be actively used in preschool institutions.
as a means of increasing children's physical activity. When used systematically in a preschool institution, they are a reliable means of preventing physical inactivity in children. It should be noted that exercise equipment designed for adults cannot always be adapted for use with children.
Saturating the gym with new equipment does not reduce the importance of physical education equipment, which has proven itself over many decades of practice in organizing physical education and health work with preschoolers. A modern gym cannot do without gymnastic walls, benches, mats, rubber balls of different diameters, hoops, jump ropes, etc.
Equipment and supplies for outdoor activities
For the full physical development of children in a preschool institution, the playground must be well equipped. This is especially important for optimizing the physical activity of children in the summer.
Physical education area
should consist of a physical training ground itself and a number of sports and play areas:
- Jumping pits;
- Treadmill;
- Tracks with obstacles;
- Playgrounds for playing small towns, mini-football, and hockey.
Sports and gaming areas can be directly adjacent to the physical education site or be located at any other convenient location on the site. This functional division of physical education areas allows you to simultaneously organize games and activities with a large number of children of different ages and physical fitness. In the winter season, they are equipped with sliding tracks, an ice rink, slides, and a place for playing hockey. A ski track is laid along the perimeter of the kindergarten site.
The main space of the physical training ground, as a rule, remains free. All the necessary equipment - 5-6 spans of a gymnastic wall, beams of different types (inclined, horizontal at different levels), monkey bars, throwing targets, a device for hanging ropes, a pole, a rope ladder - is placed around its perimeter. In the middle of the longitudinal sides of the site, it is advisable to install racks for tensioning nets, cords, etc.
Small inventory
for sports games (nets, rackets, shuttlecocks, balls, towns, etc.), aids for outdoor games and exercises (jump ropes, hoops, cords, rings, balls, etc.) are brought to the site as needed.
If there is enough free space around the physical training ground, it is advisable to equip a treadmill
, the width of which must be at least 1.5 m. It is important that it has a straight segment of at least 40 m in length. This will allow not only running exercises, but also observation of their implementation at a 30-meter distance in a familiar environment for children .
an obstacle course near the physical training ground.
for older preschoolers. This arrangement of the obstacle course will make it possible to widely use the equipment located on it in the independent motor activity of older preschoolers.
On playgrounds for children, it is desirable to have natural earthen slides, which in the summer can be used for entering, running down, and in the winter - for sliding down on a sled.
Pool equipment and supplies
To organize classes to teach children to swim, the pool must have equipment to ensure safe swimming and insure children in the water. These are lifebuoys, floats, dividing paths, a long pole, etc.
A variety of aids and toys are needed for the most effective organization of swimming lessons, for various exercises and games on the water. These include:
- Foam boards;
- Inflatable toys (rubber circles, balls, toys in the form of fish, crocodiles, turtles, etc.);
- Small toys made of dense rubber (sinking, for finding under water);
- Hoops for playing games with immersion in water.
The number of such aids and toys must correspond to the number of children simultaneously exercising in the pool. They should be colorful, bright, and attract children to activities and games in the water.
In addition, the pool must have devices that allow you to monitor and maintain the appropriate sanitary and hygienic condition of the room and water.
Physical education and gaming equipment for group rooms
A minimum set of physical education and gaming equipment must be provided in group rooms. This is especially important for children of early and early preschool age.
In groups for young children
, in addition to playpens for the little ones, in accordance with their age capabilities, a slide with a ramp and a ladder, a stepladder, and two or three spans of a gymnastic wall are installed. Here it is advisable to have boards smooth and with a ribbed surface, a set of boxes, baskets, massage paths and with markings, as well as sets of balls, marbles, rings, rattles, and attributes for games. Soft objects are good for kids - various modules, rollers, segments, cubes, disks, all kinds of motor toys are especially important - wheelchairs, strollers, cars, carts, etc.
In groups of older children
in addition to small aids (balls, jump ropes, cords, sticks, hoops, etc.), you must have sets of equipment and inventory for organizing both outdoor and sports games (skittles, ring throws, gorodki, badminton, basketball, table tennis, etc. ). Children can take these benefits to the area for games and exercises during walks. If there is space in group and locker rooms for children, you can install one or two spans of gymnastics walls, one of the sports and gaming complexes, and place the simplest exercise equipment for children to use independently. But at the same time, we should not forget that older preschoolers should also be monitored by the teacher during games and exercises on the specified equipment.
Devices necessary for diagnosing the physical condition of preschool children
For an objective assessment of physical development and physical fitness in medical, methodological rooms or in a gym there must be:
- Height meter;
- Posture assessment device;
- Phonendoscope;
- Device for measuring blood pressure (tonometer);
- Spirometer;
- Stopwatch;
- Roulette;
- Tape measure;
- Tailor's measuring tape;
- Wrist dynamometer;
- Pedometer to determine the number of movements;
- Compass.
In recent years, the possibilities for assessing the activity of various body systems have expanded significantly. One of the most promising areas is the use of heart rate monitors
to assess the reaction of children’s bodies to various physical activities and performing physical exercises of varying degrees of difficulty.
The device enables reliable and convenient wireless heart rate measurement and measures pulse with the accuracy of an electrocardiogram. The monitor allows you to observe the current heart rate level without disturbing the overall rhythm of the exercise being performed. Observation can be done while walking, swimming, skiing, or while performing other exercises.
Heart rate monitors are used in research because they are easy to use. The device consists of an elastic belt containing electrodes that measure heart rate, and a monitor (shaped like a watch). The elastic belt is attached to the pectoral muscles, and the monitor is attached to the wrist.
It should also be noted that heart rate monitors have a wide price range. The cheaper the device, the correspondingly fewer functions it performs. When conducting research with preschool children, the following should be considered first:
- The device must provide for transferring data from the monitor to the computer using an infrared port. Other options for reading information have significant errors when transferring data;
- More expensive heart rate monitor models include transmitter coding. Uncoded transmitters should not be used in group studies of preschool children. In cases where there are multiple heart rate monitors within a study area within a distance of 1 meter, an unencoded monitor will read signals from other monitors in that area. This may cause incorrect readings. Even if one monitor is coded and the other is not, the readings may also have significant errors.
In a study with preschool children, it is advisable to use the Polar RS200sd running computer model with an additional POLAR S1 device, which is attached to shoes and provides control over speed and distance along with heart rate measurement. The device provides the following functions:
- Displaying speed and distance on the monitor;
- Setting a target pace;
- Showing the difference between the current pace and the specified target;
- Signal of deviation from a given pace, etc.
Studying the reaction of children's bodies to physical activity using heart rate monitors makes it possible to obtain objective information. However, this creates certain difficulties in organizing the educational process in physical education in a preschool institution. Therefore, during a physical education lesson, it is advisable to assess the functional state of children based on external signs of fatigue or pulse. At the same time, complex diagnostic systems, in particular heart rate monitors, can be used 2-3 times a year to obtain more objective indicators.
In preschool institutions you can increasingly find the biofeedback device “BFB - Breathing”.
They make it possible to visualize the processes occurring in the body.
“BFB - Breathing” allows you to determine the difference in pulse values during inhalation and exhalation, which is currently called respiratory arrhythmia of the heart (RAS). Quantitatively, this parameter is measured in the same quantities as the pulse, i.e. in the number of beats per minute. This parameter is universal - it reflects the quality of breathing, the state of the immune system and the body’s ability to adapt. The higher the DAS level, the better the body is protected from diseases.
It should also be noted that DAS reflects the degree of coordination of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. With good diaphragmatic breathing, an increase in DAS is observed, and it begins to change in the phase of the respiratory cycle. Moreover, by consciously changing breathing parameters, you can influence heart rate, and ultimately DAS. The use of the device provides the opportunity to individualize health programs, i.e. selection of exercises necessary to achieve a programmable healing effect.
