What is attention?
Attention is the direction and concentration of the psyche on a specific object. Psychologists distinguish between two types of attention.
It is easiest to focus on those objects in the surrounding world that are interesting and important at the moment. A bright light, a sudden sound, a pungent smell, an unusual taste, something new, unexpected, surprising, interesting for a person - all this involuntarily attracts our attention. This type of it is called involuntary. Involuntary attention does not require a controlled choice of the object of attention, does not require effort to retain and maintain it. It is characteristic of all people from birth, and in preschool age it is predominant. That is why, when a child’s education begins at this stage, it is built primarily on play, colorful visuals, and awakening the child’s interest in the object of attention.
Voluntary attention is distinguished by its awareness and purposefulness: we ourselves choose the object on which we want to focus. Without managing your attention, it is impossible to successfully study at school, at a university and work effectively. A child makes his first attempts to control his attention at the age of 6, when he forces himself to focus on something important, sacrificing something interesting. Such attempts require physical effort and will from him, so it is difficult for the baby to do the same thing for a long time, he is easily distracted and tired. However, adults can help a preschooler learn to control his attention even in kindergarten - with the help of games and exercises that develop attention.
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Memory value up to 7 years
Scientists have developed many definitions for memory. But everyone recognizes that this is a complex mental process. Memory is the ability of a child and an adult to receive life experience, retain it and reproduce it.
The life experience of a preschooler includes everything that surrounds him, everything he encounters. Memory develops rapidly up to 7 years of age. This is the so-called natural memory.
A preschooler remembers when he sees an unfamiliar picture or object.
If he saw something out of the ordinary, he begins to talk, remembering something similar from his experience. The thinking of a small child consists of memory, of his life experience.
Therefore, as rich and varied the experience is, so full and strong will be his natural memory.
By the way, the speed of its development cannot be compared with the development of the child’s other abilities. She is the tallest. This is achieved through the ideal interaction of both hemispheres of the brain.
Why are children geniuses from birth? Because up to 3 they have this amazing synchronicity. And those adults who own it are considered geniuses.
What is the minimum you can do to be calm about your child’s future, read our book and get the most effective games.
For the most physiological method of development from birth, follow this link (will open in a new tab).
Properties of attention
Before introducing educational games, you should determine the current level of development of the child’s attention. To do this, let’s look at the properties of attention: it is their development that we will check by diagnosing the attention of younger schoolchildren.
1. The volume of attention is the number of objects to which the child’s attention can be simultaneously directed. This property of attention will be useful to the student when mastering counting skills.
A child’s attention span at 4-5 years old is 1-2 objects (and the brightest and most unusual ones), at 6 years old - already 3 objects, at school age - up to 5 objects. Compare: the attention span of an adult is 7 objects.
2. Sustainability of attention shows how long a child can focus on the object of attention. This property of attention helps a person to understand the world around him, without being distracted by extraneous connections and unimportant characteristics, and also to form an internal plan of action. The skill of solving arithmetic problems, writing creative texts, creating drawings - all this requires sustained attention.
Research shows that children 5–6 years old can engage in activities that are of little interest to them 4 times longer than children 2–3 years old. However, even at this age, children can be most actively and productively engaged in a task for no more than 10–15 minutes.
3. Concentration determines how strongly a child is able to focus on the object of attention and resist distractions. We use this property of attention when mastering reading skills.
4. Switching attention - the speed of a child’s deliberate transition from one object (or type of activity) to another. Poor attention span can sometimes manifest itself in such a widespread phenomenon as absent-mindedness.
5. Distribution of attention - dispersing attention to several objects at the same time, the ability to perform several actions at once. Essential for learning to write.
The last three properties of attention in preschoolers, as a rule, are poorly developed.
Methods for diagnosing attention, as well as attention tests for children, are aimed at identifying the individual characteristics of these properties of attention.
