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Approaches to defining “emotional well-being”What is emotional well-being? There is no single definition of this concept. There are many opinions and thoughts about this term. Let's start looking at the definition of “emotional well-being” with the term “emotion” .
In psychology, emotions are considered as mental processes that occur in the form of experiences and reflect personal significance and assessment of external and internal situations for a person’s life.
In modern society, the age of onset of emotional disorders in preschoolers has decreased sufficiently [3].
The term “emotional well-being (ill-well-being)” has many definitions in various sources.
By the emotional well-being of a 3-5 year old preschooler, Freifeld I.V., Terentyev A.E. understand the child’s positively colored emotional state, characterized by a feeling of comfort, security, success, arising from the satisfaction of his fundamental needs for safety, love and belonging, self-expression and communication [7].
Emotional well-being (ill-being) in psychology is considered as a characteristic for the qualitative assessment of a person’s emotional state. In the psychological and pedagogical literature there is no single definition of this concept, but at the same time, all researchers of the emotional sphere of a person include a normal level of situational and personal anxiety, an optimal level of activity and performance, the ability and readiness to act adequately in various life situations, as the essential characteristics of emotional well-being, fairly high self-esteem. HELL. Kosheleva, M.I. Lisina, G.G. Filippova consider emotional well-being as a basic state that determines a child’s positive attitude towards the world and himself. It has a positive effect on the emotional-volitional and cognitive sphere of the preschooler, promotes the full moral development of the preschooler, and forms his orientation towards success and achieving his goals. It follows that emotional distress is a kind of disruption of the child’s positive connections with the outside world, which can lead to the development of undesirable character traits: aggressiveness, indifference, as well as psychosomatic disorders [2].
Currently, emotional well-being (ill-being) is considered in different directions, but they complement each other and give us the opportunity to consider this concept more deeply. O. I. Badulina, L. I. Bozhovich, T. V. Dragunova, M. V. Zinovieva, O. A. Idobaeva, V. R. Lisina, V. I. Samokhvalova, T. Ya. Safonova, L. S. Slavin define emotional well-being as a positive direction of emotional well-being. L. M. Abolin, O. A. Vorobyova, V. R. Sary-Guzel consider emotional well-being as an indicator of the success of a person’s emotional regulation (i.e., how “well” and fully emotions can perform their functions in the life of an individual). M. S. Dmitrieva, M. Yu. Dolina, L. V. Kulikov consider emotional well-being as an important part of the psychological well-being of the individual as a whole: as an integral characteristic that focuses on feelings caused by the successful (or unsuccessful) functioning of all aspects of the personality. In some works, the concept of “emotional well-being” is correlated with the term “emotional health,” which, according to L.V. Tarabakina is defined as an integral part of a person’s psychological health, which ensures “... the unity of the transitory and the continuous based on the functioning of levels - situational-orientative, adaptation-target, personal-activity; emotional health allows you to maintain a holistic emotional attitude towards yourself and the world, transform negative emotions and generate positively colored experiences...” [4].
Also in modern society, the problem of emotional well-being is considered in several other directions: socio-psychological (M. Argyle, R. Burns), psychoanalytic (M. Klein, V. Oaklander) and psychophysiological (V. M. Bekhterev, P. V. Simonov ).
Representatives of the socio-psychological school believe that emotional well-being is associated with social and psychological factors, namely the presence of a stable position in society, social satisfaction, and the general psycho-emotional state of the individual.
Representatives of the psychoanalytic concept clearly see a cause-and-effect relationship between emotional well-being, the characteristics of the early period of personality development and somatic pathologies.
Having psychophysiological ideas about emotional well-being, we can talk about the close relationship between a person’s physical and psychological health [1].
Emotional well-being is considered by almost all authors involved in the study of emotions, but often this concept is considered indirectly, that is, synonyms are used - “positive neuropsychic tone” (V. M. Bekhterev), “pleasure, joy” (K. Izard), “ happiness” (M. Argyll), etc. Thus, emotional well-being is closely related to such concepts as “emotional health” , “mental well-being” , “life satisfaction” , “subjective assessment of the quality of life” . It is a complex term that is multi-dimensional and multi-layered. The interpretation of emotional well-being changes throughout the life course and depending on social group. Russian psychologists (N.D. Levitov, V.N. Myasishchev, V.A. Ganzen, L.V. Kulikov, etc.) primarily talk about the relationship between health, subjective well-being and a person’s mental state, focusing specifically on the subjective side health, meaning satisfaction with life in general and the experience of well-being. [6].
We looked at many concepts, different directions and ideas about emotional well-being, but did not come to a single conclusion. Currently, despite all the variety of approaches to this problem, we can say that the problem of emotional well-being has not been fully resolved, not to mention the problem of the emotional well-being of preschool children. The most important thing is that in psychology there is still a problem of taking into account the psychological characteristics and properties of the individual when we talk about the means and methods of forming the emotional well-being of the individual.
Having studied various directions, we believe that emotional well-being is a person’s emotional state, depending on his health, which reflects the child’s positive attitude towards himself and the world around him, the ability to easily adapt to various situations without experiencing discomfort, fear and anxiety .
Russian psychologists (N.D. Levitov, V.N. Myasishchev, V.A. Ganzen, L.V. Kulikov, etc.) primarily talk about the relationship between health, subjective well-being and a person’s mental state, focusing specifically on the subjective side health, meaning satisfaction with life in general and the experience of well-being [11].
Bibliography:
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- Lapteva Yu.A., Morozova I.S. Development of the emotional sphere of a preschool child // Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. 2021. No. 3. P.51 – 55.
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- Freifeld I.V., Terentyev A.E. Organization of physical education and health activities in the formation of the emotional well-being of preschoolers 3-5 years old // Bulletin of Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics. 2009. No. 4. (date of access: 05/08/2017).
- Nikiforova O. V., Antonova E. N. Creation of a subject-development environment for preschool educational institutions in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for the conditions for the implementation of the main general education program // Municipal education: innovations and experiment. 2014. No. 5. (date of access: 05/29/2017).
- Nikiforova T. Subject-spatial environment as a condition for emotional well-being and self-expression of children / T. Nikiforova. - [Electronic resource]. (Date of access: 06/01/2017).
- V.V. Odintsova, N.M. Gorchakova. Emotional well-being as an integrative characteristic of the emotional sphere // Bulletin of St. Petersburg State University. Ser. 12. 2014. Issue. 1
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