Program “Civic-Patriotic Education of Preschool Children in Kindergarten Conditions”


MAGAZINE Preschooler.RF

Organization of work on moral and patriotic education in the preschool educational system

Mukhametzhanova Olga Vladimirovna MBDOU "Krepysh" teacher Noyabrsk, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The problem of educating a patriotic citizen is as old as the world. It stood before humanity when the first state arose and has not lost its significance to this day. The state program “Patriotic Education of Citizens of the Russian Federation” gives the following definition of patriotic education: this is the systematic and purposeful activity of government bodies and organizations to develop in citizens a high patriotic consciousness, a sense of loyalty to their fatherland, readiness to fulfill civic duty and constitutional duties to protect the interests of the Motherland .

Currently, the urgent problem of introducing the younger generation to the culture and history of their people is discussed at various levels and is reflected in a number of normative documents:

Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” dated December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ;

Thus, according to the National Doctrine of Education in the Russian Federation, approved. By Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 04.10.2000 No. 751, the education system is designed to provide:

  • historical continuity of generations, preservation, dissemination and development of national culture, fostering a careful attitude towards the historical and cultural heritage of the peoples of Russia;
  • education of patriots of Russia, citizens of a legal, democratic state, capable of socialization in a civil society, respecting the rights and freedoms of the individual, possessing high morality and showing national and religious tolerance, respect for the languages, traditions and culture of other peoples.

Among the objectives of the National Strategy of Action for Children for 2012-2017, approved. by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated June 1, 2012 No. 761, there is also this: the formation of a new public-state system for raising children, ensuring their socialization, a high level of citizenship, patriotism, tolerance, and law-abiding behavior.

“Strategy for the development of education in the Russian Federation until 2025” , approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 29, 2015 N 996-r identifies, among others, the following priorities of state policy in the field of education:

  • formation in children of a high level of spiritual and moral development, a sense of involvement in the historical and cultural community of the Russian people and the fate of Russia
  • formation of respect for the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation, which is the basis of the civil identity of Russians and the main factor of national self-determination

In modern conditions, awakening children's interest in the historical and cultural heritage of Russia, civic and patriotic education are among the tasks of preschool education. Thus, according to the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education (FSES DO, approved by Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated October 17, 2013 No. 1155, one of the educational areas “Cognitive Development” , in particular, involves the formation in children of primary ideas about their small homeland and Fatherland , sociocultural values ​​of our people, about domestic traditions and holidays.

Thus, the moral and patriotic education of children is one of the main tasks of a preschool educational institution. Meanwhile, patriotism is a complex and high human feeling. Its content is so multifaceted that it is indefinable in a few words. This is love for family and friends and for the small homeland, and pride for one’s people. Patriotic feelings are formed in the process of life and existence of a person located within a specific sociocultural environment. From birth, people instinctively, naturally and imperceptibly get used to their environment, the nature and culture of their country, the way of life of their people. Naturally developing feelings of attachment to paternal values ​​become the subject of comprehension in the process of targeted patriotic education, on their basis beliefs and willingness to act accordingly are formed.

The goal of patriotic education in preschool educational institutions is to educate a humane spiritual and moral personality, worthy future citizens of Russia, patriots of their Fatherland.

The objectives of the moral and patriotic education of preschool children are:

  • nurturing a child’s love and affection for his family, home, kindergarten, street, city
  • developing a caring attitude towards nature and all living things
  • instilling respect for work
  • development of interest in Russian traditions and crafts
  • formation of basic knowledge about human rights
  • expanding ideas about Russian cities
  • introducing children to the symbols of the state (coat of arms, flag, anthem)
  • developing a sense of responsibility and pride for the country's achievements
  • the formation of tolerance, a sense of respect for representatives of other nationalities, peers, parents, neighbors, and other people.
  • formation of self-esteem as a representative of one’s people.

These tasks are solved in all types of children's activities: in classes, in games, in work, in everyday life, as they instill in the child not only patriotic feelings, but also form his relationships with adults and peers.

It can be said without exaggeration that civic and patriotic education is one of the most difficult areas in preschool education for a number of reasons, including:

  • features of preschool age
  • multidimensionality of the concept of “patriotism” in the modern world
  • lack of concept, theoretical and methodological developments (a characteristic feature of many studies is to address only certain aspects of the problem).

To date, none of the preschool education programs makes it possible to fully solve the problems of moral and patriotic education of preschoolers. Teachers have to independently collect and systematize the material. It becomes obvious that there is a need to create new models for organizing work on the moral and patriotic education of children, and to search for innovative approaches and technologies.

Pedagogical conditions:

  • heuristic environment in kindergarten and in the family;
  • close cooperation between kindergarten teachers and family members;
  • preparedness of teachers and parents to solve problems of instilling patriotism in children.

Let us dwell on the means of implementing the tasks of NIP in preschool educational institutions; these include:

  • Creation of favorable material, technical, educational and methodological conditions
  • Close contact on this issue with the family, relying on its traditions and experience.
  • Consistent orientation towards cultural conformity of education, designed to ensure the formation of a person’s spiritual world;
  • Updating the content of education, selecting the most interesting and accessible material based on the experience and feelings of children;

The system of work on civic and patriotic education in preschool educational institutions is built consistently, starting from a young age with gradual complication in accordance with the experience of children, taking into account the principle of developmental education.

The first feelings of patriotism. Are they accessible to children? Based on experience in this area, we can give an affirmative answer. Research in the field of preschool pedagogy and psychology indicates that it is in preschool age that the basic foundations of personality are laid, the process of formation and formation of sociocultural experience begins, and is “formed . And here one cannot help but recall the words of L.N. Tolstoy, who argued that “Love for the Motherland is not an abstract concept, but a real spiritual force that requires organization, development and culture”

Contents of patriotic education in kindergarten.

In order for a preschool institution to help foster patriotic feelings, the life of the children there must be rich, interesting, so that it is remembered for a long time, and becomes a system of joyful childhood memories.

It is very important that the child loves his kindergarten. This happens when educators treat each child with respect, know their best traits and promote their development through games, holidays, interesting activities, etc.

For this purpose, the teacher organizes excursions around the kindergarten and introduces preschoolers to the staff.

Children should also know on which street their kindergarten is located, how and why it is called that, and that it is located next to the kindergarten. Knowledge enriches children's senses and gives them confidence and meaning.

Feelings and relationships become stronger if children invest their work in the kindergarten (participate in landscaping the area, decorating the premises for the holidays).

The yard, the street on which the child lives can also help strengthen friendship and a sense of ownership (my yard, my street). Here, it is of paramount importance for parents to form such feelings in their children.

At the same time, this also raises the question of the need to provide children with information about their street: its name, what is located on it, what kind of transport there is, how this street is connected to the territory where the kindergarten is located (can you walk or have to drive).

It would be good if parents or teachers take photographs of their children on the street, or make a video of a walk, and then watch a film in a group and talk about this street.

The next stage is to cultivate love and friendship for your hometown. This part of the work requires relying more on the cognitive sphere, on the child’s imagination and memory.

For a child, the city is concretized by the street, the fact that he is aware, first of all, of himself as a resident of his street. In order for children to “feel” their city, they need to be told about it and shown it. Children travel around the city with their parents. Sometimes an excursion also needs to be organized for the kindergarten.

Children of senior preschool age can and should know the name of their city, its main streets, attractions, museums, theaters, etc. We will reveal more about work in this direction below. Developing an attitude towards one's country is based on a cognitive component: children are given information that they should and can learn. The peculiarity is that knowledge should be emotional and encourage the child to be active.

We reinforce the name of the country with children in games ( “Who can name the most countries” , “Which country are the guests from” , “Whose fairy tale is this” , “Which country is this toy from” ), in exercises like “From different names of countries, identify our country” , “Let's look for our country on a map, globe” , “How to write an address on an envelope” and others.

Children should know the name of the capital of our Motherland and its attractions.

Examination of illustrations, slides, videos, works of art, stories from adults, photographs, excursions, drawing, travel games - all this helps to solve the problem. Children are introduced to the symbols of the country, they are told that each country has its own flag, coat of arms, and anthem. They tell where and when they can see them.

When getting acquainted with the nature of the native country, the emphasis is on beauty, wealth, and its characteristics. Children should get an idea of ​​what animals live in our forests and what trees grow.

The main goal of these activities is to awaken in children's hearts a love for their native country with its rich and diverse nature. To implement it, it is necessary to use observation, excursions, simple experiments, work on sites, conversations based on paintings, reading and dramatization of works of fiction, walks along the “ecological trail” , relaxation “in a cheerful meadow” with interesting games. Preschoolers are happy to get involved in environmental activities.

The means of patriotic education is art: music, works of art, fine arts, folk arts and crafts. It is necessary that works of art used in working with children be highly artistic.

An important area of ​​work to foster love for the Motherland is the formation in children of ideas about the people of their native country. First of all, it is necessary to remember those people who glorified our country - artists, composers, writers, inventors, scientists, philosophers, doctors (the choice depends on the teacher). It is necessary, using specific examples, through specific people, to introduce children to the “character” of the Russian people (creativity, skill, melodiousness, hospitality, goodwill, responsiveness, the ability to defend their homeland). The teacher tries to introduce preschoolers to people who have certain qualities or skills, and to involve children in their activities.

People say: a good example is better than a hundred words. To implement this wise pedagogical technique in life, it is necessary to organize meetings for preschoolers with interesting people and representatives of various professions. During such meetings, children see that the ordinary people around them write good poetry, bake delicious bread, operate complex mechanisms, compete for awards in sports competitions, etc.

Of great importance for educating a conscientious citizen is instilling a respectful attitude towards war heroes, veterans, in memory of those who died defending the fatherland; respect for soldiers - defenders of the Motherland. Children with sincere gratitude go together with their parents and teachers to the obelisk of Glory and lay flowers. Conversations, meetings with veterans, excursions, the use of songs, poems, and visual material have a great influence. It’s good when, after each event, children pick up pencils and paints and reproduce their impressions in visual arts.

It is advisable to invite children to ask and talk about the interesting work of their parents, and then hold a competition for the best story. To strengthen the memory of the family, it is of great importance to instill (in both adults and children) respect for the burials of ancestors.

Relations developing between subjects of the educational system

An important condition for successful pedagogical activity in instilling citizenship and patriotism in preschool children is interaction with the students’ parents. Touching “living” documents of family history awakens the child’s thoughts, evokes emotions, makes them empathize, and be attentive to the memory of the past, their historical roots, and the preservation of family ties.

According to A. S. Makarenko, it is in the family and under the guidance of parents that a future citizen grows. Everything that happens in the country must come to children through the soul and thought of teachers. Our preschool teachers adhere to these recommendations when working with preschoolers and interacting with their parents.

Currently, such work is relevant and especially difficult, requiring great tact and patience, since in modern families the issues of education of citizenship and patriotism are not considered important and often only cause bewilderment.

The basis for interaction with parents in our preschool educational institution is a structural and functional model, which consists of three blocks:

I – information and analytical block. Review and analysis of information about parents and children, study of families, their person-oriented communication based on a common cause. It includes:

a) study of literature (psychological-pedagogical, popular science, legal);

b) studying the level of readiness of teachers to interact with families and children;

c) studying the level of readiness of parents, their attitude to this problem;

d) study of the subject-developmental environment of groups, preschool institutions.

c) determination of work methods, work planning, deadlines;

c) preparation of necessary materials

d) making changes to the work programs of educators.

II – practical block. Solving specific problems related to the patriotic education of children.

III – control – evaluation. Analysis of the effectiveness of events: repeated surveys, participation of parents in kindergarten events, patriotic competitions. a) analysis of questionnaires;

b) collecting feedback;

c) analysis of the work of teachers;

d) presentation of projects.

Let us dwell in more detail on the second, practical block, which involves active forms of interaction with parents and children

Forms of cooperation with parents:

  • “Educational” cooperation (consultations, meetings, excursions, library “Educating a Citizen Together” ).
  • Cooperation in the framework of leisure activities, project activities, weekend excursions, work activities;

The following active forms of interaction with children and parents can be implemented in preschool educational institutions:

  1. Targeted walks to Memory Square combined with a tour of the mini-museum of the kindergarten.
  2. Excursion to Memory Square. The content of such excursions is: observations of ritual moments: laying flowers at the monument, a minute of silence, meeting with participants in the war;
  3. Reading fiction appropriate to the age category of children - about defenders of their native land, the Fatherland, for example, reading works from the series “Grandfather’s Medals” .
  4. Use of ICT technologies: showing video materials about the native land, about the heroism of the Russian people, about the Great Patriotic War, about famous battles and battles ( "Kursk Bulge" , "Battle of Stalingrad" ).
  5. Examination of illustrations, paintings, various reproductions containing necessary historical facts and events from the surrounding life.
  6. Meetings with veterans, participation in holidays: “City Day” , “Mother’s Day” , “Daddy’s Day” , “Victory Day” , etc.
  7. Preparation of thematic exhibitions dedicated to memorable dates, making souvenirs for war veterans, involving the active participation of parents in their preparation and organization: creating collages, gifts, albums, etc.
  8. Conducting competitions for family projects: “My Motherland is the place where I was born” , “Coat of Arms of my family” , “Heroes of my family” , “My pedigree” , etc.
  9. “Weekend routes” with the involvement of parents, who are offered a route with a detailed description of the site being visited and recommendations for easily acquainting the child with the monument.
  10. Drawing up recommendations for parents on visiting the children's library with their children, with a list of recommendations. works of moral and patriotic themes, questions on content.
  11. Organizing an exhibition of children's works on military-patriotic themes.
  12. Involving the parent community in providing all possible assistance in creating a mini-museum of a preschool educational institution
  13. General parent meeting dedicated to the influence of family and social factors on the formation of moral and patriotic feelings of preschoolers.

In solving the search for effective methods of interaction between subjects of the educational process in a preschool educational institution, it is advisable to use the project method. This method will allow combining the interests of all subjects, organizing the process of raising and educating children step by step and consistently: from identifying their experience to joint planning and implementation of what is planned. Thus, the parent has the opportunity to actively participate in the process of patriotic education of his child and the group as a whole, and the child’s activities are organized in accordance with his interests, desires and needs.

Organization of teacher activities

  • Traditional: seminars, workshops, creative groups, exchange of experience, pedagogical advice, training, business game, etc.
  • Innovative: project activities, master classes, creation of a bank of innovative ideas, participation in creative competitions, publishing activities.

Speaking about the education of citizenship and patriotism in preschool educational institutions, we must first of all take care that the little person becomes a man with a capital “H”, so that he can distinguish bad from good, and his aspirations and desires are aimed at creation, self-determination and development in himself those qualities and values ​​thanks to which we can firmly say about him that he is a patriot and a citizen of his Motherland: hardworking, merciful, active, independent, emotionally responsive, loving loved ones, his Motherland, his people, honoring its traditions and culture

Bibliography

  1. National doctrine of education in the Russian Federation, approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 04.10.2000 No. 751.
  2. Vetokhina A.Ya. Moral and partisan education of preschool children /A. Y. Vetokhina - St. Petersburg: Detstvo-Press, 2015. - 192 p.
  3. Dronova T.N. Together with the family: a guide on the interaction of a preschool educational institution and parents / T. N. Doronova, G. V. Glushkova, T. I. Grizik, etc. - M.: Prosveshchenie, 2005. - 190 p.
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